Model Overview

This collection contains two models:

Single-speaker FastPitch (around 50M parameters) trained on SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech dataset [1].
HiFiGAN trained on Mel-spectrograms predicted by the FastPitch in (1).

Model Architecture

FastPitch [2] is a non-autoregressive model for mel-spectrogram generation based on FastSpeech [3], conditioned on fundamental frequency contours. It uses an external Tacotron 2 [4] model trained on LJSpeech-1.1 to extract training alignments, and estimate durations of input symbols. NeMo implemetation leverages a novel alignment framework [5] to simplify the alignment learning in TTS models. For more informaiton on training a FastPitch model, please refer to NeMo tutorial FastPitch_MixerTTS_Training.

HiFiGAN [6] is a generative adversarial network (GAN) model that generates audios from mel-spectrograms. The generator uses transposed convolutions to upsample mel-spectrograms to audios. For more details about HiFiGAN, please refer to its original paper. NeMo re-implementation of HiFiGAN can be found here.

Training

You can follow the NeMo Chinese TTS training tutorial for details: https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo/blob/r1.14.0/tutorials/tts/FastPitch_ChineseTTS_Training.ipynb

Datasets

FastPitch: the model is trained from scratch on SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech dataset [1] sampled at 22050 Hz. The dataset contains about 2,740 bilingual audio samples of a single female speaker and their corresponding text transcripts, each of them is an audio of around 5-6 seconds and have a total length of approximately 4.5 hours.
HiFiGAN: the model is finetuned from the tts_en_lj_hifigan_ft_mixerttsx.nemo in TTS En LJ HiFi-GAN by the mel-spectrograms generated from the FastPitch model above.

Performance

No performance information available at this time.

How to Use this Model

The model is available for use in the NeMo toolkit [7], and can be used as a pre-trained checkpoint for inference or for fine-tuning on another dataset.

NOTE: For best results you should use the vocoder (HiFiGAN) checkpoint in this model card along with the mel spectrogram generator (FastPitch) checkpoint.

Automatically load the model from NGC

# Load spectrogram generator\nfrom nemo.collections.tts.models import FastPitchModel\nspec_generator = FastPitchModel.from_pretrained(model_name=\"tts_zh_fastpitch_sfspeech\")\n\n# Load Vocoder\nfrom nemo.collections.tts.models import HifiGanModel\nmodel = HifiGanModel.from_pretrained(model_name=\"tts_zh_hifigan_sfspeech\")\n\n# Generate audio\nimport soundfile as sf\nimport torch\nwith torch.no_grad():\n\tparsed = spec_generator.parse(\"这些新一代的CPU不只效能惊人。\")\n\tspectrogram = spec_generator.generate_spectrogram(tokens=parsed)\n\taudio = model.convert_spectrogram_to_audio(spec=spectrogram)\n\tif isinstance(audio, torch.Tensor):\n\t\taudio = audio.to('cpu').numpy()\n\n# Save the audio to disk in a file called speech.wav\nsf.write(\"speech.wav\", audio.T, 22050, format='WAV')\n

Input

This model accepts batches of texts.

Output

This model generates mel spectrograms.

Limitations

Since this model was trained on publically available speech datasets, the performance of this model might degrade for speech which includes technical terms, or vernacular that the model has not been trained on. The model might also perform worse for accented speech.

Versions

1.15 (latest): Disambiguate polyphones with augmented dict and Jieba segmenter.
1.14: Initial models.

References

[1] SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech Dataset: https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/resources/sf_bilingual_speech_zh_en
[2] FastPitch: Parallel Text-to-speech with Pitch Prediction: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06873
[3] Fastspeech: Fast, robust and controllable\ntext to speech: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09263
[4] Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.05884
[5] One TTS Alignment To Rule Them All: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10447
[6] HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesis: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05646
[7] NVIDIA NeMo Toolkit: https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo

NVIDIA License

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License Grant

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Limitations

3.1. Redistribution. You may reproduce or distribute the Work only if (a) you do so under this license, (b) you include a complete copy of this license with your distribution, and (c) you retain without modification any copyright, patent, trademark, or attribution notices that are present in the Work.

