Optical Inspection Model Card

Model Overview

A Siamese Network is a class of neural network architectures that contain two or more identical subnetworks.\nThe training algorithm works by updating the parameters across all the sub-networks in tandem.\nIt is used to find the similarity between the inputs by computing the Euclidean distance between the feature vectors.\nIn this specific use case, the inputs are a \"golden or reference\" image and the image of the PCB component under inspection.

Model Architecture

The model in this instance is an Siamese Network architecture.

$\"Screenshot\"$

Training

This model was trained using the optical_inspection entrypoint in TAO. The training algorithm optimizes the network to minimize the contrastive loss.

Training Data

Siamese Network model was trained on a proprietary dataset with more than 42207 images of individual components extracted from 105 PCB boards and 4 different PCB designs. The training dataset consists of a mix of components (Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, etc) from different PCBs.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Dataset	No. of images	No. of Components	No. of PCBs	No. of Board Designs
Nvidia Internal Dataset	168828	42207	105	4

The dataset distribution is represented as under:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Dataset	No. of components	No of Defects	Defect Rate
Nvidia Internal Dataset	42207	65	0.15%

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Dataset	No. of components	Types of LED illumination per component
Nvidia Internal Dataset	42207	4

Following is an sample image showing a PASS component. The component images shown below were captured under 4 LED illuminations (Solder, Uniform, LowAngle and White). Images for the 4 LED lights were concatenated to display within 2 X 2 grid.

No Defect

\n $\"no$ \n

Missing Component Defect

\n $\"missing$ \n

Performance

Evaluation Data

The model performance was evaluated on a validation dataset which had a total of 21148 components with 37 components being defective

Methodology and KPI

The performance of the Optical Inspection model is mainly measured using the False Positive Rate (FPR) or False Alarm Rate. It is the proportion of PASS components incorrectly identified as DEFECTS for a given cutoff of the Siamese Score.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Model	Model Architecture	Testing Images	False Positive Rate (FPR) %	Defect Capture %	Score Cutoff
Optical Inspection	Siamese Network	21148	0.97%	100%	0.3
Optical Inspection	Siamese Network	21148	0.11%	97%	0.5

Real-time Inference Performance

The inference is run on the provided unpruned model at FP16 precision. The inference performance is run using trtexec on Jetson AGX Xavier, Xavier NX, Orin, Orin NX and NVIDIA T4, and Ampere GPUs. The Jetson devices are running at Max-N configuration for maximum GPU frequency. The performance shown here is the inference only performance. The end-to-end performance with streaming video data might slightly vary depending on other bottlenecks in the hardware and software.

@TODO: Add perflab table

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Model Arch	Version	Inference Resolution	Precision	Xavier NX		AGX Xavier		Orin NX		AGX Orin		T4	A100	A30	A10	A2
Siamese Network	Unpruned	2x512x128x3	FP16	GPU	DLA1+DLA2	GPU	DLA1+DLA2	GPU	DLA1+DLA2	GPU	DLA1+DLA2	GPU	GPU	GPU	GPU	GPU
				-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

How to use this model

These models need to be used with NVIDIA Hardware and Software. For Hardware, the models can run on any NVIDIA GPU including NVIDIA Jetson devices. These models can only be used with Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit, or TensorRT.

The primary use case intended for these models is for optical inspection using RGB component level images. The model is a Siamese Network which outputs embedding vectors for image pairs to create a similarity score between them. By applying a euclidiean distance metric on the embedding vectors (golden and sample image pairs) an output score can be generated that indicates whether a component is defective or not.

These models are intended for training and fine-tune using TAO Toolkit and user datasets for image comparison. High-fidelity models can be trained to the new use cases. A Jupyter notebook is available as a part of the TAO container and can be used to re-train.

The models are also intended for easy edge deployment using TensorRT.

