[{"_1":2,"_3":-5,"_4":-5},"loaderData",{"_5":6,"_7":8,"_9":10,"_11":12},"actionData","errors","root",{"_68":265,"_266":267,"_268":269,"_270":271,"_272":273,"_274":26,"_275":276,"_277":278,"_279":26,"_280":26,"_281":26,"_282":26,"_283":284,"_285":-5,"_286":287,"_288":289,"_290":291,"_292":94,"_293":96,"_294":295,"_88":-5,"_296":26,"_297":-5,"_298":299,"_117":300,"_301":302,"_303":304,"_305":306,"_307":308,"_309":26,"_21":22,"_23":310,"_25":26,"_27":311,"_29":312,"_31":313},"routes/orgs/$orgName/$teamName/$resourceType/$resourceId/$version/route",{"_103":104,"_17":105,"_106":107,"_108":109,"_110":26,"_111":112,"_113":26,"_114":26,"_115":116,"_117":14,"_118":-5,"_119":120,"_121":-5,"_122":123,"_124":125,"_126":26,"_127":128,"_21":22,"_23":129,"_25":26,"_27":130,"_29":131,"_31":132},"routes/orgs/$orgName/$teamName/$resourceType/$resourceId/$version/_access/route",{"_65":66,"_67":-5,"_68":69,"_70":71,"_21":22,"_23":72,"_25":26,"_27":73,"_29":74,"_31":75},"routes/orgs/$orgName/$teamName/$resourceType/$resourceId/$version/release-notes/route",{"_13":14,"_15":16,"_17":18,"_19":20,"_21":22,"_23":24,"_25":26,"_27":28,"_29":30,"_31":32},"versionId","21.02.0","releaseNotes","### Changelog\n\nMarch 2021\n- Container updated to 21.02\n- Change data format from tfrecord to npy and data loading for 2D \n\nJanuary 2021\n- Initial release\n- Add notebook with custom dataset loading\n\n### Known issues\n\nThere are no known issues in this release.","html","

Changelog

March 2021

Container updated to 21.02
Change data format from tfrecord to npy and data loading for 2D

January 2021

Initial release
Add notebook with custom dataset loading

Known issues

There are no known issues in this release.

","resourceType","resources","traceId","d1ccc11cb7946b3a35352ea6c8412c95","traceStartTime",1784308366288,"isStaleResponse",false,"notifications",[],"toasts",[],"apiCalls",[33,34,35,36,37,38],{"_39":54,"_41":63,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":64,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":61,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":59,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":60,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":55,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":58,"_49":50},{"_39":51,"_41":52,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":53,"_49":50},{"_39":40,"_41":42,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50},"apiTag","subscription-api","path","/v2/users/me/subscriptions","status","error","httpStatus",401,"durationMs",2,"retryCount",0,"oms-api","/v2/users/me",3,"models-api","/v2/resources/org/nvidia/nnunet_for_pytorch/collections?page-number=0&page-size=1","success",200,45,"/v2/resources/nvidia/nnunet_for_pytorch/versions/21.02.0",54,"/v2/resources/nvidia/nnunet_for_pytorch/versions?page-size=100&page-number=0&sort-order=CREATED_DATE_DESC","pending","/v2/resources/nvidia/nnunet_for_pytorch?resolve-labels=true&remove-unresolved-labels=true",48,"canDownload",true,"accessDeniedReason","appConfig",{"_86":87,"_88":89},"debugAccessInfo",{"_82":66,"_83":84,"_85":26},1784308366282,[],[],[76,77,78,79,80,81],{"_39":54,"_41":63,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":64,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":61,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":59,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":55,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":58,"_49":50},{"_39":51,"_41":52,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":40,"_41":42,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50},"canGuestAccess","requiredProducts",[],"hasLicenseRequirement","urls",{"_91":92,"_93":94,"_95":96,"_97":98,"_99":100,"_101":102},"user",{"_90":26},"loggedIn","build","https://build.nvidia.com","ngcApi","https://api.ngc.nvidia.com","ngcHelm","https://helm.ngc.nvidia.com","ngcRegistry","https://registry.ngc.nvidia.com","orgUi","https://org.ngc.nvidia.com","ngcUi","https://ngc.nvidia.com","resource",{"_184":209,"_210":211,"_19":20,"_212":213,"_140":141,"_142":-7,"_214":215,"_144":216,"_217":218,"_149":219,"_220":221,"_222":205,"_223":-7,"_224":-7,"_225":226,"_227":228,"_229":66,"_230":231,"_232":-5,"_233":-7,"_234":-7,"_235":-7,"_236":-7,"_237":-7,"_238":-7,"_239":240,"_241":242,"_243":244,"_245":246,"_247":248,"_249":26},"

The nnU-Net (\"no-new-Net\") refers to a robust and self-adapting framework for U-Net based medical image segmentation. This repository contains a nnU-Net implementation as described in the paper: nnU-Net: Self-adapting Framework for U-Net-Based Medical Image Segmentation.

