Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation Model Card (Research-only)

Model Overview

The model described in this model card detects building change maps from a pair of co-registered remote sensing images (RSI). The inputs are a pair of co-registered pre-change golden image and a post-change test image of the same area under observation captured using RSI and the output is a binary segmentation change map denoting the change between the two images.

Model Architecture

Visual ChangeNet is a state of the art transformer-based Change Detection model. Visual ChangeNet is based on Siamese Network, which is a class of neural network architectures containing two or more identical subnetworks. The training algorithm works by updating the parameters across all the sub-networks in tandem. In TAO, Visual ChangeNet supports two images as input where the end goal is to either classify or segment the change between the \"golden or reference\" image and the \"test\" image. TAO supports the FAN backbone network for both Visual ChangeNet architectures. For more details about training FAN backbones, see the Pre-trained FAN based ImageNet Classification. In TAO, two different types of Change Detection networks are supported:

Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation - for segmentation of change between to input images.
Visual ChangeNet-Classification - for classification of change between to input images.

Visual ChangeNet-Classification is specifically intended for change classification. In this model card, the Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model is leveraged to demonstrate building change detection using LEVIR-CD dataset for remote-sensing imagery. The model uses a pretrained FAN backbone, trained on NVImageNet dataset, and then fine-tunes on the LEVIR-CD dataset.

Training

This model was trained using the visual_changenet entrypoint in TAO. The training algorithm optimizes the network to minimize the cross-entropy loss for every pixel of the mask.

Training Data

Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model was trained on open-source remote sensing (RS) building change detection dataset called LEVIR-CD. The training dataset consists of 10,192 pair-wise co-registered images.\nLEVIR-CD is a building CD dataset that contains RS image pairs of resolution 1024 × 1024. From these images,\nwe crop non-overlapping patches of size 256 × 256. They are randomly split into three parts to make train, val, and test sets\nof samples 7120, 1024 and 2048 respectively.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

tr:nth-child(odd)]:bg-surface-sunken\">

Dataset	No. of images
LEVIR-CD	10,192

Following is a sample image showing a changed scenario.

\n $\"no$ \n

Performance

Evaluation Data

The model performance was evaluated on a validation dataset which had a total of 2048 images.

Methodology and KPI

The performance of the Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model is mainly measured using overall accuracy and precision, recall and IoU score for the change class.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

tr:nth-child(odd)]:bg-surface-sunken\">

Model	Model Architecture	Testing Images	Precision	Recall	IoU	F1	Overall Accuracy
Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation	Siamese Network	2048	93.75	89.78	84.7	91.72	99.17

Real-time Inference Performance

The inference is run on the provided unpruned model at FP16 precision. The inference performance is run using trtexec on Jetson AGX Xavier, Xavier NX, Orin, Orin NX and NVIDIA T4, and Ampere GPUs. The Jetson devices are running at Max-N configuration for maximum GPU frequency. The performance shown here is the inference only performance. The end-to-end performance with streaming video data might vary depending on other bottlenecks in the hardware and software.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

tr:nth-child(odd)]:bg-surface-sunken\">

Platform	BS	FPS
Orin Nano 8GB	16	15.19
Orin NX 16GB	16	21.92
AGX Orin 64GB	16	55.07

How to Use this Model

These models need to be used with NVIDIA hardware and software. For hardware, the models can run on any NVIDIA GPU including NVIDIA Jetson devices. These models can only be used with Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit, or TensorRT.

The primary use case intended for these models is for Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation using RGB component level images. The model is a Siamese Network which outputs semantic change maps denoting pixel-level change between the two images.

These models are intended for training and fine-tune using TAO Toolkit and user datasets for image comparison. High-fidelity models can be trained to the new use cases. A Jupyter notebook is available as a part of the TAO container and can be used to re-train.

The models are also intended for edge deployment using TensorRT.