Input

Two imput images:

Golden: RGB Image of dimensions: 512 X 128 X 3 (W x H x C)

Sample: RGB Image of dimensions: 512 X 128 X 3 (W x H x C)

Channel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (512), W = Width of the images (128)

Output

Golden: Embedding: 1 X 5 (N x D)

Sample: Embedding: 1 X 5 (N x D)

Channel Ordering of the Input: NC, where N = Batch Size, D = Number of Dimensions.

Input image

Here is a sample images for a Capacitor with the golden and sample concatenated and displayed side-by-side using a 2 x 2 grid layout

\n $\"no$ \n

Instructions to use model with TAO

To use these models as pretrained weights for transfer learning, please use the snippet below as template for the model and train component of the experiment spec file to train a Siamese Network model. For more information on the experiment spec file, please refer to the TAO Toolkit User Guide - Optical Inspection.

model:\n  model_type: Siamese\n  model_backbone: custom\n  embedding_vectors: 5\n  margin: 2.0\nevaluate:\n  checkpoint: \"${results_dir}/train/oi_model_epoch=004.pth\"\n

Limitations

Expecting 4 LED Illuminations

The Siamese Network model was trained on RGB images using 4 LED lighting conditions namely Solder, Uniform, LowAngle and White lights. Therefore, images captured different lighting conditions or less than 4 LED illuminations may not provide good detection results.

References

Using TAO Pre-trained Models

Get TAO Container
Get other Purpose-built models from NGC model registry:\n
- PeopleNet
- TrafficCamNet
- FaceDetectIR
- VehicleMakeNet
- VehicleTypeNet
\n

Technical blogs

Read the 2 part blog on training and optimizing 2D body pose estimation model with TAO - Part 1 | Part 2
Learn how to train real-time License plate detection and recognition app with TAO and DeepStream.
Model accuracy is extremely important, learn how you can achieve state of the art accuracy for classification and object detection models using TAO
Learn how to train Instance segmentation model using MaskRCNN with TAO
Learn how to improve INT8 accuracy using Quantization aware training(QAT) with TAO
Read the technical tutorial on how PeopleNet model can be trained with custom data using Transfer Learning Toolkit
Learn how to train and deploy real-time intelligent video analytics apps and services using DeepStream SDK

License

License to use this model is covered by the Model EULA. By downloading the unpruned or pruned version of the model, you accept the terms and conditions of these licenses

Ethical Considerations

NVIDIA Optical Inspection model detects defects in objects using images. NVIDIA’s platforms and application frameworks enable developers to build a wide array of AI applications. Consider potential algorithmic bias when choosing or creating the models being deployed. Work with the model’s developer to ensure that it meets the requirements for the relevant industry and use case; that the necessary instruction and documentation are provided to understand error rates, confidence intervals, and results; and that the model is being used under the conditions and in the manner intended.