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EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER IN TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE SHALL ANY LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS LICENSE, THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE WORK (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF GOODWILL, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST PROFITS OR DATA, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES OR LOSSES), EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

","resourceVersions",[260,261,262],"resourceVersionsTotal",2,"hasMoreVersions","versionMetadata",{"_235":212,"_90":236,"_44":237,"_238":-5,"_239":240,"_93":241,"_242":243,"_244":203,"_245":26,"_246":-5,"_247":26,"_248":-5,"_249":26,"_250":-5,"_251":26,"_252":-5,"_253":26,"_254":-5,"_255":26,"_256":-5,"_257":26,"_258":259},"versionNotFound","isLoggedIn","latestVersionPath","/orgs/nvidia/nemo/models/tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech/-","version","1.14.0","imageReference","cliDownloadCommand","ngc registry model download-version nvidia/nemo/tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech:1.14.0","helmFetchCommand","viewAllVersionsPath","/orgs/nvidia/nemo/models/tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech/1.14.0/version-history","accessCheckResult",{"_234":158},"hasRelatedCollections","context",{"_85":86,"_87":233},[],[],[227,228,229,230,231,232],{"_40":55,"_42":66,"_44":57,"_46":58,"_48":67,"_50":51},{"_40":55,"_42":64,"_44":57,"_46":58,"_48":65,"_50":51},{"_40":55,"_42":62,"_44":57,"_46":58,"_48":63,"_50":51},{"_40":55,"_42":60,"_44":57,"_46":58,"_48":61,"_50":51},{"_40":52,"_42":53,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},{"_40":41,"_42":43,"_44":45,"_46":47,"_48":49,"_50":51},"nemo","allowed","versionId","","UPLOAD_COMPLETE","releaseType","createdDate",["D",1670978823524],["D",1740798592559],"totalSizeInBytes",522516480,"totalFileCount","isSigned","malwareScanStatus","isScanned","releaseNotes","hasReleaseNotes","setup","hasSetup","quickStartGuide","hasQuickStartGuide","advanced","hasAdvanced","performance","hasPerformance","policies",[],{"_78":267,"_263":268,"_238":-5,"_245":26,"_247":26,"_258":266,"_249":26},{"_78":265,"_263":265,"_238":-5,"_245":26,"_247":26,"_258":266,"_249":26},{"_78":212,"_263":212,"_238":-5,"_245":26,"_247":26,"_258":264,"_249":26},"name",[],"1.15.0",[],"-","Latest (1.15.0)","nvidia/nemo/tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech","nvidia/nemo/models/tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech","tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech","This model card includes two Mandarin Chinese models: 1) FastPitch Mel-spectrogram generator trained on SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech dataset; 2) HiFiGAN vocoder trained on Mel-spectrograms predicted by the FastPitch.","## Model Overview\n\nThis collection contains two models:\n\n1. Single-speaker **FastPitch** (around 50M parameters) trained on SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech dataset [1].\n2. **HiFiGAN** trained on Mel-spectrograms predicted by the FastPitch in (1).\n\n## Model Architecture\n\n**FastPitch** [2] is a non-autoregressive model for mel-spectrogram generation based on FastSpeech [3], conditioned on fundamental frequency contours. It uses an external Tacotron 2 [4] model trained on LJSpeech-1.1 to extract training alignments, and estimate durations of input symbols. NeMo implemetation leverages a novel alignment framework [5] to simplify the alignment learning in TTS models. For more informaiton on training a FastPitch model, please refer to NeMo tutorial [FastPitch_MixerTTS_Training](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo/blob/main/tutorials/tts/FastPitch_MixerTTS_Training.ipynb).\n\n**HiFiGAN** [6] is a generative adversarial network (GAN) model that generates audios from mel-spectrograms. The generator uses transposed convolutions to upsample mel-spectrograms to audios. For more details about HiFiGAN, please refer to its original paper. NeMo re-implementation of HiFiGAN can be found [here](https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo/blob/main/nemo/collections/tts/models/hifigan.py).