Input

Two imput images:

Pre-Change: RGB Image of dimensions: 256 X 256 X 3 (H x W x C)

Post-Change: RGB Image of dimensions: 256 X 256 X 3 (H x W x C)

Channel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (256), W = Width of the images (256)

Output

Segmentation change map with the same spatial resolution as the input images: 256 X 256 X 2 (H x W x C), where C = number of output change classes.

Input Image

Here is a sample image for a pre and post change images along with ground-truth segmentation change map side-by-side.

\n $\"no$ \n

Using the model with TAO

To use these models as pretrained weights for transfer learning, please use the snippet below as template for the model and train component of the experiment spec file to train a Siamese Network model. For more information on the experiment spec file, see the TAO Toolkit User Guide - Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation.

model:\n  backbone:\n    type: \"fan_small_12_p4_hybrid\"\n    pretrained_backbone_path: null\nevaluate:\n    model_path: \"???\"\n

Limitations

Expecting Co-registered Remote Sensing Imagery

The Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation Network model was trained on pair-wise co-registered RS imagery and might not perform well for mis-aligned image pairs not captured using RSI.

Model Versions

changenet_levircd_trainable_v1.0 - FAN-Hybrid Base Visual ChangeNet-Classification model LEVIR-CD trainable.
changenet_levircd_deployable_v1.0 - FAN-Hybrid Base Visual ChangeNet-Classification model LEVIR-CD deployable to deepstream.

References

Using TAO Pre-trained Models

Get TAO Container
Get other Purpose-built models from NGC model registry:\n
- PeopleNet
- TrafficCamNet
- FaceDetectIR
- VehicleMakeNet
- VehicleTypeNet
\n

Technical Blogs

Read the 2 part blog on training and optimizing 2D body pose estimation model with TAO - Part 1 | Part 2
Learn how to train real-time License plate detection and recognition app with TAO and DeepStream.
Model accuracy is extremely important, learn how you can achieve state of the art accuracy for classification and object detection models using TAO
Learn how to train Instance segmentation model using MaskRCNN with TAO
Read the technical tutorial on how PeopleNet model can be trained with custom data using Transfer Learning Toolkit
Learn how to train and deploy real-time intelligent video analytics apps and services using DeepStream SDK

License

License to use this model is covered by CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0. By downloading the unpruned or pruned version of the model, you accept the terms and conditions of these licenses.

Ethical Considerations

NVIDIA Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model detects changes between pair-wise images. NVIDIA’s platforms and application frameworks enable developers to build a wide array of AI applications. Consider potential algorithmic bias when choosing or creating the models being deployed. Work with the model’s developer to ensure that it meets the requirements for the relevant industry and use case; that the necessary instruction and documentation are provided to understand error rates, confidence intervals, and results; and that the model is being used under the conditions and in the manner intended.