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The training algorithm optimizes the network to minimize the contrastive loss.\n\n### Training Data \n\nSiamese Network model was trained on a proprietary dataset with more than 42207 images of individual components extracted from 105 PCB boards and 4 different PCB designs. The training dataset consists of a mix of components (Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, etc) from different PCBs. \n\n\n\n| Dataset | No. of images | No. of Components | No. of PCBs | No. of Board Designs \n|--|--|--|--|--|\n|Nvidia Internal Dataset| 168828 | 42207 | 105 | 4\n\n\nThe dataset distribution is represented as under:\n\n| Dataset | No. of components | No of Defects | Defect Rate\n|--|--|--|--|\n|Nvidia Internal Dataset| 42207 | 65 | 0.15%\n\n| Dataset | No. of components | Types of LED illumination per component |\n|--|--|--|\n|Nvidia Internal Dataset| 42207 | 4 |\n\nFollowing is an sample image showing a PASS component. The component images shown below were captured under 4 LED illuminations (Solder, Uniform, LowAngle and White). Images for the 4 LED lights were concatenated to display within 2 X 2 grid. \n\nNo Defect\n\n $\"no$ \n\nMissing Component Defect\n\n $\"missing$ \n\n## Performance\n\n### Evaluation Data \n\nThe model performance was evaluated on a validation dataset which had a total of 21148 components with 37 components being defective\n\n#### Methodology and KPI\n\nThe performance of the Optical Inspection model is mainly measured using the False Positive Rate (FPR) or False Alarm Rate. It is the proportion of PASS components incorrectly identified as DEFECTS for a given cutoff of the Siamese Score.\n\n| Model | Model Architecture | Testing Images | False Positive Rate (FPR) % | Defect Capture % | Score Cutoff |\n|--|--|--|--|--|--|\n| Optical Inspection | Siamese Network | 21148 | 0.97% | 100% | 0.3 |\n| Optical Inspection | Siamese Network | 21148 | 0.11% | 97% | 0.5 |\n\n\n### Real-time Inference Performance \n\nThe inference is run on the provided unpruned model at FP16 precision. The inference performance is run using [`trtexec`](https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT/tree/master/samples/opensource/trtexec) on Jetson AGX Xavier, Xavier NX, Orin, Orin NX and NVIDIA T4, and Ampere GPUs. The Jetson devices are running at Max-N configuration for maximum GPU frequency. The performance shown here is the inference only performance. The end-to-end performance with streaming video data might slightly vary depending on other bottlenecks in the hardware and software.\n\n@TODO: Add perflab table\n| Model Arch |Version | Inference Resolution | Precision | Xavier NX | | AGX Xavier | | Orin NX | | AGX Orin | |T4|A100|A30|A10|A2|\n| ------- | ------- | -------------- | ---- |----| ---- | ---- | ---- | ----| ---- |----|----|----|---|--|--|--|\n| Siamese Network |Unpruned| 2x512x128x3 | FP16 | GPU | DLA1+DLA2 | GPU | DLA1+DLA2 | GPU | DLA1+DLA2 | GPU | DLA1+DLA2 |GPU|GPU|GPU|GPU|GPU|\n| | | | | - |- | - | - | - | - | - | - |-|-|-|-|-|\n\n## How to use this model \n\nThese models need to be used with NVIDIA Hardware and Software. For Hardware, the models can run on any NVIDIA GPU including NVIDIA Jetson devices. These models can only be used with [Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/tao-toolkit), or [TensorRT](https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt).\n\nThe primary use case intended for these models is for optical inspection using RGB component level images. The model is a Siamese Network which outputs embedding vectors for image pairs to create a similarity score between them. By applying a euclidiean distance metric on the embedding vectors (golden and sample image pairs) an output score can be generated that indicates whether a component is defective or not.\n\nThese models are intended for training and fine-tune using TAO Toolkit and user datasets for image comparison. High-fidelity models can be trained to the new use cases. A Jupyter notebook is available as a part of the [TAO container](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/containers/nvidia:tao:tao-toolkit) and can be used to re-train.