\n\n## Training\n\nYou can follow the NeMo Chinese TTS training tutorial for details: https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo/blob/r1.14.0/tutorials/tts/FastPitch_ChineseTTS_Training.ipynb\n\n### Datasets\n\n* **FastPitch**: the model is trained from scratch on SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech dataset [1] sampled at 22050 Hz. The dataset contains about 2,740 bilingual audio samples of a single female speaker and their corresponding text transcripts, each of them is an audio of around 5-6 seconds and have a total length of approximately 4.5 hours.\n* **HiFiGAN**: the model is finetuned from the [tts_en_lj_hifigan_ft_mixerttsx.nemo](https://api.ngc.nvidia.com/v2/models/nvidia/nemo/tts_en_lj_hifigan/versions/1.6.0/files/tts_en_lj_hifigan_ft_mixerttsx.nemo) in [TTS En LJ HiFi-GAN](https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/teams/nemo/models/tts_en_lj_hifigan) by the mel-spectrograms generated from the FastPitch model above.\n\n## Performance\n\nNo performance information available at this time.\n\n## How to Use this Model\n\nThe model is available for use in the NeMo toolkit [7], and can be used as a pre-trained checkpoint for inference or for fine-tuning on another dataset.\n\n**NOTE**: For best results you should use the vocoder (HiFiGAN) checkpoint in this model card along with the mel spectrogram generator (FastPitch) checkpoint.\n\n### Automatically load the model from NGC\n\n```python\n# Load spectrogram generator\nfrom nemo.collections.tts.models import FastPitchModel\nspec_generator = FastPitchModel.from_pretrained(model_name=\"tts_zh_fastpitch_sfspeech\")\n\n# Load Vocoder\nfrom nemo.collections.tts.models import HifiGanModel\nmodel = HifiGanModel.from_pretrained(model_name=\"tts_zh_hifigan_sfspeech\")\n\n# Generate audio\nimport soundfile as sf\nimport torch\nwith torch.no_grad():\n\tparsed = spec_generator.parse(\"这些新一代的CPU不只效能惊人。\")\n\tspectrogram = spec_generator.generate_spectrogram(tokens=parsed)\n\taudio = model.convert_spectrogram_to_audio(spec=spectrogram)\n\tif isinstance(audio, torch.Tensor):\n\t\taudio = audio.to('cpu').numpy()\n\n# Save the audio to disk in a file called speech.wav\nsf.write(\"speech.wav\", audio.T, 22050, format='WAV')\n```\n\n### Input\n\nThis model accepts batches of texts.\n\n### Output\n\nThis model generates mel spectrograms.\n\n## Limitations\n\nSince this model was trained on publically available speech datasets, the performance of this model might degrade for speech which includes technical terms, or vernacular that the model has not been trained on. The model might also perform worse for accented speech.\n\n## Versions\n* 1.15 (latest): Disambiguate polyphones with augmented dict and Jieba segmenter.\n* 1.14: Initial models.\n\n## References\n\n* [1] SF Chinese/English Bilingual Speech Dataset: https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/resources/sf_bilingual_speech_zh_en\n* [2] FastPitch: Parallel Text-to-speech with Pitch Prediction: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06873\n* [3] Fastspeech: Fast, robust and controllable\n text to speech: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09263\n* [4] Natural TTS Synthesis by Conditioning WaveNet on Mel Spectrogram Predictions https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.05884\n* [5] One TTS Alignment To Rule Them All: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.10447\n* [6] HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesis: https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.05646\n* [7] NVIDIA NeMo Toolkit: https://github.com/NVIDIA/NeMo\n\n## NVIDIA License\n\n1. Definitions\n\n\"Licensor\" means any person or entity that distributes its Work.\n\n\"Work\" means (a) the original work of authorship made available under this license, which may include software, documentation, or other files, and (b) any additions to or derivative works thereof that are made available under this license.\n\nThe terms \"reproduce,\" \"reproduction,\" \"derivative works,\" and \"distribution\" have the meaning as provided under U.S. copyright law; provided, however, that for the purposes of this license, derivative works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work.\n\nWorks are \"made available\" under this license by including in or with the Work either (a) a copyright notice referencing the applicability of this license to the Work, or (b) a copy of this license.