CenterPose Model Card - Multiple Categories

Model Overview

Description:

The Multi-category CenterPose model detects the projections of Three-Dimensional (3D) key points, estimates a 6-Degree of Freedom (DOF) pose, and creates a 3D bounding box. This model is ready for commercial use.

License:

License to use these models is covered by the NVIDIA Open Model License. By downloading the model, you accept the terms and conditions of these licenses.

References:

Citations

\n
Yunzhi Lin, Jonathan Tremblay, Stephen Tyree, Patricio Vela, and Stan Birchfield. \"Single-Stage Keypoint-based Category-level Object Pose Estimation from an RGB Image.\" IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). 2022.
\n
\n
Daquan Zhou, Zhiding Yu, Enze Xie, Chaowei Xiao, Anima Anandkumar, Jiashi Feng and Jose M. Alvarez. \"Understanding The Robustness in Vision Transformers\". International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML). 2022.
\n
\n
Fisher Yu, Dequan Wang, Evan Shelhamer and Trevor Darrell. \"Deep Layer Aggregation\". Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2018.
\n
\n
Adel Ahmadyan, Liangkai Zhang, Artsiom Ablavatski, Jianing Wei, Matthias Grundmann. \"Objectron: A Large Scale Dataset of Object-Centric Videos in the Wild with Pose Annotations\". IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2021.
\n

Model Architecture:

Architecture Type: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and transformer-based
\nNetwork Architecture: DLA34 and FAN-Small-Hybrid

This model supports two different types of backbone networks as the feature extractor, including DLA34 and FAN-Small-Hybrid. The DLA34 is a standard Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) backbone, while the FAN-Small-Hybrid is a transformer-based classification backbone.

The network architecture processes a re-scaled and padded RGB image. Using the DLA34/FAN-Small-Hybrid feature extractor combined with an upsampling module, the network outputs distinct heads that predict the projections of 3D bounding box keypoints and relative cuboid dimensions. After detecting objects in the image space, the estimated relative cuboid dimensions enables you to utilize robust, off-the-shelf PnP algorithms for the pose estimation.

Input:

Input Type(s): Images
\nInput Format(s): Red, Green, Blue (RGB)
\nInput Parameters: Three-Dimensional (3D)
\nOther Properties Related to Input: RGB Image of dimensions: 512 X 512 X 3 (W x H x C). Channel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (512), W = Width of the images (512)

Output:

Output Type(s): 3D Bounding-Box, Cuboid Dimensions and 6-DoF (Degrees of Freedom)
\nOutput Format: 9 Three-Dimensional (3D) Bounding Box Vertices: (x-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z-coordinate), Cuboid Dimensions (Relative to 3D Bounding Box): (X-scale, Y-scale, Z-scale), 6-DoF: Floating Points
\nOther Properties Related to Output: The +y is up (aligned with the gravity, green line); The +x follows right hand rule (red line); The +z is the front face (blue line).

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Bike	Book	Bottle	Camera

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Cereal Box	Chair	Laptop	Shoes

Software Integration:

Runtime Engine(s):

TAO - 5.2

Supported Hardware Architecture(s):

Ampere
Jetson
Hopper
Lovelace
Pascal
Turing
Volta

Supported Operating System(s):

Linux
Linux 4 Tegra

Model Version(s):

Deployable_v1.0: decrypted ONNX files, inferencable on Isaac ROS pose estimation pipeline, TAO Triton apps, and TAO Toolkit.

Training & Evaluation:

Training Dataset:

Data Collection Method by dataset:

Automatic/Sensors

Labeling Method by dataset:

Human

Properties:

Trained on a dataset comprised of 15,000 annotated video clips, totaling over 4M annotated frames. Every category is marked with a 3D bounding cuboid that indicates the object's position, orientation relative to the camera, and the cuboid's dimensions.
Objects are from the following eight categories: bikes, books, bottles, cameras, cereal boxes, chairs, laptops, and shoes.
For training purposes, frames are extracted by temporally down-sampling the original videos to 15 fps. For symmetric objects, such as bottles, multiple ground truth labels are produced during the training phase by rotating them N times around their symmetry axis.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Category	# of Training Videos	# of Training Images	# of Testing Videos	# of Testing Images
Bike	375	8,396	94	2,090
Book	1,618	31,609	404	7,885
Bottle	1,542	26,090	385	6,442
Camera	652	12,758	163	3,283
Cereal Box	1,288	22,024	321	5,428
Chair	1,555	27,608	388	6,695
Laptop	1,179	26,462	294	6,608
Shoe	1,693	30,515	423	7,859

Evaluation Dataset:

Data Collection Method by dataset:

Automatic/Sensors

Labeling Method by dataset:

Human

Properties:

Evaluated using approximately 46,000 test samples from the training dataset. These frames, originally high-resolution images of 600x800 pixels, were resized to 512x512 pixels before being processed by the CenterPose model.

Methodology and KPI

Accuracy was determined using a 3D intersection-over-union (IoU) criterion with a threshold greater than 0.5.\nThe 2D MPE (mean pixel projection error) metric calculates the average normalized distance between the projections of 3D bounding box keypoints from both the estimated and ground truth poses.\nFor viewpoint estimation, the average precision (AP) is presented for azimuth and elevation with thresholds of 15° and 10° degrees, respectively.

For symmetric object categories, like bottles, the estimated bounding box is rotated around the symmetry axis N times (where N = 100) and assessed the prediction in relation to each rotated instance. The results reflect the instance that either maximizes the 3D IoU or minimizes the 2D pixel projection error.

For evaluation purposes, frames are exctacted by temporally downsampling the original videos to 15 fps. Evaluation data key performance indicators (KPIs) are provided in the following table. The evaluation of the pretrained models was based on FP32 precision.