\n\nThe models are also intended for easy edge deployment using TensorRT. \n\n### Input\nTwo imput images:\n\nGolden: RGB Image of dimensions: 512 X 128 X 3 (W x H x C)\n\n\nSample: RGB Image of dimensions: 512 X 128 X 3 (W x H x C)\n\nChannel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (512), W = Width of the images (128)\n\n### Output\n\nGolden: Embedding: 1 X 5 (N x D)\n\nSample: Embedding: 1 X 5 (N x D)\n\nChannel Ordering of the Input: NC, where N = Batch Size, D = Number of Dimensions.\n\n#### Input image\n\nHere is a sample images for a Capacitor with the golden and sample concatenated and displayed side-by-side using a 2 x 2 grid layout \n\n $\"no$ \n\n### Instructions to use model with TAO\n\nTo use these models as pretrained weights for transfer learning, please use the snippet below as template for the `model` and `train` component of the experiment spec file to train a Siamese Network model. For more information on the experiment spec file, please refer to the [TAO Toolkit User Guide - Optical Inspection](https://gitlab-master.nvidia.com/tlt/tlt-docs/-/blob/master/docs/text/siamese_oi/siamese_oi.rst).\n\n```yaml\nmodel:\n model_type: Siamese\n model_backbone: custom\n embedding_vectors: 5\n margin: 2.0\nevaluate:\n checkpoint: \"${results_dir}/train/oi_model_epoch=004.pth\"\n```\n\n\n## Limitations \n\n### Expecting 4 LED Illuminations\n\nThe Siamese Network model was trained on RGB images using 4 LED lighting conditions namely Solder, Uniform, LowAngle and White lights. Therefore, images captured different lighting conditions or less than 4 LED illuminations may not provide good detection results.\n\n\n## References\n\n### Using TAO Pre-trained Models \n\n- Get [TAO Container](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/containers/nvidia:tao:tao-toolkit)\n- Get other Purpose-built models from NGC model registry:\n - [PeopleNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:peoplenet)\n - [TrafficCamNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:trafficcamnet)\n - [FaceDetectIR](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:facedetectir)\n - [VehicleMakeNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:vehiclemakenet)\n - [VehicleTypeNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:vehicletypenet)\n\n### Technical blogs \n\n- Read the 2 part blog on training and optimizing 2D body pose estimation model with TAO - [Part 1](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-optimizing-2d-pose-estimation-model-with-tao-toolkit-part-1) | [Part 2](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-optimizing-2d-pose-estimation-model-with-tao-toolkit-part-2)\n- Learn how to train [real-time License plate detection and recognition app](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/creating-a-real-time-license-plate-detection-and-recognition-app) with TAO and DeepStream.\n- Model accuracy is extremely important, learn how you can achieve [state of the art accuracy for classification and object detection models](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/preparing-state-of-the-art-models-for-classification-and-object-detection-with-tao-toolkit/) using TAO\n- Learn how to train [Instance segmentation model using MaskRCNN with TAO](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-instance-segmentation-models-using-maskrcnn-on-the-tao-toolkit/)\n- Learn how to improve INT8 accuracy using [Quantization aware training(QAT) with TAO](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/improving-int8-accuracy-using-quantization-aware-training-and-the-tao-toolkit/)\n- Read the technical tutorial on how [PeopleNet model can be trained with custom data using Transfer Learning Toolkit](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/training-custom-pretrained-models-using-tlt/)\n- Learn how to [train and deploy real-time intelligent video analytics apps and services using DeepStream SDK](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/building-iva-apps-using-deepstream-5.0/)\n\n### Suggested reading \n\n- More information on about TAO Toolkit and pre-trained models can be found at the [NVIDIA Developer Zone](https://developer.nvidia.com/tao-toolkit)\n- Read the [TAO getting Started](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/text/tao_quick_start_guide.html) guide and [release notes](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/text/release_notes.html).