","resourceVersions",[194,195,196],"resourceVersionsTotal",2,"hasMoreVersions","versionMetadata",{"_168":23,"_169":170,"_49":171,"_172":-5,"_173":174,"_175":176,"_177":81,"_178":16,"_179":31,"_180":-5,"_181":31,"_182":-5,"_183":31,"_184":-5,"_185":31,"_186":-5,"_187":31,"_188":-5,"_189":31,"_190":-5,"_191":31,"_192":193},"versionNotFound","isLoggedIn","latestVersionPath","/orgs/nvidia/tao/models/visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd/-","version","imageReference","cliDownloadCommand","ngc registry model download-version nvidia/tao/visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd:visual_changenet_levircd_trainable_v1.0","helmFetchCommand","viewAllVersionsPath","/orgs/nvidia/tao/models/visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd/-/version-history","accessCheckResult",{"_167":87},"hasRelatedCollections","context",{"_163":164,"_165":166},1783487450839,[],[],[156,157,158,159,160,161,162],{"_45":60,"_47":71,"_49":62,"_51":63,"_53":72,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":69,"_49":62,"_51":63,"_53":70,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":67,"_49":62,"_51":63,"_53":68,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":65,"_49":103,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":61,"_49":62,"_51":63,"_53":64,"_55":56},{"_45":57,"_47":58,"_49":50,"_51":52,"_53":59,"_55":56},{"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50,"_51":52,"_53":54,"_55":56},"orgName","nvidia","teamName","tao","allowed","versionId","description","","UPLOAD_COMPLETE","releaseType","createdDate",["D",1697480542090],"updatedDate",["D",1740843072952],"totalSizeInBytes","totalFileCount","isSigned","malwareScanStatus","isScanned","releaseNotes","hasReleaseNotes","setup","hasSetup","quickStartGuide","hasQuickStartGuide","advanced","hasAdvanced","performance","hasPerformance","policies",[],{"_77":21,"_79":200,"_172":-5,"_179":31,"_181":31,"_192":199,"_183":31},{"_77":23,"_79":23,"_172":-5,"_179":31,"_181":31,"_192":199,"_183":31},{"_77":197,"_79":197,"_172":-5,"_179":31,"_181":31,"_192":198,"_183":31},"visual_changenet_levircd_deployable_v1.0",[],[],"Latest (visual_changenet_levircd_trainable_v1.0)","nvidia/tao/visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd","key","nvidia/tao/models/visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd","resourceType","models","resourceId","visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd","shortDescription","Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation (Research-only)","## Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation Model Card (Research-only)\n\n### Model Overview \n\nThe model described in this model card detects building change maps from a pair of co-registered remote sensing images (RSI). The inputs are a pair of co-registered pre-change golden image and a post-change test image of the same area under observation captured using RSI and the output is a binary segmentation change map denoting the change between the two images.\n\n### Model Architecture \n\nVisual ChangeNet is a state of the art transformer-based Change Detection model. Visual ChangeNet is based on Siamese Network, which is a class of neural network architectures containing two or more identical subnetworks. The training algorithm works by updating the parameters across all the sub-networks in tandem. In TAO, Visual ChangeNet supports two images as input where the end goal is to either classify or segment the change between the \"golden or reference\" image and the \"test\" image. TAO supports the [FAN](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12451) backbone network for both Visual ChangeNet architectures. For more details about training FAN backbones, see the [Pre-trained FAN based ImageNet Classification](https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/teams/tao/models/pretrained_fan_classification_imagenet). In TAO, two different types of Change Detection networks are supported:\n\n* Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation - for segmentation of change between to input images.\n* Visual ChangeNet-Classification - for classification of change between to input images.\n\nVisual ChangeNet-Classification is specifically intended for change classification. In this model card, the Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model is leveraged to demonstrate building change detection using LEVIR-CD dataset for remote-sensing imagery. The model uses a pretrained FAN backbone, trained on NVImageNet dataset, and then fine-tunes on the LEVIR-CD dataset.