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Category	Backbone Architecture	3D IoU ↑	2D MPE ↓	AP @ 15° Azimuth Error ↑	AP @ 10° Elevation Error ↑
Bike	DLA34	0.5420	0.0915	0.8192	0.8512
Book	DLA34	0.4553	0.0755	0.6466	0.7831
Bottle	DLA34	0.7306	0.0419	0.9510	0.8133
Camera	DLA34	0.6814	0.0602	0.7395	0.7801
Cereal Box	DLA34	0.7491	0.0455	0.8939	0.9065
Chair	DLA34	0.8200	0.0604	0.8140	0.8579
Laptop	DLA34	0.7194	0.0525	0.8510	0.7623
Shoe	DLA34	0.6228	0.0467	0.6016	0.6881
Bike	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.6505	0.0921	0.9033	0.9527
Book	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.5768	0.0665	0.7584	0.8783
Bottle	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.8198	0.0410	0.9796	0.9072
Camera	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.7336	0.0558	0.8234	0.8604
Cereal Box	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.8203	0.0393	0.9210	0.9420
Chair	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.8603	0.0536	0.8610	0.9252
Laptop	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.7525	0.0481	0.9057	0.8143
Shoe	FAN-Small-Hybrid	0.6718	0.0445	0.6968	0.8151

Inference:

Engine: Tensor(RT)
\nTest Hardware:

Jetson AGX Xavier
Xavier NX
Orin
Orin NX
NVIDIA T4
Ampere GPU
A2
A30
L4
T4
DGX H100
DGX A100
DGX H100
L40
JAO 64GB
Orin NX16GB
Orin Nano 8GB

The inference performance of the provided CenterPose model is evaluated at FP16 and FP32 precisions. The model's input resolution is 512x512 pixels. The performance assessment was conducted using trtexec on a range of devices including: Orin Nano 8GB, Orin NX 16GB, Jetson AGX Orin 64GB, A2, A30, A100, H100, L4, L40, and Tesla T4. In the table, \"BS\" stands for \"batch size.\"

The performance data presented pertains solely to model inference. The end-to-end performance, when integrated with streaming video data and the post-processing, might vary slightly due to potential bottlenecks in hardware and software.

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Models (FP16)	Devices	Latency ↓ (ms, BS=1)	Images per Second ↑ (BS=1)	Latency ↓ (ms, BS=8)	Images per Second ↑ (BS=8)
CenterPose - DLA34	Orin Nano 8GB	52.19	19.16	167.85 (BS=4)	23.83 (BS=4)
CenterPose - DLA34	Orin NX 16GB	36.05	27.74	115.91 (BS=4)	34.51 (BS=4)
CenterPose - DLA34	AGX Orin 64GB	17.53	57.04	89.28	89.60
CenterPose - DLA34	A2	63.75	15.69	121.59	65.79
CenterPose - DLA34	A30	17.40	57.46	28.39	281.76
CenterPose - DLA34	A100	12.17	82.16	17.38	460.24
CenterPose - DLA34	H100	9.45	105.84	12.23	654.23
CenterPose - DLA34	L4	24.58	40.68	47.44	168.62
CenterPose - DLA34	L40	9.37	106.70	16.65	480.62
CenterPose - DLA34	Tesla T4	41.20	24.27	75.96	105.32
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	Orin Nano 8GB	125.94	7.94	482.63 (BS=4)	8.29 (BS=4)
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	Orin NX 16GB	88.12	11.35	333.54 (BS=4)	11.99 (BS=4)
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	AGX Orin 64GB	35.68	28.03	262.80	30.44
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	A2	172.55	5.80	315.35	25.37
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	A30	37.41	26.73	63.66	125.66
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	A100	20.01	49.99	32.30	247.64
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	H100	13.11	76.26	19.48	410.74
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	L4	53.52	18.69	111.70	71.62
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	L40	17.65	56.65	36.43	219.60
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	Tesla T4	102.33	9.77	187.63	42.64

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Models (FP32)	Devices	Latency ↓ (ms, BS=1)	Images per Second ↑ (BS=1)	Latency ↓ (ms, BS=8)	Images per Second ↑ (BS=8)
CenterPose - DLA34	Orin Nano 8GB	80.81	12.37	277.50 (BS=4)	14.41 (BS=4)
CenterPose - DLA34	Orin NX 16GB	55.67	17.96	192.77 (BS=4)	20.75 (BS=4)
CenterPose - DLA34	AGX Orin 64GB	25.36	39.44	150.98	52.99
CenterPose - DLA34	A2	155.43	6.43	307.11	26.05
CenterPose - DLA34	A30	40.83	24.49	74.51	107.37
CenterPose - DLA34	A100	25.17	39.74	41.79	191.44
CenterPose - DLA34	H100	16.28	61.42	25.00	320.03
CenterPose - DLA34	L4	49.99	20.00	97.38	82.15
CenterPose - DLA34	L40	18.64	53.63	33.47	239.01
CenterPose - DLA34	Tesla T4	101.42	9.86	188.23	42.50
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	Orin Nano 8GB	208.25	4.80	832.21 (BS=4)	4.81 (BS=4)
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	Orin NX 16GB	144.80	6.91	572.54 (BS=4)	6.99 (BS=4)
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	AGX Orin 64GB	60.29	16.59	494.86	16.17
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	A2	450.28	2.22	872.87	9.17
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	A30	113.68	8.80	215.12	37.19
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	A100	58.62	17.06	109.13	73.31
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	H100	30.90	32.36	54.41	147.02
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	L4	149.66	6.68	309.32	25.86
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	L40	53.02	18.86	108.91	73.46
CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid	Tesla T4	294.14	3.40	579.57	13.80

How to Use This Model

These models are designed for use with NVIDIA hardware and software. For hardware, the models are compatible with any NVIDIA GPU, including NVIDIA Jetson devices. For software, the models are specifically designed for the Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit, or TensorRT.