\n- If you have any questions or feedback, please refer to the discussions on [TAO Toolkit Developer Forums](https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/c/accelerated-computing/intelligent-video-analytics/tao-toolkit/17)\n- Deploy your model on the edge using DeepStream. Learn more about [DeepStream SDK](https://developer.nvidia.com/deepstream-sdk)\n\n## License \n\nLicense to use this model is covered by the Model EULA. By downloading the unpruned or pruned version of the model, you accept the terms and conditions of these [licenses](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/products/nvidia-ai-enterprise/eula/)\n\n## Ethical Considerations \n\nNVIDIA Optical Inspection model detects defects in objects using images. NVIDIA’s platforms and application frameworks enable developers to build a wide array of AI applications. Consider potential algorithmic bias when choosing or creating the models being deployed. Work with the model’s developer to ensure that it meets the requirements for the relevant industry and use case; that the necessary instruction and documentation are provided to understand error rates, confidence intervals, and results; and that the model is being used under the conditions and in the manner intended.","displayName","Optical Inspection",["D",1697481853320],"publisher","latestVersion","collectionCounts","imageUrl","/api/image/nvidia/tao/models/optical_inspection","rawImageUrl","https://dz112fgwz7ogh.cloudfront.net/logos/Nvidia-Centric-TAO.png","canGuestDownload","latestVersionSizeInBytes","licenseTerms","isMultinodeEnabled","isMultiArchitecture","bias","explainability","privacy","safetyAndSecurity","featureLabels",[],"displayLabels",[249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261],"policyLabels",[],"systemLabels",[],"products",[],"hasNimMetadata",{"_219":297,"_263":298,"_264":299,"_266":267},{"_219":293,"_263":294,"_264":295,"_266":267},{"_219":291,"_263":291,"_264":292,"_266":267},{"_219":289,"_263":289,"_264":290,"_266":267},{"_219":286,"_263":287,"_264":288,"_266":267},{"_219":282,"_263":283,"_264":284,"_266":267},{"_219":280,"_263":280,"_264":281,"_266":267},{"_219":278,"_263":278,"_264":279,"_266":267},{"_219":276,"_263":276,"_264":277,"_266":267},{"_219":273,"_263":273,"_264":274,"_266":267},{"_219":271,"_263":271,"_264":272,"_266":267},{"_219":269,"_263":269,"_264":270,"_266":267},{"_219":262,"_263":262,"_264":265,"_266":267},"Transfer Learning Toolkit","value","filter",{"_268":267,"_263":262},"category","label","field","Transfer Learning",{"_268":267,"_263":269},"TLT",{"_268":267,"_263":271},"TAO Toolkit",{"_268":275,"_263":273},"framework","TAO",{"_268":267,"_263":276},"Smart Infrastructure",{"_268":267,"_263":278},"Smart City",{"_268":267,"_263":280},"Metropolis","pltfm_metropolis",{"_268":285,"_263":283},"platform","DeepStream","pltfm_deepstream",{"_268":285,"_263":287},"Deep Learning",{"_268":267,"_263":289},"CV",{"_268":267,"_263":291},"Computer Vision","soln_computer_vision",{"_268":296,"_263":294},"technology","AI","soln_ai",{"_268":296,"_263":298},{"_129":1474,"_131":1475},"ngcApps",[1427],"csaApiBaseUrl","https://www.nvidia.com/ai-agents/csa-agent/dcsm","datadogRum",{"_1408":1409,"_1410":1411,"_1412":1413,"_1414":1415,"_1416":311,"_160":335,"_1417":1418,"_1419":60,"_1420":108,"_1421":108,"_1422":1423,"_1424":108,"_1425":1426},"amplitude",{"_1405":1406,"_1008":-7,"_1407":35},"disableJs","environment","prod","featureFlagsBlob","JTdCJTIydGVzdEZsYWclMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMnNob3dTZWFyY2hMYWJlbFNldEZpbHRlcnMlMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMmNoaW5hTmltRGlzdHJpYnV0b3JzUmVkZXNpZ24lMjIlM0F0cnVlJTJDJTIyZW5hYmxlQ3NhV2lkZ2V0JTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlMkMlMjJlbmFibGVQcm9kdWN0R3JvdXBpbmdCeVN1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiUyMiUzQWZhbHNlJTJDJTIyY29udGFpbmVyU2Nhbm5pbmdSZWRlc2lnbk0xJTIyJTNBdHJ1ZSU3RA==","featureFlagsGuarded","isDevLikeEnv","isPlaywright","isMobileDevice","categorizedOrgs",{"_1399":1400,"_1401":1402,"_1403":1404},"currentOrgContext","currentContextRoles",[],"enterpriseOrgs",[],"locale","en","ngcApiOrigin","ngcHelmOrigin","origin","https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","usesMocks","theme","year",2026,"1.7.3","defaultSearchSuggestions",{"_1283":188,"_1284":1285,"_1286":1287,"_1288":1289},"announcements",[],"consentState",{"_374":1273,"_1274":108,"_1275":35,"_1276":35,"_1277":1278},"consentConfig",{"_356":357,"_358":359,"_360":361,"_362":363,"_364":365,"_366":367,"_368":369,"_370":371,"_372":373,"_374":375},"showContactAdmin",1784134768861,[],[],[349,350,351,352,353,354],{"_49":64,"_51":74,"_53":124,"_55":-5,"_57":-5,"_59":60},{"_49":64,"_51":71,"_53":124,"_55":-5,"_57":-5,"_59":60},{"_49":64,"_51":69,"_53":124,"_55":-5,"_57":-5,"_59":60},{"_49":64,"_51":65,"_53":124,"_55":-5,"_57":-5,"_59":60},{"_49":61,"_51":62,"_53":124,"_55":-5,"_57":-5,"_59":60},{"_49":50,"_51":52,"_53":54,"_55":56,"_57":355,"_59":60},5,"mainInfoText","We and our third-party partners (including social media, advertising, and analytics partners) use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect, store, monitor, and process certain information about you when you visit our website. 