The differences between this nnU-net and original model are:

Dynamic selection of patch size is not supported, and it has to be set in data_preprocessing/configs.py file.
Cascaded U-Net is not supported.
The following data augmentations are not used: rotation, simulation of low resolution, gamma augmentation.

This model is trained with mixed precision using Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing, and the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architectures. Therefore, researchers can get results 2x faster than training without Tensor Cores, while experiencing the benefits of mixed precision training. This model is tested against each NGC monthly container release to ensure consistent accuracy and performance over time.

We developed the model using PyTorch Lightning, a new easy to use framework that ensures code readability and reproducibility without the boilerplate.

Model architecture

\nThe nnU-Net allows training two types of networks: 2D U-Net and 3D U-Net to perform semantic segmentation of 3D images, with high accuracy and performance.

The following figure shows the architecture of the 3D U-Net model and its different components. U-Net is composed of a contractive and an expanding path, that aims at building a bottleneck in its centremost part through a combination of convolution, instance norm and leaky relu operations. After this bottleneck, the image is reconstructed through a combination of convolutions and upsampling. Skip connections are added with the goal of helping the backward flow of gradients in order to improve the training.

Figure 1: The 3D U-Net architecture

Default configuration

All convolution blocks in U-Net in both encoder and decoder are using two convolution layers followed by instance normalization and a leaky ReLU nonlinearity. For downsampling we are using stride convolution whereas transposed convolution for upsampling.

All models were trained with Adam optimizer. For loss function we use the average of cross-entropy and dice coefficient.

Early stopping is triggered if validation dice score wasn't improved during the last 100 epochs.

Used data augmentation: crop with oversampling the foreground class, mirroring, zoom, Gaussian noise, Gaussian blur, brightness, contrast.

Feature support matrix

The following features are supported by this model:

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

tr:nth-child(odd)]:bg-surface-sunken\">

Feature	nnUNet
DALI	Yes
Automatic mixed precision (AMP)	Yes
Distributed data parallel (DDP)	Yes

Features

DALI

NVIDIA DALI - DALI is a library accelerating data preparation pipeline. To accelerate your input pipeline, you only need to define your data loader\nwith the DALI library. For details, see example sources in this repository or see the DALI documentation

Automatic Mixed Precision (AMP)

This implementation uses native PyTorch AMP implementation of mixed precision training. It allows us to use FP16 training with FP32 master weights by modifying just a few lines of code.

DistributedDataParallel (DDP)

The model uses PyTorch Lightning implementation of distributed data parallelism at the module level which can run across multiple machines.

Mixed precision training

Mixed precision is the combined use of different numerical precisions in a computational method. Mixed precision training offers significant computational speedup by performing operations in half-precision format, while storing minimal information in single-precision to retain as much information as possible in critical parts of the network. Since the introduction of Tensor Cores in Volta, and following with both the Turing and Ampere architectures, significant training speedups are experienced by switching to mixed precision -- up to 3x overall speedup on the most arithmetically intense model architectures. Using mixed precision training requires two steps:

Porting the model to use the FP16 data type where appropriate.
Adding loss scaling to preserve small gradient values.

The ability to train deep learning networks with lower precision was introduced in the Pascal architecture and first supported in CUDA 8 in the NVIDIA Deep Learning SDK.

For information about:

How to train using mixed precision, see the Mixed Precision Training paper and Training With Mixed Precision documentation.
Techniques used for mixed precision training, see the Mixed-Precision Training of Deep Neural Networks blog.
APEX tools for mixed precision training, see the NVIDIA Apex: Tools for Easy Mixed-Precision Training in PyTorch.

Enabling mixed precision

For training and inference, mixed precision can be enabled by adding the --amp flag. Mixed precision is using native PyTorch implementation.

TF32

TensorFloat-32 (TF32) is the new math mode in NVIDIA A100 GPUs for handling the matrix math also called tensor operations. TF32 running on Tensor Cores in A100 GPUs can provide up to 10x speedups compared to single-precision floating-point math (FP32) on Volta GPUs.

TF32 Tensor Cores can speed up networks using FP32, typically with no loss of accuracy. It is more robust than FP16 for models which require high dynamic range for weights or activations.