The primary application of these models is to estimate an object's pose from a single RGB image. They can identify the objects in photos, given the right image decoding and pre-processing procedures.

For training, the models are intended for use with the Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit and the your dataset. It's possible to train high-fidelity models tailored to new use cases. The Jupyter Notebook, which is included in the TAO Container, can be used for re-training.

Furthermore, these models are designed for deployment to edge devices using the TensorRT. TAO Triton apps offers capabilities to construct efficient image analytic pipelines. These pipelines can capture, decode, and pre-process data before executing inference.

Instructions to Deploy the Model with TAO-Deploy

To use these models for object pose estimation, see the following YAML as a template for the dataset and inference sections of the experiment spec file when testing the images.

Convert the pretrained ONNX models into a TRT engine using TensorRT.
Set up the engine file path and configure the correct intrinsic matrix in the experiment spec file.
Run the TAO-Deploy inference pipeline to get the visualization results.
Note: The CenterPose model with FAN-Small-Hybrid only supports the FP16 when the TensorRT version >= 8.6.

For more information on the experiment spec file and usage instruction, see the TAO Toolkit User Guide.

dataset:\n  inference_data: /path/to/inference/images/folder\n  num_classes: 1\n  batch_size: 1\n  workers: 4\n\ninference:\n  trt_engine: /path/to/engine.trt\n  visualization_threshold: 0.3\n  principle_point_x: 298.3\n  principle_point_y: 392.1\n  focal_length_x: 651.2\n  focal_length_y: 651.2\n  skew: 0.0\n  axis_size: 0.5\n  use_pnp: True\n  save_json: True\n  save_visualization: True\n  opencv: True\n

Instructions to Deploy the Model with Triton Inference Server

To create the entire end-to-end inference application, deploy this model with Triton Inference Server. NVIDIA Triton Inference Server is an open-source inference serving software that helps standardize model deployment and execution and delivers fast and scalable AI in production. Triton supports direct integration of this model into the server and inference from a client.

To deploy this model with Triton Inference Server and end-to-end inference from images, please refer to the TAO Triton apps.

Technical Blogs

Read the 2 part blog on training and optimizing 2D body pose estimation model with TAO - Part 1 | Part 2.
Learn how to train real-time license plate detection and recognition app with TAO and DeepStream.
Model accuracy is extremely important, learn how you can achieve state of the art accuracy for classification and object detection models using TAO.
Learn how to train an instance segmentation model using MaskRCNN with TAO.
Read the technical tutorial on how PeopleNet model can be trained with custom data using the Transfer Learning Toolkit.
Learn how to train and deploy real-time intelligent video analytics apps and services using the DeepStream SDK.

Ethical Considerations:

The NVIDIA CenterPose model estimates the object pose. However, no additional information such as people and other distractors in the background are inferred. The training and evaluation dataset mostly consists of North American content. An ideal training and evaluation dataset would additionally include content from other geographies. NVIDIA’s platforms and application frameworks enable developers to build a wide array of AI applications. Consider potential algorithmic bias when choosing or creating the models being deployed.

NVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications. When downloaded or used in accordance with our terms of service, developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse. For more detailed information on ethical considerations for this model, please see the Model Card++ Promise and the Explainability, Bias, Safety & Security, and Privacy Subcards.

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\n**Network Architecture:** DLA34 and FAN-Small-Hybrid
\n\nThis model supports two different types of backbone networks as the feature extractor, including [DLA34](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.06484.pdf) and [FAN-Small-Hybrid](https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.12451). The DLA34 is a standard Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) backbone, while the FAN-Small-Hybrid is a transformer-based classification backbone.\n\n

\n\nThe network architecture processes a re-scaled and padded RGB image. Using the DLA34/FAN-Small-Hybrid feature extractor combined with an upsampling module, the network outputs distinct heads that predict the projections of 3D bounding box keypoints and relative cuboid dimensions. After detecting objects in the image space, the estimated relative cuboid dimensions enables you to utilize robust, off-the-shelf PnP algorithms for the pose estimation.\n\n## Input:\n**Input Type(s):** Images
\n**Input Format(s):** Red, Green, Blue (RGB)
\n**Input Parameters:** Three-Dimensional (3D)
\n**Other Properties Related to Input:** RGB Image of dimensions: 512 X 512 X 3 (W x H x C). Channel Ordering of the Input: NCHW, where N = Batch Size, C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (512), W = Width of the images (512)
\n\n## Output:\n**Output Type(s):** 3D Bounding-Box, Cuboid Dimensions and 6-DoF (Degrees of Freedom)
\n**Output Format:** 9 Three-Dimensional (3D) Bounding Box Vertices: (x-coordinate, Y-coordinate, Z-coordinate), Cuboid Dimensions (Relative to 3D Bounding Box): (X-scale, Y-scale, Z-scale), 6-DoF: Floating Points
\n**Other Properties Related to Output:** The +y is up (aligned with the gravity, green line); The +x follows right hand rule (red line); The +z is the front face (blue line).
\n\n| **Bike** | **Book** | **Bottle** | **Camera** |\n| ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ |\n|

|\n\n| **Cereal Box** | **Chair** | **Laptop** | **Shoes** |\n| ------ | ------ | ------ | ------ |\n|