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For more information about our privacy practices, please see our Privacy Policy.","mainText","Cookie Settings","alertNoticeText",{"_1265":1266,"_1267":1268,"_1269":1270,"_1271":1272},"bannerAcceptLabel","Accept All","bannerRejectLabel","Reject Optional","bannerSettingsLabel","Manage Settings","preferenceSaveLabel","Save Choices","preferenceRejectLabel","Decline All","alwaysActiveText","Always Active","groups",[376,377,378,379,380],{"_381":917,"_80":918,"_187":919,"_385":108,"_386":18,"_388":920,"_390":921},{"_381":707,"_80":708,"_187":709,"_385":35,"_386":58,"_388":710,"_390":711},{"_381":606,"_80":607,"_187":608,"_385":35,"_386":609,"_388":610,"_390":611},{"_381":392,"_80":393,"_187":394,"_385":35,"_386":355,"_388":395,"_390":396},{"_381":382,"_80":383,"_187":384,"_385":35,"_386":387,"_388":389,"_390":391},"optanonGroupId","C0005","Social Media Cookies","These cookies are set by a range of social media services that we have added to the site to enable you to share our content with your friends and networks. They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.","alwaysActive","order",11,"cookies",[],"hosts",[],"C0004","Advertising Cookies","These cookies record your visit to our websites, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed to influence the advertisements that you see on other websites. These cookies and the information they collect may be managed by other companies, including our advertising partners, and may be used to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant advertising on other sites. We and our advertising partners will use this information to make our websites and the advertising displayed on it, more relevant to your interests.",[524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558],[397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413],{"_414":520,"_219":520,"_187":188,"_388":521},{"_414":515,"_219":515,"_187":188,"_388":516},{"_414":511,"_219":511,"_187":188,"_388":512},{"_414":506,"_219":506,"_187":188,"_388":507},{"_414":501,"_219":501,"_187":188,"_388":502},{"_414":489,"_219":489,"_187":188,"_388":490},{"_414":477,"_219":477,"_187":188,"_388":478},{"_414":472,"_219":472,"_187":188,"_388":473},{"_414":461,"_219":461,"_187":188,"_388":462},{"_414":456,"_219":456,"_187":188,"_388":457},{"_414":451,"_219":451,"_187":188,"_388":452},{"_414":446,"_219":446,"_187":188,"_388":447},{"_414":441,"_219":441,"_187":188,"_388":442},{"_414":436,"_219":436,"_187":188,"_388":437},{"_414":431,"_219":431,"_187":188,"_388":432},{"_414":424,"_219":424,"_187":188,"_388":425},{"_414":415,"_219":415,"_187":188,"_388":416},"hostName","amazon-adsystem.com",[417,418],{"_80":423,"_420":415,"_421":35,"_187":422},{"_80":419,"_420":415,"_421":35,"_187":422},"ad-privacy","host","isSession","This domain is owned by online retailer Amazon and is used as part of its affiliate marketing programme.","ad-id","doubleclick.net",[426,427],{"_80":430,"_420":424,"_421":35,"_187":429},{"_80":428,"_420":424,"_421":35,"_187":429},"IDE","This domain is owned by Doubleclick (Google). 