\n\n2. License Grant\n\n2.1 Copyright Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this license, each Licensor grants to you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, copyright license to use, reproduce, prepare derivative works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense and distribute its Work and any resulting derivative works in any form.\n\n3. Limitations\n\n3.1. Redistribution. You may reproduce or distribute the Work only if (a) you do so under this license, (b) you include a complete copy of this license with your distribution, and (c) you retain without modification any copyright, patent, trademark, or attribution notices that are present in the Work.\n\n3.2 Derivative Works. You may specify that additional or different terms apply to the use, reproduction, and distribution of your derivative works of the Work (\"Your Terms\") only if (a) Your Terms provide that the use limitation in Section 3.3 applies to your derivative works, and (b) you identify the specific derivative works that are subject to Your Terms. Notwithstanding Your Terms, this license (including the redistribution requirements in Section 3.1) will continue to apply to the Work itself.\n\n3.3 Use Limitation. The Work and any derivative works thereof only may be used or intended for use non-commercially. Notwithstanding the foregoing, NVIDIA Corporation and its affiliates may use the Work and any derivative works commercially. As used herein, \"non-commercially\" means for research or evaluation purposes only.\n\n3.4 Patent Claims. If you bring or threaten to bring a patent claim against any Licensor (including any claim, cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) to enforce any patents that you allege are infringed by any Work, then your rights under this license from such Licensor (including the grant in Section 2.1) will terminate immediately.\n\n3.5 Trademarks. This license does not grant any rights to use any Licensor's or its affiliates' names, logos, or trademarks, except as necessary to reproduce the notices described in this license.\n\n3.6 Termination. If you violate any term of this license, then your rights under this license (including the grant in Section 2.1) will terminate immediately.\n\n4. Disclaimer of Warranty.\n\nTHE WORK IS PROVIDED \"AS IS\" WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF\n\nMERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. YOU BEAR THE RISK OF UNDERTAKING ANY ACTIVITIES UNDER THIS LICENSE.\n\n5. Limitation of Liability.\n\nEXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT AND UNDER NO LEGAL THEORY, WHETHER IN TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), CONTRACT, OR OTHERWISE SHALL ANY LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS LICENSE, THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE WORK (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF GOODWILL, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOST PROFITS OR DATA, COMPUTER FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION, OR ANY OTHER DAMAGES OR LOSSES), EVEN IF THE LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.","TTS Zh Fastpitch HifiGan SFSpeech",["D",1680635697179],"/api/image/nvidia/nemo/models/tts_zh_fastpitch_hifigan_sfspeech","https://assets.nvidiagrid.net/ngc/logos/Nemo.png",522526720,"bias","explainability","privacy","safetyAndSecurity",[],[288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296],[],[],[],{"_91":316,"_131":317,"_132":318,"_134":135},{"_91":313,"_131":314,"_132":315,"_134":135},{"_91":309,"_131":310,"_132":311,"_134":135},{"_91":151,"_131":151,"_132":308,"_134":135},{"_91":306,"_131":306,"_132":307,"_134":135},{"_91":304,"_131":304,"_132":305,"_134":135},{"_91":301,"_131":301,"_132":302,"_134":135},{"_91":299,"_131":299,"_132":300,"_134":135},{"_91":297,"_131":297,"_132":298,"_134":135},"zh",{"_136":135,"_131":297},"pytorchlightning",{"_136":135,"_131":299},"PyTorch",{"_136":303,"_131":301},"framework","NeMo",{"_136":303,"_131":304},"hifigan",{"_136":135,"_131":306},{"_136":135,"_131":151},"DL","soln_dl",{"_136":312,"_131":310},"technology","Conversational