|\n\n## Software Integration:\n**Runtime Engine(s):** \n* TAO - 5.2
\n\n**Supported Hardware Architecture(s):**
\n* Ampere
\n* Jetson
\n* Hopper
\n* Lovelace
\n* Pascal
\n* Turing
\n* Volta
\n\n**Supported Operating System(s):**
\n* Linux
\n* Linux 4 Tegra
\n\n## Model Version(s): \n- **Deployable_v1.0**: decrypted [ONNX](https://onnx.ai/) files, inferencable on [Isaac ROS pose estimation](https://github.com/NVIDIA-ISAAC-ROS/isaac_ros_pose_estimation) pipeline, [TAO Triton apps](https://github.com/NVIDIA-AI-IOT/tao-toolkit-triton-apps), and [TAO Toolkit](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/index.html).
\n\n\n# Training & Evaluation:
\n\n## Training Dataset:\n\n**Data Collection Method by dataset:**
\n* Automatic/Sensors
\n\n**Labeling Method by dataset:**
\n* Human
\n\n**Properties:**
\n- Trained on a dataset comprised of 15,000 annotated video clips, totaling over 4M annotated frames. Every category is marked with a 3D bounding cuboid that indicates the object's position, orientation relative to the camera, and the cuboid's dimensions.\n- Objects are from the following eight categories: bikes, books, bottles, cameras, cereal boxes, chairs, laptops, and shoes.\n- For training purposes, frames are extracted by temporally down-sampling the original videos to 15 fps. For symmetric objects, such as bottles, multiple ground truth labels are produced during the training phase by rotating them N times around their symmetry axis.\n\n| Category | # of Training Videos | # of Training Images | # of Testing Videos | # of Testing Images | \n| -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | \n| Bike | 375 | 8,396 | 94 | 2,090 |\n| Book | 1,618\t | 31,609 | 404 | 7,885\t|\n| Bottle | 1,542 | 26,090 | 385 | 6,442 |\n| Camera | 652\t | 12,758 | 163 | 3,283 |\n| Cereal Box | 1,288 | 22,024 | 321 | 5,428 |\t\t\n| Chair | 1,555\t | 27,608\t | 388\t | 6,695 |\n| Laptop | 1,179\t | 26,462\t | 294\t | 6,608 |\n| Shoe | 1,693\t | 30,515\t | 423\t | 7,859 |\n\n\n## Evaluation Dataset:\n**Data Collection Method by dataset:**
\n* Automatic/Sensors
\n\n**Labeling Method by dataset:**
\n* Human
\n\n**Properties:**
\n- Evaluated using approximately 46,000 test samples from the training dataset. These frames, originally high-resolution images of 600x800 pixels, were resized to 512x512 pixels before being processed by the CenterPose model.\n\n### Methodology and KPI\n\nAccuracy was determined using a 3D intersection-over-union (IoU) criterion with a threshold greater than 0.5. \nThe 2D MPE (mean pixel projection error) metric calculates the average normalized distance between the projections of 3D bounding box keypoints from both the estimated and ground truth poses. \nFor viewpoint estimation, the average precision (AP) is presented for azimuth and elevation with thresholds of 15° and 10° degrees, respectively. \n\nFor symmetric object categories, like bottles, the estimated bounding box is rotated around the symmetry axis N times (where N = 100) and assessed the prediction in relation to each rotated instance. The results reflect the instance that either maximizes the 3D IoU or minimizes the 2D pixel projection error.\n\nFor evaluation purposes, frames are exctacted by temporally downsampling the original videos to 15 fps. Evaluation data key performance indicators (KPIs) are provided in the following table. The evaluation of the pretrained models was based on FP32 precision.\n\n| Category | Backbone Architecture | 3D IoU ↑| 2D MPE ↓ | AP @ 15° Azimuth Error ↑ | AP @ 10° Elevation Error ↑ |\n| ------- | ------- | -------| -------| -------| ------- | \n| Bike | DLA34 | 0.5420 | 0.0915 | 0.8192 | 0.8512 |\n| Book | DLA34 | 0.4553 | 0.0755 | 0.6466 | 0.7831 |\n| Bottle | DLA34 | 0.7306 | 0.0419 | 0.9510 | 0.8133 |\n| Camera | DLA34 | 0.6814 | 0.0602 | 0.7395 | 0.7801 |\n| Cereal Box | DLA34 | 0.7491 | 0.0455 | 0.8939 | 0.9065 |\n| Chair | DLA34 | 0.8200 | 0.0604 | 0.8140 | 0.8579 |\n| Laptop | DLA34 | 0.7194 | 0.0525 | 0.8510 | 0.7623 |\n| Shoe | DLA34 | 0.6228 | 0.0467 | 0.6016 | 0.6881 |\n| Bike | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.6505 | 0.0921 | 0.9033 | 0.9527 |\n| Book | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.5768 | 0.0665 | 0.7584 | 0.8783 |\n| Bottle | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.8198 | 0.0410 | 0.9796 | 0.9072 |\n| Camera | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.7336 | 0.0558 | 0.8234 | 0.8604 |\n| Cereal Box | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.8203 | 0.0393 | 0.9210 | 0.9420 |\n| Chair | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.8603 | 0.0536 | 0.8610 | 0.9252 |\n| Laptop | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.7525 | 0.0481 | 0.9057 | 0.8143 |\n| Shoe | FAN-Small-Hybrid | 0.6718 | 0.0445 | 0.6968 | 0.8151 |\n\n\n## Inference:\n**Engine:** Tensor(RT)
\n**Test Hardware:**
\n- Jetson AGX Xavier\n- Xavier NX\n- Orin\n- Orin NX\n- NVIDIA T4\n- Ampere GPU\n- A2\n- A30\n- L4\n- T4\n- DGX H100\n- DGX A100\n- DGX H100\n- L40\n- JAO 64GB\n- Orin NX16GB\n- Orin Nano 8GB\n\nThe inference performance of the provided CenterPose model is evaluated at FP16 and FP32 precisions. The model's input resolution is 512x512 pixels. The performance assessment was conducted using **trtexec** on a range of devices including: Orin Nano 8GB, Orin NX 16GB, Jetson AGX Orin 64GB, A2, A30, A100, H100, L4, L40, and Tesla T4. In the table, \"BS\" stands for \"batch size.\"\n\nThe performance data presented pertains solely to model inference. The end-to-end performance, when integrated with streaming video data and the post-processing, might vary slightly due to potential bottlenecks in hardware and software.