For more information, refer to the TensorFloat-32 in the A100 GPU Accelerates AI Training, HPC up to 20x blog post.

TF32 is supported in the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architecture and is enabled by default.

Glossary

Test time augmentation

Test time augmentation is an inference technique which averages predictions from augmented images with its prediction. As a result, predictions are more accurate, but with the cost of slower inference process. For nnU-Net, we use all possible flip combinations for image augmenting. Test time augmentation can be enabled by adding the --tta flag.

","resourceVersions",[172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183],"resourceVersionsTotal",11,"hasMoreVersions","versionMetadata",{"_13":14,"_144":-5,"_43":145,"_146":-5,"_147":148,"_149":-5,"_150":151,"_152":153,"_154":26,"_155":-5,"_156":26,"_15":16,"_157":66,"_158":159,"_160":66,"_161":162,"_163":66,"_164":165,"_166":66,"_167":168,"_169":66,"_170":171},"versionNotFound","isLoggedIn","latestVersionPath","/orgs/nvidia/-/resources/nnunet_for_pytorch/-","version","imageReference","cliDownloadCommand","ngc registry resource download-version nvidia/nnunet_for_pytorch:21.02.0","helmFetchCommand","viewAllVersionsPath","/orgs/nvidia/-/resources/nnunet_for_pytorch/21.02.0/version-history","accessCheckResult",{"_143":66},"hasRelatedCollections","context",{"_140":141,"_142":-7},1784308366290,[],[],[133,134,135,136,137,138],{"_39":54,"_41":63,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":64,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":61,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":139,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":59,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":60,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":55,"_43":56,"_45":57,"_47":58,"_49":50},{"_39":51,"_41":52,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":53,"_49":50},{"_39":40,"_41":42,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":48,"_49":50},57,"orgName","nvidia","teamName","allowed","description","UPLOAD_COMPLETE","releaseType","createdDate",["D",1615399236337],"updatedDate","totalSizeInBytes",3760534,"totalFileCount",25,"isSigned","malwareScanStatus","isScanned","hasReleaseNotes","setup","The following section lists the requirements that you need to meet in order to start training the nnU-Net model.\n\n### Requirements\n\nThis repository contains Dockerfile which extends the PyTorch NGC container and encapsulates some dependencies. Aside from these dependencies, ensure you have the following components:\n- [NVIDIA Docker](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-docker)\n- PyTorch 21.11 NGC container\n- Supported GPUs:\n - [NVIDIA Volta architecture](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/volta-gpu-architecture/)\n - [NVIDIA Turing architecture](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/geforce/turing/)\n - [NVIDIA Ampere architecture](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/nvidia-ampere-gpu-architecture/)\n\nFor more information about how to get started with NGC containers, see the following sections from the NVIDIA GPU Cloud Documentation and the Deep Learning Documentation:\n- [Getting Started Using NVIDIA GPU Cloud](https://docs.nvidia.com/ngc/ngc-getting-started-guide/index.html)\n- [Accessing And Pulling From The NGC Container Registry](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/frameworks/user-guide/index.html#accessing_registry)\n- Running [PyTorch](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/frameworks/pytorch-release-notes/running.html#running)\n \nFor those unable to use the PyTorch NGC container, to set up the required environment or create your own container, see the versioned [NVIDIA Container Support Matrix](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/frameworks/support-matrix/index.html).","hasSetup","quickStartGuide","To train your model using mixed or TF32 precision with Tensor Cores or using FP32, perform the following steps using the default parameters of the nnUNet model on the [Medical Segmentation Decathlon](http://medicaldecathlon.com/) dataset. For the specifics concerning training and inference, see the [Advanced](#advanced) section.\n\n1. Clone the repository.\n\nExecuting this command will create your local repository with all the code to run nnU-Net.\n```\ngit clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/DeepLearningExamples\ncd DeepLearningExamples/PyTorch/Segmentation/nnUNet\n```\n \n2. Build the nnU-Net PyTorch NGC container.