AI","soln_conversational_ai",{"_136":312,"_131":314},"AI","soln_ai",{"_136":312,"_131":317},{"_179":1488,"_181":1489},"ngcApps",[1441],"csaApiBaseUrl","https://www.nvidia.com/ai-agents/csa-agent/dcsm","datadogRum",{"_1422":1423,"_1424":1425,"_1426":1427,"_1428":1429,"_1430":330,"_211":354,"_1431":1432,"_1433":51,"_1434":158,"_1435":158,"_1436":1437,"_1438":158,"_1439":1440},"amplitude",{"_1419":1420,"_1026":-7,"_1421":26},"disableJs","environment","prod","featureFlagsBlob","JTdCJTIydGVzdEZsYWclMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMnNob3dTZWFyY2hMYWJlbFNldEZpbHRlcnMlMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMmNoaW5hTmltRGlzdHJpYnV0b3JzUmVkZXNpZ24lMjIlM0F0cnVlJTJDJTIyZW5hYmxlQ3NhV2lkZ2V0JTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlMkMlMjJlbmFibGVQcm9kdWN0R3JvdXBpbmdCeVN1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiUyMiUzQWZhbHNlJTJDJTIyY29udGFpbmVyU2Nhbm5pbmdSZWRlc2lnbk0xJTIyJTNBdHJ1ZSU3RA==","featureFlagsGuarded","isDevLikeEnv","isPlaywright","isMobileDevice","categorizedOrgs",{"_1413":1414,"_1415":1416,"_1417":1418},"currentOrgContext","currentContextRoles",[],"enterpriseOrgs",[],"locale","en","ngcApiOrigin","ngcHelmOrigin","origin","https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","usesMocks","theme","year",2026,"1.7.3","defaultSearchSuggestions",{"_1301":236,"_1302":1303,"_1304":1305,"_1306":1307},"announcements",[],"consentState",{"_392":1291,"_1292":158,"_1293":26,"_1294":26,"_1295":1296},"consentConfig",{"_374":375,"_376":377,"_378":379,"_380":381,"_382":383,"_384":385,"_386":387,"_388":389,"_390":391,"_392":393},"showContactAdmin",1784107647003,[],[],[368,369,370,371,372,373],{"_40":55,"_42":66,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},{"_40":55,"_42":64,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},{"_40":55,"_42":62,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},{"_40":55,"_42":60,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},{"_40":52,"_42":53,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},{"_40":41,"_42":43,"_44":174,"_46":-5,"_48":-5,"_50":51},"mainInfoText","We and our third-party partners (including social media, advertising, and analytics partners) use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect, store, monitor, and process certain information about you when you visit our website. 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They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.","alwaysActive","order",11,"cookies",[],"hosts",[],"C0004","Advertising Cookies","These cookies record your visit to our websites, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed to influence the advertisements that you see on other websites. These cookies and the information they collect may be managed by other companies, including our advertising partners, and may be used to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant advertising on other sites. We and our advertising partners will use this information to make our websites and the advertising displayed on it, more relevant to your interests.",5,[543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577],[416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432],{"_433":539,"_91":539,"_90":236,"_406":540},{"_433":534,"_91":534,"_90":236,"_406":535},{"_433":530,"_91":530,"_90":236,"_406":531},{"_433":525,"_91":525,"_90":236,"_406":526},{"_433":520,"_91":520,"_90":236,"_406":521},{"_433":508,"_91":508,"_90":236,"_406":509},{"_433":496,"_91":496,"_90":236,"_406":497},{"_433":491,"_91":491,"_90":236,"_406":492},{"_433":480,"_91":480,"_90":236,"_406":481},{"_433":475,"_91":475,"_90":236,"_406":476},{"_433":470,"_91":470,"_90":236,"_406":471},{"_433":465,"_91":465,"_90":236,"_406":466},{"_433":460,"_91":460,"_90":236,"_406":461},{"_433":455,"_91":455,"_90":236,"_406":456},{"_433":450,"_91":450,"_90":236,"_406":451},{"_433":443,"_91":443,"_90":236,"_406":444},{"_433":434,"_91":434,"_90":236,"_406":435},"hostName","amazon-adsystem.com",[436,437],{"_263":442,"_439":434,"_440":26,"_90":441},{"_263":438,"_439":434,"_440":26,"_90":441},"ad-privacy","host","isSession","This domain is owned by online retailer Amazon and is used as part of its affiliate marketing programme.","ad-id","doubleclick.net",[445,446],{"_263":449,"_439":443,"_440":26,"_90":448},{"_263":447,"_439":443,"_440":26,"_90":448},"IDE","This domain is owned by Doubleclick (Google). 