\n\n### Training \n\nThis model was trained using the `visual_changenet` entrypoint in TAO. The training algorithm optimizes the network to minimize the cross-entropy loss for every pixel of the mask.\n\n#### Training Data \n\nVisual ChangeNet-Segmentation model was trained on open-source remote sensing (RS) building change detection dataset called LEVIR-CD. The training dataset consists of 10,192 pair-wise co-registered images.\nLEVIR-CD is a building CD dataset that contains RS image pairs of resolution 1024 × 1024. From these images,\nwe crop non-overlapping patches of size 256 × 256. They are randomly split into three parts to make train, val, and test sets\nof samples 7120, 1024 and 2048 respectively.\n\n| Dataset | No. of images |\n|--|--|\n|LEVIR-CD| 10,192 |\n\nFollowing is a sample image showing a changed scenario.\n\n $\"no$ \n\n### Performance\n\n#### Evaluation Data \n\nThe model performance was evaluated on a validation dataset which had a total of 2048 images.\n\n##### Methodology and KPI\n\nThe performance of the Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model is mainly measured using overall accuracy and precision, recall and IoU score for the change class.\n\n| Model | Model Architecture | Testing Images | Precision | Recall | IoU | F1 | Overall Accuracy |\n|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|\n| Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation | Siamese Network | 2048 | 93.75 | 89.78 | 84.7 | 91.72 | 99.17 |\n\n#### Real-time Inference Performance \n\nThe inference is run on the provided unpruned model at FP16 precision. The inference performance is run using [`trtexec`](https://github.com/NVIDIA/TensorRT/tree/main/samples/trtexec) on Jetson AGX Xavier, Xavier NX, Orin, Orin NX and NVIDIA T4, and Ampere GPUs. The Jetson devices are running at Max-N configuration for maximum GPU frequency. The performance shown here is the inference only performance. The end-to-end performance with streaming video data might vary depending on other bottlenecks in the hardware and software.\n\n| Platform | BS | FPS |\n|------------------|-----|--------|\n| Orin Nano 8GB | 16 | 15.19 |\n| Orin NX 16GB | 16 | 21.92 |\n| AGX Orin 64GB | 16 | 55.07 |\n\n### How to Use this Model \n\nThese models need to be used with NVIDIA hardware and software. For hardware, the models can run on any NVIDIA GPU including NVIDIA Jetson devices. These models can only be used with [Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/tao-toolkit), or [TensorRT](https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt).\n\nThe primary use case intended for these models is for Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation using RGB component level images. The model is a Siamese Network which outputs semantic change maps denoting pixel-level change between the two images.\n\nThese models are intended for training and fine-tune using TAO Toolkit and user datasets for image comparison. High-fidelity models can be trained to the new use cases. A Jupyter notebook is available as a part of the [TAO container](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/containers/nvidia:tao:tao-toolkit) and can be used to re-train.\n\nThe models are also intended for edge deployment using TensorRT.\n\n#### Input\n\nTwo imput images:\n\nPre-Change: RGB Image of dimensions: 256 X 256 X 3 (H x W x C)\n\nPost-Change: RGB Image of dimensions: 256 X 256 X 3 (H x W x C)\n\nChannel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (256), W = Width of the images (256)\n\n#### Output\n\nSegmentation change map with the same spatial resolution as the input images: 256 X 256 X 2 (H x W x C), where C = number of output change classes.\n\n##### Input Image\n\nHere is a sample image for a pre and post change images along with ground-truth segmentation change map side-by-side.\n\n $\"no$ \n\n#### Using the model with TAO\n\nTo use these models as pretrained weights for transfer learning, please use the snippet below as template for the `model` and `train` component of the experiment spec file to train a Siamese Network model. For more information on the experiment spec file, see the [TAO Toolkit User Guide - Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation](https://gitlab-master.nvidia.com/tlt/tlt-docs/-/blob/master/docs/text/visual_changenet/visual_changenet_segment.rst).\n\n```yaml\nmodel:\n backbone:\n type: \"fan_small_12_p4_hybrid\"\n pretrained_backbone_path: null\nevaluate:\n model_path: \"???\"\n```\n\n### Limitations \n\n#### Expecting Co-registered Remote Sensing Imagery\n\nThe Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation Network model was trained on pair-wise co-registered RS imagery and might not perform well for mis-aligned image pairs not captured using RSI.