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It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier.","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_identity","_rdt_pn","www.nvidia.com","This cookie name is associated with www.mind.org.uk which is used for marketing purposes.","ai-podcast.nvidia.com","This cookie is used to identify the user's session on the website and is often associated with analytics or personalization.","_gcl_au","Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services","_mkto_trk","This cookie is associated with an email marketing service provided by Marketo. This tracking cookie allows a website to link visitor behaviour to the recipient of an email marketing campaign, to measure campaign effectiveness.","_gat_gtag_UA_140825383_2","Google Analytics","_zitok","This cookie name is associated with ZoomInfo which is used to maintain a unique visitor identifier and store Personally Identifiable Information.","_rdt_uuid","This cookie is set by Reddit and is used for tracking the views of embedded videos and performance of the advertisements.","AMP_91bf70adfe","Supports Amplitude product analytics.","This cookie name is associated with StackAdapt Inc. which is used to support the effective management and optimization of digital advertising campaigns by handling information such as visitor actions on websites, visited pages, time spent, page load speed, and more.","build.nvidia.com","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_cluster","_cs_nnnnnnnnnnnnn","This is a session cookie. 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It is commonly used for analytics and personalization of content.","marketplace.nvidia.com","AMP_MKTG_92dea1e784","This cookie is typically associated with SnackTools, which is a suite of web applications for creating and sharing multimedia content. It is used to identify a user across sessions and track user activities.","forums.developer.nvidia.com","This cookie is typically associated with the use of Taptap Digital, a company specializing in digital advertising. It is used for tracking and ad personalization purposes.","_tt_enable_cookie","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to collect data about behavior and purchases on the website and to measure the effect of advertising. It is also used to track website activity to help optimize advertising efforts.","AMCV_xxxxxAdobeOrg","This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor for tracking purposes by Adobe Experience Cloud.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.","ttcsid","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to enable TikTok Ads session tracking by assigning a unique session ID to users who click on TikTok ads, allowing for the attribution of user behavior and conversions within the same session.This cookie is associated with TikTok. It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","AMP_MKTG_91bf70adfe","C0003","Personalization Cookies","These cookies collect data about how you have interacted with our website to help us improve your web experience, such as which pages you have visited. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These cookies enable us to provide enhanced website functionality and personalization as well as make the marketing messages we send to you more relevant to your interests. If you do not allow these cookies, then some or all of these services may not function properly.",4,[647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667],[612,613,614,615,616],{"_414":506,"_219":506,"_187":188,"_388":638},{"_414":472,"_219":472,"_187":188,"_388":633},{"_414":626,"_219":626,"_187":188,"_388":627},{"_414":622,"_219":622,"_187":188,"_388":623},{"_414":617,"_219":617,"_187":188,"_388":618},"nvcrm.my.site.com",[619],{"_80":620,"_420":617,"_421":35,"_187":621},"BrowserId","If you know anything about this cookie and its uses that are not specific to a particular site please add your contributions.","nvidia.partners",[624],{"_80":625,"_420":622,"_421":35,"_187":455},"edge","github.com",[628,629],{"_80":632,"_420":626,"_421":35,"_187":631},{"_80":630,"_420":626,"_421":35,"_187":631},"logged_in","This domain is owned by Github. 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The data is aggregated and analyzed; therefore, it remains anonymous upon use.\n","nvHeadless","This cookie is likely used to track if a user is using the site in a 'headless' non-GUI mode, which could be for accessibility reasons or for automated processes.","_biz_nA","C0002","Performance Cookies","These cookies are used to provide quantitative measures of our website visitors, such as the number of times you visit, time on page, your mouse movements, scrolling, clicks and keystroke activity on the websites; other browsing, search, or product research behavior; and what brought you to our site. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. Information collected with these cookies is used to measure and find ways to improve website 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