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It is used as a URL shortening service, which allows Twitter to collect data on how links are shared.","snowplow.com",[472],{"_263":473,"_439":470,"_440":26,"_90":474},"sp","Testing","google.com",[477],{"_263":478,"_439":475,"_440":26,"_90":479},"NID","This domain is owned by Google Inc. Although Google is primarily known as a search engine, the company provides a diverse range of products and services. Its main source of revenue however is advertising. Google tracks users extensively both through its own products and sites, and the numerous technologies embedded into many millions of websites around the world. It uses the data gathered from most of these services to profile the interests of web users and sell advertising space to organisations based on such interest profiles as well as aligning adverts to the content on the pages where its customer's adverts appear.","tags.srv.stackadapt.com",[482,483,484,485],{"_263":490,"_439":480,"_440":26,"_90":487},{"_263":489,"_439":480,"_440":26,"_90":487},{"_263":488,"_439":480,"_440":26,"_90":487},{"_263":486,"_439":480,"_440":26,"_90":487},"sa-user-id-v3","This domain is associated with StackAdapt, a platform for programmatic advertising, which suggests that it is used for targeting and advertising purposes.","sa-user-id","sa-user-id-v2","sa-user-id-v4","linkedin.com",[493],{"_263":494,"_439":491,"_440":26,"_90":495},"bcookie","This domain is owned by LinkedIn, the business networking platform. It typically acts as a third party host where website owners have placed one of its content sharing buttons in their pages, although its content and services can be embedded in other ways. Although such buttons add functionality to the website they are on, cookies are set regardless of whether or not the visitor has an active Linkedin profile, or agreed to their terms and conditions. For this reason it is classified as a primarily tracking/targeting domain.","twitter.com",[498,499,500,501],{"_263":507,"_439":496,"_440":26,"_90":503},{"_263":505,"_439":496,"_440":26,"_90":506},{"_263":504,"_439":496,"_440":26,"_90":503},{"_263":502,"_439":496,"_440":26,"_90":503},"personalization_id","This domain is owned by Twitter. The main business activity is: Social Networking Services. Where twitter acts as a third party host, it collects data through a range of plug-ins and integrations, that is primarily used for tracking and targeting.","guest_id_marketing","guest_id","Twitter does not currently provide information on the use of specific cookies.","guest_id_ads","youtube.com",[510,511,512,513],{"_263":519,"_439":508,"_440":26,"_90":517},{"_263":518,"_439":508,"_440":26,"_90":517},{"_263":516,"_439":508,"_440":26,"_90":517},{"_263":514,"_439":508,"_440":26,"_90":515},"VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE","This cookie is used as a unique identifier to track viewing of videos","__Secure-YNID","YouTube is a Google owned platform for hosting and sharing videos. YouTube collects user data through videos embedded in websites, which is aggregated with profile data from other Google services in order to display targeted advertising to web visitors across a broad range of their own and other websites.","__Secure-YEC","__Secure-ROLLOUT_TOKEN","demdex.net",[522],{"_263":523,"_439":520,"_440":26,"_90":524},"demdex","This cookie helps Adobe Audience Manger perform basic functions such as visitor identification, ID synchronization, segmentation, modeling, reporting, etc.","im-apps.net",[527],{"_263":528,"_439":525,"_440":26,"_90":529},"receive-cookie-deprecation","This domain is owned by im-apps.net which provides information and resources about various instant messaging (IM) applications to help users make informed decisions based on their communication needs.","influ2.com",[532],{"_263":533,"_439":530,"_440":26,"_90":474},"R","6sc.co",[536],{"_263":537,"_439":534,"_440":26,"_90":538},"6suuid","This domain is associated with the company 6Sense Insights, Inc., which provides predictive analytics and account engagement services. 