\n\n### Model Versions\n\n- **changenet_levircd_trainable_v1.0** - FAN-Hybrid Base Visual ChangeNet-Classification model LEVIR-CD trainable.\n- **changenet_levircd_deployable_v1.0** - FAN-Hybrid Base Visual ChangeNet-Classification model LEVIR-CD deployable to deepstream.\n\n### References\n\n#### Using TAO Pre-trained Models \n\n- Get [TAO Container](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/containers/nvidia:tao:tao-toolkit)\n- Get other Purpose-built models from NGC model registry:\n - [PeopleNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:peoplenet)\n - [TrafficCamNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:trafficcamnet)\n - [FaceDetectIR](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:facedetectir)\n - [VehicleMakeNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:vehiclemakenet)\n - [VehicleTypeNet](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/models/nvidia:tao:vehicletypenet)\n\n#### Technical Blogs \n\n- Read the 2 part blog on training and optimizing 2D body pose estimation model with TAO - [Part 1](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-optimizing-2d-pose-estimation-model-with-tao-toolkit-part-1) | [Part 2](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-optimizing-2d-pose-estimation-model-with-tao-toolkit-part-2)\n- Learn how to train [real-time License plate detection and recognition app](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/creating-a-real-time-license-plate-detection-and-recognition-app) with TAO and DeepStream.\n- Model accuracy is extremely important, learn how you can achieve [state of the art accuracy for classification and object detection models](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/preparing-state-of-the-art-models-for-classification-and-object-detection-with-tao-toolkit/) using TAO\n- Learn how to train [Instance segmentation model using MaskRCNN with TAO](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-instance-segmentation-models-using-maskrcnn-on-tao-toolkit/)\n- Read the technical tutorial on how [PeopleNet model can be trained with custom data using Transfer Learning Toolkit](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/training-custom-pretrained-models-using-tlt/)\n- Learn how to [train and deploy real-time intelligent video analytics apps and services using DeepStream SDK](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/building-iva-apps-using-deepstream-5.0/)\n\n#### Suggested Reading \n\n- More information on about TAO Toolkit and pre-trained models can be found at the [NVIDIA Developer Zone](https://developer.nvidia.com/tao-toolkit)\n- Read the [TAO Quick Start](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/text/tao_toolkit_quick_start_guide.html) guide and [release notes](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/text/release_notes.html).\n- If you have any questions or feedback, see the discussions on [TAO Toolkit Developer Forums](https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/c/accelerated-computing/intelligent-video-analytics/tao-toolkit/17)\n- Deploy your model on the edge using DeepStream. Learn more about [DeepStream SDK](https://developer.nvidia.com/deepstream-sdk)\n\n### License \n\nLicense to use this model is covered by CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0. By downloading the unpruned or pruned version of the model, you accept the terms and conditions of these [licenses](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.ml).\n\n### Ethical Considerations \n\nNVIDIA Visual ChangeNet-Segmentation model detects changes between pair-wise images. NVIDIA’s platforms and application frameworks enable developers to build a wide array of AI applications. Consider potential algorithmic bias when choosing or creating the models being deployed. Work with the model’s developer to ensure that it meets the requirements for the relevant industry and use case; that the necessary instruction and documentation are provided to understand error rates, confidence intervals, and results; and that the model is being used under the conditions and in the manner intended.","displayName","Visual ChangeNet Segmentation - (Research-only)",["D",1731434331944],"publisher","latestVersion","versions","collectionCounts","imageUrl","/api/image/nvidia/tao/models/visual_changenet_segmentation_levircd","rawImageUrl","https://dz112fgwz7ogh.cloudfront.net/logos/Nvidia-Centric-TAO.png","canGuestDownload","latestVersionSizeInBytes",140683061,"licenseTerms","isMultinodeEnabled","isMultiArchitecture","bias","explainability","privacy","safetyAndSecurity","featureLabels",[],"displayLabels",[243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250],"policyLabels",[],"systemLabels",[],"products",[],"hasNimMetadata",{"_211":271,"_252":272,"_253":273,"_255":256},{"_211":269,"_252":269,"_253":270,"_255":256},{"_211":267,"_252":267,"_253":268,"_255":256},{"_211":265,"_252":265,"_253":266,"_255":256},{"_211":263,"_252":263,"_253":264,"_255":256},{"_211":261,"_252":261,"_253":262,"_255":256},{"_211":259,"_252":259,"_253":260,"_255":256},{"_211":251,"_252":251,"_253":254,"_255":256},"TAO Toolkit","value","filter",{"_257":258,"_252":251},"category","label","field","framework","TAO",{"_257":256,"_252":259},"Optical Inspection",{"_257":256,"_252":261},"NSPECT-RDEU-6EYG",{"_257":256,"_252":263},"Industrial Inspection",{"_257":256,"_252":265},"Deep Learning",{"_257":256,"_252":267},"CV",{"_257":256,"_252":269},"Computer Vision","soln_computer_vision",{"_257":274,"_252":272},"technology",{"_108":1448,"_110":1449},"ngcApps",[1401],"csaApiBaseUrl","https://www.nvidia.com/ai-agents/csa-agent/dcsm","datadogRum",{"_1382":1383,"_1384":1385,"_1386":1387,"_1388":1389,"_1390":286,"_140":310,"_1391":1392,"_1393":56,"_1394":87,"_1395":87,"_1396":1397,"_1398":87,"_1399":1400},"amplitude",{"_1379":1380,"_982":-7,"_1381":31},"disableJs","environment","prod","featureFlagsBlob","JTdCJTIydGVzdEZsYWclMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMnNob3dTZWFyY2hMYWJlbFNldEZpbHRlcnMlMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMmNoaW5hTmltRGlzdHJpYnV0b3JzUmVkZXNpZ24lMjIlM0F0cnVlJTJDJTIyZW5hYmxlQ3NhV2lkZ2V0JTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlMkMlMjJlbmFibGVQcm9kdWN0R3JvdXBpbmdCeVN1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiUyMiUzQWZhbHNlJTJDJTIyY29udGFpbmVyU2Nhbm5pbmdSZWRlc2lnbk0xJTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlN0Q=","featureFlagsGuarded","isDevLikeEnv","isPlaywright","isMobileDevice","categorizedOrgs",{"_1373":1374,"_1375":1376,"_1377":1378},"currentOrgContext","currentContextRoles",[],"enterpriseOrgs",[],"locale","en","ngcApiOrigin","ngcHelmOrigin","origin","https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","usesMocks","theme","year",2026,"1.7.2","defaultSearchSuggestions",{"_1257":170,"_1258":1259,"_1260":1261,"_1262":1263},"announcements",[],"consentState",{"_347":1247,"_1248":87,"_1249":31,"_1250":31,"_1251":1252},"consentConfig",{"_329":330,"_331":332,"_333":334,"_335":336,"_337":338,"_339":340,"_341":342,"_343":344,"_345":346,"_347":348},"showContactAdmin",1783487450693,[],[],[324,325,326,327,328],{"_45":60,"_47":71,"_49":103,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":69,"_49":103,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":61,"_49":103,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":57,"_47":58,"_49":103,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":103,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},"mainInfoText","We and our third-party partners (including social media, advertising, and analytics partners) use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect, store, monitor, and process certain information about you when you visit our website. 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They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.","alwaysActive","order",11,"cookies",[],"hosts",[],"C0004","Advertising Cookies","These cookies record your visit to our websites, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed to influence the advertisements that you see on other websites. These cookies and the information they collect may be managed by other companies, including our advertising partners, and may be used to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant advertising on other sites. We and our advertising partners will use this information to make our websites and the advertising displayed on it, more relevant to your interests.",5,[498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532],[371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387],{"_388":494,"_211":494,"_169":170,"_361":495},{"_388":489,"_211":489,"_169":170,"_361":490},{"_388":485,"_211":485,"_169":170,"_361":486},{"_388":480,"_211":480,"_169":170,"_361":481},{"_388":475,"_211":475,"_169":170,"_361":476},{"_388":463,"_211":463,"_169":170,"_361":464},{"_388":451,"_211":451,"_169":170,"_361":452},{"_388":446,"_211":446,"_169":170,"_361":447},{"_388":435,"_211":435,"_169":170,"_361":436},{"_388":430,"_211":430,"_169":170,"_361":431},{"_388":425,"_211":425,"_169":170,"_361":426},{"_388":420,"_211":420,"_169":170,"_361":421},{"_388":415,"_211":415,"_169":170,"_361":416},{"_388":410,"_211":410,"_169":170,"_361":411},{"_388":405,"_211":405,"_169":170,"_361":406},{"_388":398,"_211":398,"_169":170,"_361":399},{"_388":389,"_211":389,"_169":170,"_361":390},"hostName","amazon-adsystem.com",[391,392],{"_79":397,"_394":389,"_395":31,"_169":396},{"_79":393,"_394":389,"_395":31,"_169":396},"ad-privacy","host","isSession","This