\n\n| Models (FP16) | Devices | Latency ↓ (ms, BS=1) | Images per Second ↑ (BS=1) | Latency ↓ (ms, BS=8) | Images per Second ↑ (BS=8) | \n| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | \n| CenterPose - DLA34 | Orin Nano 8GB | 52.19 | 19.16 | 167.85 (BS=4) | 23.83 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | Orin NX 16GB | 36.05 | 27.74 | 115.91 (BS=4) | 34.51 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | AGX Orin 64GB | 17.53 | 57.04 | 89.28 | 89.60 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | A2 | 63.75 | 15.69 | 121.59 | 65.79 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | A30 | 17.40 | 57.46 | 28.39 | 281.76 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | A100 | 12.17 | 82.16 | 17.38 | 460.24 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | H100 | 9.45 | 105.84 | 12.23 | 654.23 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | L4 | 24.58 | 40.68 | 47.44 | 168.62 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | L40 | 9.37 | 106.70 | 16.65 | 480.62 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | Tesla T4 | 41.20 | 24.27 | 75.96 | 105.32 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | Orin Nano 8GB | 125.94 | 7.94 | 482.63 (BS=4) | 8.29 (BS=4) | \n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | Orin NX 16GB | 88.12 | 11.35 | 333.54 (BS=4) | 11.99 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | AGX Orin 64GB | 35.68 | 28.03 | 262.80 | 30.44 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | A2 | 172.55 | 5.80 | 315.35 | 25.37 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | A30 | 37.41 | 26.73 | 63.66 | 125.66 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | A100 | 20.01 | 49.99 | 32.30 | 247.64 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | H100 | 13.11 | 76.26 | 19.48 | 410.74 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | L4 | 53.52 | 18.69 | 111.70 | 71.62 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | L40 | 17.65 | 56.65 | 36.43 | 219.60 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | Tesla T4 | 102.33 | 9.77 | 187.63 | 42.64 |\n\n| Models (FP32) | Devices | Latency ↓ (ms, BS=1) | Images per Second ↑ (BS=1) | Latency ↓ (ms, BS=8) | Images per Second ↑ (BS=8) | \n| ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | \n| CenterPose - DLA34 | Orin Nano 8GB | 80.81 | 12.37 | 277.50 (BS=4) | 14.41 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | Orin NX 16GB | 55.67 | 17.96 | 192.77 (BS=4) | 20.75 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | AGX Orin 64GB | 25.36 | 39.44 | 150.98 | 52.99 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | A2 | 155.43 | 6.43 | 307.11 | 26.05 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | A30 | 40.83 | 24.49 | 74.51 | 107.37 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | A100 | 25.17 | 39.74 | 41.79 | 191.44 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | H100 | 16.28 | 61.42 | 25.00 | 320.03 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | L4 | 49.99 | 20.00 | 97.38 | 82.15 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | L40 | 18.64 | 53.63 | 33.47 | 239.01 |\n| CenterPose - DLA34 | Tesla T4 | 101.42 | 9.86 | 188.23 | 42.50 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | Orin Nano 8GB | 208.25 | 4.80 | 832.21 (BS=4) | 4.81 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | Orin NX 16GB | 144.80 | 6.91 | 572.54 (BS=4) | 6.99 (BS=4) |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | AGX Orin 64GB | 60.29 | 16.59 | 494.86 | 16.17 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | A2 | 450.28 | 2.22 | 872.87 | 9.17 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | A30 | 113.68 | 8.80 | 215.12 | 37.19 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | A100 | 58.62 | 17.06 | 109.13 | 73.31 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | H100 | 30.90 | 32.36 | 54.41 | 147.02 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | L4 | 149.66 | 6.68 | 309.32 | 25.86 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | L40 | 53.02 | 18.86 | 108.91 | 73.46 |\n| CenterPose - FAN-Small-Hybrid | Tesla T4 | 294.14 | 3.40 | 579.57 | 13.80 |\n\n## How to Use This Model \n\nThese models are designed for use with NVIDIA hardware and software. For hardware, the models are compatible with any NVIDIA GPU, including NVIDIA Jetson devices. For software, the models are specifically designed for the [Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit](https://developer.nvidia.com/tao-toolkit), or [TensorRT](https://developer.nvidia.com/tensorrt).\n\nThe primary application of these models is to estimate an object's pose from a single RGB image. They can identify the objects in photos, given the right image decoding and pre-processing procedures.\n\nFor training, the models are intended for use with the Train Adapt Optimize (TAO) Toolkit and the your dataset. It's possible to train high-fidelity models tailored to new use cases. The Jupyter Notebook, which is included in the [TAO Container](https://ngc.nvidia.com/catalog/containers/nvidia:tao:tao-toolkit), can be used for re-training.\n\nFurthermore, these models are designed for deployment to edge devices using the TensorRT. [TAO Triton apps](https://github.com/NVIDIA-AI-IOT/tao-toolkit-triton-apps) offers capabilities to construct efficient image analytic pipelines. These pipelines can capture, decode, and pre-process data before executing inference.\n\n### Instructions to Deploy the Model with TAO-Deploy\n\nTo use these models for object pose estimation, see the following YAML as a template for the dataset and inference sections of the experiment spec file when testing the images.\n\n* Convert the pretrained ONNX models into a TRT engine using TensorRT.\n* Set up the engine file path and configure the correct intrinsic matrix in the experiment spec file.\n* Run the TAO-Deploy inference pipeline to get the visualization results. \n* Note: The CenterPose model with FAN-Small-Hybrid only supports the FP16 when the TensorRT version >= 8.6. \n\nFor more information on the experiment spec file and usage instruction, see the [TAO Toolkit User Guide](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/index.html).