\n \nThis command will use the Dockerfile to create a Docker image named `nnunet`, downloading all the required components automatically.\n\n```\ndocker build -t nnunet .\n```\n \nThe NGC container contains all the components optimized for usage on NVIDIA hardware.\n \n3. Start an interactive session in the NGC container to run preprocessing/training/inference.\n \nThe following command will launch the container and mount the `./data` directory as a volume to the `/data` directory inside the container, and `./results` directory to the `/results` directory in the container.\n \n```\nmkdir data results\ndocker run -it --runtime=nvidia --shm-size=8g --ulimit memlock=-1 --ulimit stack=67108864 --rm -v ${PWD}/data:/data -v ${PWD}/results:/results nnunet:latest /bin/bash\n```\n\n4. Prepare BraTS dataset.\n\nTo download and preprocess the data run:\n```\npython download.py --task 01\npython preprocess.py --task 01 --dim 3\npython preprocess.py --task 01 --dim 2\n```\n\nThen `ls /data` should print:\n```\n01_3d 01_2d Task01_BrainTumour\n```\n\nFor the specifics concerning data preprocessing, see the [Getting the data](#getting-the-data) section.\n \n5. Start training.\n \nTraining can be started with:\n```\npython scripts/train.py --gpus --fold --dim [--amp]\n```\n\nTo see descriptions of the train script arguments run `python scripts/train.py --help`. You can customize the training process. For details, see the [Training process](#training-process) section.\n\n6. Start benchmarking.\n\nThe training and inference performance can be evaluated by using benchmarking scripts, such as:\n \n```\npython scripts/benchmark.py --mode {train,predict} --gpus --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp] \n```\n\nTo see descriptions of the benchmark script arguments run `python scripts/benchmark.py --help`.\n\n7. Start inference/predictions.\n \nInference can be started with:\n```\npython scripts/inference.py --data --dim --fold --ckpt_path [--amp] [--tta] [--save_preds]\n```\n\nNote: You have to prepare either validation or test dataset to run this script by running `python preprocess.py --task 01 --dim {2,3} --exec_mode {val,test}`. After preprocessing inside given task directory (e.g. `/data/01_3d/` for task 01 and dim 3) it will create `val` or `test` directory with preprocessed data ready for inference. Possible workflow:\n\n```\npython preprocess.py --task 01 --dim 3 --exec_mode val\npython scripts/inference.py --data /data/01_3d/val --dim 3 --fold 0 --ckpt_path --amp --tta --save_preds\n```\n\nThen if you have labels for predicted images you can evaluate it with `evaluate.py` script. For example:\n\n```\npython evaluate.py --preds /results/preds_task_01_dim_3_fold_0_tta --lbls /data/Task01_BrainTumour/labelsTr\n```\n\nTo see descriptions of the inference script arguments run `python scripts/inference.py --help`. You can customize the inference process. For details, see the [Inference process](#inference-process) section.\n\nNow that you have your model trained and evaluated, you can choose to compare your training results with our [Training accuracy results](#training-accuracy-results). You can also choose to benchmark yours performance to [Training performance benchmark](#training-performance-results), or [Inference performance benchmark](#inference-performance-results). Following the steps in these sections will ensure that you achieve the same accuracy and performance results as stated in the [Results](#results) section.","hasQuickStartGuide","advanced","The following sections provide greater details of the dataset, running training and inference, and the training results.\n\n### Scripts and sample code\n\nIn the root directory, the most important files are:\n\n* `main.py`: Entry point to the application. Runs training, evaluation, inference or benchmarking.\n* `preprocess.py`: Entry point to data preprocessing.\n* `download.py`: Downloads given dataset from [Medical Segmentation Decathlon](http://medicaldecathlon.com/).\n* `Dockerfile`: Container with the basic set of dependencies to run nnU-Net.\n* `requirements.txt:` Set of extra requirements for running nnU-Net.\n* `evaluate.py`: Compare predictions with ground truth and get final score.\n \nThe `data_preprocessing` folder contains information about the data preprocessing used by nnU-Net. Its contents are:\n \n* `configs.py`: Defines dataset configuration like patch size or spacing.\n* `preprocessor.py`: Implements data preprocessing pipeline.\n* `convert2tfrec.py`: Implements conversion from NumPy files to tfrecords.\n \nThe `data_loading` folder contains information about the data pipeline used by nnU-Net. Its contents are:\n \n* `data_module.py`: Defines `LightningDataModule` used by PyTorch Lightning.