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It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier.","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_identity","_rdt_pn","www.nvidia.com","This cookie name is associated with www.mind.org.uk which is used for marketing purposes.","ai-podcast.nvidia.com","This cookie is used to identify the user's session on the website and is often associated with analytics or personalization.","_gcl_au","Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services","_mkto_trk","This cookie is associated with an email marketing service provided by Marketo. This tracking cookie allows a website to link visitor behaviour to the recipient of an email marketing campaign, to measure campaign effectiveness.","_gat_gtag_UA_140825383_2","Google Analytics","_zitok","This cookie name is associated with ZoomInfo which is used to maintain a unique visitor identifier and store Personally Identifiable Information.","_rdt_uuid","This cookie is set by Reddit and is used for tracking the views of embedded videos and performance of the advertisements.","AMP_91bf70adfe","Supports Amplitude product analytics.","This cookie name is associated with StackAdapt Inc. which is used to support the effective management and optimization of digital advertising campaigns by handling information such as visitor actions on websites, visited pages, time spent, page load speed, and more.","build.nvidia.com","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_cluster","_cs_nnnnnnnnnnnnn","This is a session cookie. 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It is commonly used for analytics and personalization of content.","marketplace.nvidia.com","AMP_MKTG_92dea1e784","This cookie is typically associated with SnackTools, which is a suite of web applications for creating and sharing multimedia content. It is used to identify a user across sessions and track user activities.","forums.developer.nvidia.com","This cookie is typically associated with the use of Taptap Digital, a company specializing in digital advertising. It is used for tracking and ad personalization purposes.","_tt_enable_cookie","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to collect data about behavior and purchases on the website and to measure the effect of advertising. It is also used to track website activity to help optimize advertising efforts.","AMCV_xxxxxAdobeOrg","This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor for tracking purposes by Adobe Experience Cloud.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.","ttcsid","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to enable TikTok Ads session tracking by assigning a unique session ID to users who click on TikTok ads, allowing for the attribution of user behavior and conversions within the same session.This cookie is associated with TikTok. It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","AMP_MKTG_91bf70adfe","C0003","Personalization Cookies","These cookies collect data about how you have interacted with our website to help us improve your web experience, such as which pages you have visited. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These cookies enable us to provide enhanced website functionality and personalization as well as make the marketing messages we send to you more relevant to your interests. If you do not allow these cookies, then some or all of these services may not function properly.",[665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685],[630,631,632,633,634],{"_433":525,"_91":525,"_90":236,"_406":656},{"_433":491,"_91":491,"_90":236,"_406":651},{"_433":644,"_91":644,"_90":236,"_406":645},{"_433":640,"_91":640,"_90":236,"_406":641},{"_433":635,"_91":635,"_90":236,"_406":636},"nvcrm.my.site.com",[637],{"_263":638,"_439":635,"_440":26,"_90":639},"BrowserId","If you know anything about this cookie and its uses that are not specific to a particular site please add your contributions.","nvidia.partners",[642],{"_263":643,"_439":640,"_440":26,"_90":474},"edge","github.com",[646,647],{"_263":650,"_439":644,"_440":26,"_90":649},{"_263":648,"_439":644,"_440":26,"_90":649},"logged_in","This domain is owned by Github. 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The data is aggregated and analyzed; therefore, it remains anonymous upon use.\n","nvHeadless","This cookie is likely used to track if a user is using the site in a 'headless' non-GUI mode, which could be for accessibility reasons or for automated processes.","_biz_nA","C0002","Performance Cookies","These cookies are used to provide quantitative measures of our website visitors, such as the number of times you visit, time on page, your mouse movements, scrolling, clicks and keystroke activity on the websites; other browsing, search, or product research behavior; and what brought you to our site. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. Information collected with these cookies is used to measure and find ways to improve website 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