\n\n```yaml\ndataset:\n inference_data: /path/to/inference/images/folder\n num_classes: 1\n batch_size: 1\n workers: 4\n\ninference:\n trt_engine: /path/to/engine.trt\n visualization_threshold: 0.3\n principle_point_x: 298.3\n principle_point_y: 392.1\n focal_length_x: 651.2\n focal_length_y: 651.2\n skew: 0.0\n axis_size: 0.5\n use_pnp: True\n save_json: True\n save_visualization: True\n opencv: True\n```\n\n### Instructions to Deploy the Model with Triton Inference Server\n\nTo create the entire end-to-end inference application, deploy this model with [Triton Inference Server](https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-triton-inference-server). NVIDIA Triton Inference Server is an open-source inference serving software that helps standardize model deployment and execution and delivers fast and scalable AI in production. Triton supports direct integration of this model into the server and inference from a client.\n\nTo deploy this model with [Triton Inference Server](https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-triton-inference-server) and end-to-end inference from images, please refer to the [TAO Triton apps](https://github.com/NVIDIA-AI-IOT/tao-toolkit-triton-apps). \n\n## Technical Blogs \n\n- Read the 2 part blog on training and optimizing 2D body pose estimation model with TAO - [Part 1](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-optimizing-2d-pose-estimation-model-with-tao-toolkit-part-1) | [Part 2](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-optimizing-2d-pose-estimation-model-with-tao-toolkit-part-2).\n- Learn how to train [real-time license plate detection and recognition app](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/creating-a-real-time-license-plate-detection-and-recognition-app) with TAO and DeepStream.\n- Model accuracy is extremely important, learn how you can achieve [state of the art accuracy for classification and object detection models](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/preparing-state-of-the-art-models-for-classification-and-object-detection-with-tao-toolkit/) using TAO.\n- Learn how to train [an instance segmentation model using MaskRCNN with TAO](https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/training-instance-segmentation-models-using-maskrcnn-on-tao-toolkit/).\n- Read the technical tutorial on how [PeopleNet model can be trained with custom data using the Transfer Learning Toolkit](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/training-custom-pretrained-models-using-tlt/).\n- Learn how to [train and deploy real-time intelligent video analytics apps and services using the DeepStream SDK](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/building-iva-apps-using-deepstream-5.0/).\n\n## Suggested Reading \n\n- More information on about TAO Toolkit and pre-trained models can be found at the [NVIDIA Developer Zone](https://developer.nvidia.com/tao-toolkit).\n- Read the [TAO Quick Start](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/text/tao_toolkit_quick_start_guide.html) guide and [release notes](https://docs.nvidia.com/tao/tao-toolkit/text/release_notes.html).\n- If you have any questions or feedback, see the discussions on the [TAO Toolkit Developer Forums](https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/c/accelerated-computing/intelligent-video-analytics/tao-toolkit/17).\n- Deploy your model on the edge using DeepStream. Learn more about [DeepStream SDK](https://developer.nvidia.com/deepstream-sdk).\n\n## Ethical Considerations:\nThe NVIDIA CenterPose model estimates the object pose. However, no additional information such as people and other distractors in the background are inferred. The training and evaluation dataset mostly consists of North American content. An ideal training and evaluation dataset would additionally include content from other geographies. NVIDIA’s platforms and application frameworks enable developers to build a wide array of AI applications. Consider potential algorithmic bias when choosing or creating the models being deployed.\n\nNVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications. When downloaded or used in accordance with our terms of service, developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse. For more detailed information on ethical considerations for this model, please see the Model Card++ Promise and the Explainability, Bias, Safety & Security, and Privacy Subcards.","displayName","Multiple 3D CenterPose",["D",1731434230031],"publisher","latestVersion","versions","collectionCounts","imageUrl","/api/image/nvidia/tao/models/multiclass_3d_centerpose","rawImageUrl","https://dz112fgwz7ogh.cloudfront.net/logos/Nvidia-Centric-TAO.png","canGuestDownload","latestVersionSizeInBytes",73563852,"licenseTerms","isMultinodeEnabled","isMultiArchitecture","bias","| Field | Response |\n| -- | -- |\n|Participation considerations from adversely impacted groups [(protected classes)](https://www.senate.ca.gov/content/protected-classes) in model design and testing: | None of the Above |\n| Measures taken to mitigate against unwanted bias: | No measures taken to mitigate against unwanted bias.|","explainability","| Field | Response |\n| -- | -- |\n| Intended Application(s) & Domain(s): | Detects the projections of 3D keypoints, estimates a 6-Degrees of Freedom (DoF) pose |\n| Model Type: | Category-Level Object Pose Estimation |\n| Intended Users: | Developers working in smart spaces, retail, and industrial applications |\n| Output: | 3D Bounding-Box, Cuboid Dimensions and 6 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) |\n| Describe how the model works: | Single RGB imagedetects the projections of 3D keypoints, estimates a 6-DoF pose, and regresses the relative 3D bounding cuboid dimensions within a single RGB image. |\n| Technical Limitations: | Model should not be used in low-light, low contrast lighting conditions, with warped or motion-induced images, and with very small and very large objects. Model accuracy may vary with occlusion or truncation. |\n| Verified to have met prescribed NVIDIA standards: | Yes |\n| Performance Metrics: | 3D Intersection-over-Union (IoU), 2D MPE (Mean Pixel Projection Error), Average Precision (AP) Azimuth Error, Average Precision (AP) Elevation Error |\n| Potential Known Risks: | This model may fail to detect projections of 3D keypoints. |\n| Licensing: | [NVIDIA Open Model License](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/agreements/enterprise-software/nvidia-open-model-license/) |","privacy","| Field | Response |\n| -- | -- |\n| Generatable or reverse engineerable personally-identifiable information (PII)? | None |\n| Protected classes used to create this model? | Not Applicable (No PII) |\n| Was consent obtained for any PII used? | Not Applicable (No PII) |\n| How often is dataset reviewed? | \tBefore Release |\n| Is a mechanism in place to honor data subject right of access or deletion of personal data? | No |\n| If PII collected for the development of the model, was it collected directly by NVIDIA? | No, all data was collected by Google Research Organization. |\n| If PII collected for the development of the model by NVIDIA, do you maintain or have access to disclosures made to data subjects?