domain is owned by online retailer Amazon and is used as part of its affiliate marketing programme.","ad-id","doubleclick.net",[400,401],{"_79":404,"_394":398,"_395":31,"_169":403},{"_79":402,"_394":398,"_395":31,"_169":403},"IDE","This domain is owned by Doubleclick (Google). 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It is used as a URL shortening service, which allows Twitter to collect data on how links are shared.","snowplow.com",[427],{"_79":428,"_394":425,"_395":31,"_169":429},"sp","Testing","google.com",[432],{"_79":433,"_394":430,"_395":31,"_169":434},"NID","This domain is owned by Google Inc. Although Google is primarily known as a search engine, the company provides a diverse range of products and services. Its main source of revenue however is advertising. Google tracks users extensively both through its own products and sites, and the numerous technologies embedded into many millions of websites around the world. It uses the data gathered from most of these services to profile the interests of web users and sell advertising space to organisations based on such interest profiles as well as aligning adverts to the content on the pages where its customer's adverts appear.","tags.srv.stackadapt.com",[437,438,439,440],{"_79":445,"_394":435,"_395":31,"_169":442},{"_79":444,"_394":435,"_395":31,"_169":442},{"_79":443,"_394":435,"_395":31,"_169":442},{"_79":441,"_394":435,"_395":31,"_169":442},"sa-user-id-v3","This domain is associated with StackAdapt, a platform for programmatic advertising, which suggests that it is used for targeting and advertising purposes.","sa-user-id","sa-user-id-v2","sa-user-id-v4","linkedin.com",[448],{"_79":449,"_394":446,"_395":31,"_169":450},"bcookie","This domain is owned by LinkedIn, the business networking platform. It typically acts as a third party host where website owners have placed one of its content sharing buttons in their pages, although its content and services can be embedded in other ways. Although such buttons add functionality to the website they are on, cookies are set regardless of whether or not the visitor has an active Linkedin profile, or agreed to their terms and conditions. For this reason it is classified as a primarily tracking/targeting domain.","twitter.com",[453,454,455,456],{"_79":462,"_394":451,"_395":31,"_169":458},{"_79":460,"_394":451,"_395":31,"_169":461},{"_79":459,"_394":451,"_395":31,"_169":458},{"_79":457,"_394":451,"_395":31,"_169":458},"personalization_id","This domain is owned by Twitter. The main business activity is: Social Networking Services. Where twitter acts as a third party host, it collects data through a range of plug-ins and integrations, that is primarily used for tracking and targeting.","guest_id_marketing","guest_id","Twitter does not currently provide information on the use of specific cookies.","guest_id_ads","youtube.com",[465,466,467,468],{"_79":474,"_394":463,"_395":31,"_169":472},{"_79":473,"_394":463,"_395":31,"_169":472},{"_79":471,"_394":463,"_395":31,"_169":472},{"_79":469,"_394":463,"_395":31,"_169":470},"VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE","This cookie is used as a unique identifier to track viewing of videos","__Secure-YNID","YouTube is a Google owned platform for hosting and sharing videos. YouTube collects user data through videos embedded in websites, which is aggregated with profile data from other Google services in order to display targeted advertising to web visitors across a broad range of their own and other websites.","__Secure-YEC","__Secure-ROLLOUT_TOKEN","demdex.net",[477],{"_79":478,"_394":475,"_395":31,"_169":479},"demdex","This cookie helps Adobe Audience Manger perform basic functions such as visitor identification, ID synchronization, segmentation, modeling, reporting, etc.","im-apps.net",[482],{"_79":483,"_394":480,"_395":31,"_169":484},"receive-cookie-deprecation","This domain is owned by im-apps.net which provides information and resources about various instant messaging (IM) applications to help users make informed decisions based on their communication needs.","influ2.com",[487],{"_79":488,"_394":485,"_395":31,"_169":429},"R","6sc.co",[491],{"_79":492,"_394":489,"_395":31,"_169":493},"6suuid","This domain is associated with the company 6Sense Insights, Inc., which provides predictive analytics and account engagement services. 