\t| Not Applicable |\n| If PII collected for the development of this AI model, was it minimized to only what was required? | Not Applicable |\n| Is there provenance for all datasets used in training? | Yes |\n| Does data labeling (annotation, metadata) comply with privacy laws? | Yes |\n| Is data compliant with data subject requests for data correction or removal, if such a request was made? | No, not possible with externally-sourced data. |\n| Applicable NVIDIA Privacy Policy\t| [https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/products/nvidia-ai-enterprise/eula/](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/products/nvidia-ai-enterprise/eula/) |","safetyAndSecurity","| Field | Response |\n| -- | -- |\n| Model Application(s): | Category-Level Object Pose Estimation |\n| Describe the life-critical application (if present). | None: Not within Operational Design Domain |\n| Use Case Restrictions: | Abide by [https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/products/nvidia-ai-enterprise/eula/\"](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/products/nvidia-ai-enterprise/eula/). |\n| Describe access restrictions (if any): | The Principle of least privilege (PoLP) is applied limiting access for dataset generation and model development. |","featureLabels",[],"displayLabels",[245,246,247,248,249,250],"policyLabels",[],"systemLabels",[],"products",[],"hasNimMetadata",{"_209":267,"_252":268,"_253":269,"_255":256},{"_209":265,"_252":265,"_253":266,"_255":256},{"_209":263,"_252":263,"_253":264,"_255":256},{"_209":261,"_252":261,"_253":262,"_255":256},{"_209":259,"_252":259,"_253":260,"_255":256},{"_209":251,"_252":251,"_253":254,"_255":256},"TAO Toolkit","value","filter",{"_257":258,"_252":251},"category","label","field","framework","TAO",{"_257":256,"_252":259},"NSPECT-FY5H-V6CO",{"_257":256,"_252":261},"Deep Learning",{"_257":256,"_252":263},"CV",{"_257":256,"_252":265},"Computer Vision","soln_computer_vision",{"_257":270,"_252":268},"technology",{"_107":1253,"_109":1254},"ngcApps",[1206],"csaApiBaseUrl","https://www.nvidia.com/ai-agents/csa-agent/dcsm","datadogRum",{"_1187":1188,"_1189":1190,"_1191":1192,"_1193":1194,"_1195":282,"_138":310,"_1196":1197,"_1198":56,"_1199":86,"_1200":86,"_1201":1202,"_1203":86,"_1204":1205},"amplitude",{"_1184":1185,"_821":-7,"_1186":31},"disableJs","environment","prod","featureFlagsBlob","JTdCJTIydGVzdEZsYWclMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMnNob3dTZWFyY2hMYWJlbFNldEZpbHRlcnMlMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMmVuYWJsZUNzYVdpZGdldCUyMiUzQWZhbHNlJTJDJTIyZW5hYmxlUHJvZHVjdEdyb3VwaW5nQnlTdWJzY3JpcHRpb24lMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMmNvbnRhaW5lclNjYW5uaW5nUmVkZXNpZ25NMiUyMiUzQWZhbHNlJTdE","featureFlagsGuarded","isDevLikeEnv","isPlaywright","isMobileDevice","categorizedOrgs",{"_1178":1179,"_1180":1181,"_1182":1183},"currentOrgContext","currentContextRoles",[],"enterpriseOrgs",[],"manageableExternalUserGroups",[],"locale","en","ngcApiOrigin","ngcHelmOrigin","origin","https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","usesMocks","theme","year",2026,"now",1785979982768,"1.11.0","defaultSearchSuggestions",{"_1061":168,"_1062":1063,"_1064":1065,"_1066":1067},"announcements",[],"consentState",{"_346":1051,"_1052":31,"_1053":31,"_1054":86,"_1055":1056},"consentConfig",{"_328":329,"_330":331,"_332":333,"_334":335,"_336":337,"_338":339,"_340":341,"_342":343,"_344":345,"_346":347},"showContactAdmin",[],[],[323,324,325,326,327],{"_45":60,"_47":70,"_49":102,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":68,"_49":102,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":60,"_47":61,"_49":102,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":57,"_47":58,"_49":102,"_51":-5,"_53":-5,"_55":56},{"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50,"_51":52,"_53":59,"_55":56},"mainInfoText","We and our third-party partners (including social media, advertising, and analytics partners) use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect, store, monitor, and process certain information about you when you visit our website. 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They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.","alwaysActive","order",11,"cookies",[],"hosts",[],"C0004","Advertising Cookies","These cookies record your visit to our websites, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed to influence the advertisements that you see on other websites. These cookies and the information they collect may be managed by other companies, including our advertising partners, and may be used to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant advertising on other sites. We and our advertising partners will use this information to make our websites and the advertising displayed on it, more relevant to your interests.",5,[485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506],[370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386],{"_387":480,"_209":480,"_167":168,"_360":481},{"_387":476,"_209":476,"_167":168,"_360":477},{"_387":471,"_209":471,"_167":168,"_360":472},{"_387":467,"_209":467,"_167":168,"_360":468},{"_387":462,"_209":462,"_167":168,"_360":463},{"_387":457,"_209":457,"_167":168,"_360":458},{"_387":449,"_209":449,"_167":168,"_360":450},{"_387":441,"_209":441,"_167":168,"_360":442},{"_387":436,"_209":436,"_167":168,"_360":437},{"_387":431,"_209":431,"_167":168,"_360":432},{"_387":426,"_209":426,"_167":168,"_360":427},{"_387":421,"_209":421,"_167":168,"_360":422},{"_387":416,"_209":416,"_167":168,"_360":417},{"_387":409,"_209":409,"_167":168,"_360":410},{"_387":404,"_209":404,"_167":168,"_360":405},{"_387":397,"_209":397,"_167":168,"_360":398},{"_387":388,"_209":388,"_167":168,"_360":389},"hostName","amazon-adsystem.com",[390,391],{"_78":396,"_393":388,"_394":31,"_167":395},{"_78":392,"_393":388,"_394":31,"_167":395},"ad-privacy","host","isSession","This domain is owned by online retailer Amazon and is used as part of its affiliate marketing programme.","ad-id","doubleclick.net",[399,400],{"_78":403,"_393":397,"_394":31,"_167":402},{"_78":401,"_393":397,"_394":31,"_167":402},"IDE","This domain is owned by Doubleclick (Google). 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This tracking cookie allows a website to link visitor behaviour to the recipient of an email marketing campaign, to measure campaign effectiveness.","investor.nvidia.com","This cookie is associated with Eventbrite and is used to deliver content tailored to the end user's interests and improve content creation. This cookie is also used for event-booking purposes.","_gat_gtag_UA_140825383_2","Google Analytics","_rdt_uuid","This cookie is set by Reddit and is used for tracking the views of embedded videos and performance of the advertisements.","catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","_uetsid","This cookie is used by Bing to determine what ads should be shown that may be relevant to the end user perusing the site. 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It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","C0003","Personalization Cookies","These cookies collect data about how you have interacted with our website to help us improve your web experience, such as which pages you have visited. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These cookies enable us to provide enhanced website functionality and personalization as well as make the marketing messages we send to you more relevant to your interests. If you do not allow these cookies, then some or all of these services may not function properly.",4,[578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602],[549,550,551,552,553],{"_387":462,"_209":462,"_167":168,"_360":573},{"_387":436,"_209":436,"_167":168,"_360":568},{"_387":563,"_209":563,"_167":168,"_360":564},{"_387":558,"_209":558,"_167":168,"_360":559},{"_387":554,"_209":554,"_167":168,"_360":555},"nvidia.partners",[556],{"_78":557,"_393":554,"_394":31,"_167":430},"edge","app.hushly.com",[560],{"_78":561,"_393":558,"_394":31,"_167":562},"*CORS","This domain is associated with Hushly, a platform that provides lead conversion solutions for content marketing by using personalization and content engagement strategies.","github.com",[565],{"_78":566,"_393":563,"_394":31,"_167":567},"_octo","This domain is owned by Github. 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These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. Information collected with these cookies is used to measure and find ways to improve website performance.",[661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689],[641,642,643,644],{"_387":656,"_209":656,"_167":168,"_360":657},{"_387":651,"_209":651,"_167":168,"_360":652},{"_387":449,"_209":449,"_167":168,"_360":648},{"_387":563,"_209":563,"_167":168,"_360":645},[646],{"_78":647,"_393":563,"_394":86,"_167":567},"_gh_sess",[649],{"_78":650,"_393":449,"_394":86,"_167":456},"YSC","bizible.com",[653],{"_78":654,"_393":651,"_394":31,"_167":655},"_BUID","Bizible is a marketing attribution software that tracks the performance of marketing efforts and connects them to revenue, primarily used for B2B environments.","a.usbrowserspeed.com",[658],{"_78":659,"_393":656,"_394":31,"_167":660},"tuid","This domain is owned by Ookla which provides internet speed testing services through its Speedtest application.",{"_78":731,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":732},{"_78":716,"_393":730,"_394":86,"_167":717},{"_78":699,"_393":511,"_394":31,"_167":624},{"_78":699,"_393":612,"_394":31,"_167":624},{"_78":728,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":729},{"_78":716,"_393":514,"_394":86,"_167":717},{"_78":726,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":727},{"_78":716,"_393":511,"_394":86,"_167":717},{"_78":724,"_393":611,"_394":31,"_167":725},{"_78":716,"_393":633,"_394":86,"_167":717},{"_78":696,"_393":511,"_394":31,"_167":698},{"_78":722,"_393":508,"_394":86,"_167":723},{"_78":720,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":721},{"_78":718,"_393":508,"_394":86,"_167":719},{"_78":716,"_393":607,"_394":86,"_167":717},{"_78":714,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":715},{"_78":712,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":713},{"_78":710,"_393":508,"_394":86,"_167":711},{"_78":708,"_393":616,"_394":31,"_167":709},{"_78":696,"_393":607,"_394":31,"_167":698},{"_78":706,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":707},{"_78":704,"_393":508,"_394":86,"_167":705},{"_78":702,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":703},{"_78":700,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":701},{"_78":699,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":624},{"_78":696,"_393":697,"_394":31,"_167":698},{"_78":694,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":695},{"_78":692,"_393":508,"_394":86,"_167":693},{"_78":690,"_393":508,"_394":31,"_167":691},"_ga_xxxxxxxxxx","Used by Google Analytics to identify and track an individual session with your device.","s_ppvl","This cookie is set by Adobe Analytics to store information on the percentage of the page displayed to the end user.","coveo_visitorId","This cookie name is associated with Coveo which is used to store a unique user ID for marketing purposes and to track the number of distinct users who submitted a query or clicked an item, counting them only once even if they did the same query or clicked the same item over the course of many visits.","_dd_s","marketplace.nvidia.com","Datadog Cookie used to group all events generated from a unique user session across multiple pages. 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