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It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier.","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_identity","_rdt_pn","www.nvidia.com","This cookie name is associated with www.mind.org.uk which is used for marketing purposes.","ai-podcast.nvidia.com","This cookie is used to identify the user's session on the website and is often associated with analytics or personalization.","_gcl_au","Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services","_mkto_trk","This cookie is associated with an email marketing service provided by Marketo. This tracking cookie allows a website to link visitor behaviour to the recipient of an email marketing campaign, to measure campaign effectiveness.","_gat_gtag_UA_140825383_2","Google Analytics","_zitok","This cookie name is associated with ZoomInfo which is used to maintain a unique visitor identifier and store Personally Identifiable Information.","_rdt_uuid","This cookie is set by Reddit and is used for tracking the views of embedded videos and performance of the advertisements.","AMP_91bf70adfe","Supports Amplitude product analytics.","This cookie name is associated with StackAdapt Inc. which is used to support the effective management and optimization of digital advertising campaigns by handling information such as visitor actions on websites, visited pages, time spent, page load speed, and more.","build.nvidia.com","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_cluster","_cs_nnnnnnnnnnnnn","This is a session cookie. 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It is commonly used for analytics and personalization of content.","marketplace.nvidia.com","AMP_MKTG_92dea1e784","This cookie is typically associated with SnackTools, which is a suite of web applications for creating and sharing multimedia content. It is used to identify a user across sessions and track user activities.","forums.developer.nvidia.com","This cookie is typically associated with the use of Taptap Digital, a company specializing in digital advertising. It is used for tracking and ad personalization purposes.","_tt_enable_cookie","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to collect data about behavior and purchases on the website and to measure the effect of advertising. It is also used to track website activity to help optimize advertising efforts.","AMCV_xxxxxAdobeOrg","This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor for tracking purposes by Adobe Experience Cloud.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.","ttcsid","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to enable TikTok Ads session tracking by assigning a unique session ID to users who click on TikTok ads, allowing for the attribution of user behavior and conversions within the same session.This cookie is associated with TikTok. It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","AMP_MKTG_91bf70adfe","C0003","Personalization Cookies","These cookies collect data about how you have interacted with our website to help us improve your web experience, such as which pages you have visited. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These cookies enable us to provide enhanced website functionality and personalization as well as make the marketing messages we send to you more relevant to your interests. If you do not allow these cookies, then some or all of these services may not function properly.",[620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640],[585,586,587,588,589],{"_388":480,"_211":480,"_169":170,"_361":611},{"_388":446,"_211":446,"_169":170,"_361":606},{"_388":599,"_211":599,"_169":170,"_361":600},{"_388":595,"_211":595,"_169":170,"_361":596},{"_388":590,"_211":590,"_169":170,"_361":591},"nvcrm.my.site.com",[592],{"_79":593,"_394":590,"_395":31,"_169":594},"BrowserId","If you know anything about this cookie and its uses that are not specific to a particular site please add your contributions.","nvidia.partners",[597],{"_79":598,"_394":595,"_395":31,"_169":429},"edge","github.com",[601,602],{"_79":605,"_394":599,"_395":31,"_169":604},{"_79":603,"_394":599,"_395":31,"_169":604},"logged_in","This domain is owned by Github. 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Information collected with these cookies is used to measure and find ways to improve website 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