\n* `dali_loader.py`: Implements DALI data loader.\n \nThe `nnunet` folder contains information about the building blocks of nnU-Net and the way they are assembled. Its contents are:\n \n* `metrics.py`: Implements dice metric\n* `loss.py`: Implements loss function.\n* `nn_unet.py`: Implements training/validation/test logic and dynamic creation of U-Net architecture used by nnU-Net.\n \nThe `utils` folder includes:\n\n* `args.py`: Defines command line arguments.\n* `utils.py`: Defines utility functions.\n* `logger.py`: Defines logging callback for performance benchmarking.\n\nThe `notebooks` folder includes:\n\n* `BraTS21.ipynb`: Notebook with our solution for BraTS21 challenge.\n* `custom_dataset.ipynb`: Notebook which demonstrates how to use nnU-Net with custom dataset.\n\nOther folders included in the root directory are:\n\n* `images/`: Contains a model diagram.\n* `scripts/`: Provides scripts for training, benchmarking and inference of nnU-Net.\n\n### Command-line options\n\nTo see the full list of available options and their descriptions, use the `-h` or `--help` command-line option, for example:\n\n`python main.py --help`\n\nThe following example output is printed when running the model:\n\n```\nusage: main.py [-h] [--exec_mode {train,evaluate,predict}] [--data DATA] [--results RESULTS] [--logname LOGNAME] [--task TASK] [--gpus GPUS] [--learning_rate LEARNING_RATE] [--gradient_clip_val GRADIENT_CLIP_VAL] [--negative_slope NEGATIVE_SLOPE] [--tta] [--brats] [--deep_supervision] [--more_chn] [--invert_resampled_y] [--amp] [--benchmark] [--focal] [--sync_batchnorm] [--save_ckpt] [--nfolds NFOLDS] [--seed SEED] [--skip_first_n_eval SKIP_FIRST_N_EVAL] [--ckpt_path CKPT_PATH] [--fold FOLD] [--patience PATIENCE] [--batch_size BATCH_SIZE] [--val_batch_size VAL_BATCH_SIZE] [--profile] [--momentum MOMENTUM] [--weight_decay WEIGHT_DECAY] [--save_preds] [--dim {2,3}] [--resume_training] [--num_workers NUM_WORKERS] [--epochs EPOCHS] [--warmup WARMUP] [--norm {instance,batch,group}] [--nvol NVOL] [--depth DEPTH] [--min_fmap MIN_FMAP] [--deep_supr_num DEEP_SUPR_NUM] [--res_block] [--filters FILTERS [FILTERS ...]] [--data2d_dim {2,3}] [--oversampling OVERSAMPLING] [--overlap OVERLAP] [--affinity {socket,single_single,single_single_unique,socket_unique_interleaved,socket_unique_continuous,disabled}] [--scheduler] [--optimizer {sgd,adam}] [--blend {gaussian,constant}] [--train_batches TRAIN_BATCHES] [--test_batches TEST_BATCHES]\n\noptional arguments:\n -h, --help show this help message and exit\n --exec_mode {train,evaluate,predict}\n Execution mode to run the model (default: train)\n --data DATA Path to data directory (default: /data)\n --results RESULTS Path to results directory (default: /results)\n --logname LOGNAME Name of dlloger output (default: None)\n --task TASK Task number. MSD uses numbers 01-10 (default: None)\n --gpus GPUS Number of gpus (default: 1)\n --learning_rate LEARNING_RATE\n Learning rate (default: 0.0008)\n --gradient_clip_val GRADIENT_CLIP_VAL\n Gradient clipping norm value (default: 0)\n --negative_slope NEGATIVE_SLOPE\n Negative slope for LeakyReLU (default: 0.01)\n --tta Enable test time augmentation (default: False)\n --brats Enable BraTS specific training and inference (default: False)\n --deep_supervision Enable deep supervision (default: False)\n --more_chn Create encoder with more channels (default: False)\n --invert_resampled_y Resize predictions to match label size before resampling (default: False)\n --amp Enable automatic mixed precision (default: False)\n --benchmark Run model benchmarking (default: False)\n --focal Use focal loss instead of cross entropy (default: False)\n --sync_batchnorm Enable synchronized batchnorm (default: False)\n --save_ckpt Enable saving checkpoint (default: False)\n --nfolds NFOLDS Number of cross-validation folds (default: 5)\n --seed SEED Random seed (default: 1)\n --skip_first_n_eval SKIP_FIRST_N_EVAL\n Skip the evaluation for the first n epochs. (default: 0)\n --ckpt_path CKPT_PATH\n Path to checkpoint (default: None)\n --fold FOLD Fold number (default: 0)\n --patience PATIENCE Early stopping patience (default: 100)\n --batch_size BATCH_SIZE\n Batch size (default: 2)\n --val_batch_size VAL_BATCH_SIZE\n Validation batch size (default: 4)\n --profile Run dlprof profiling (default: False)\n --momentum MOMENTUM Momentum factor (default: 0.99)\n --weight_decay WEIGHT_DECAY\n Weight decay (L2 penalty) (default: 0.0001)\n --save_preds Enable prediction saving (default: False)\n --dim {2,3} UNet dimension (default: 3)\n --resume_training Resume training from the last checkpoint (default: False)\n --num_workers NUM_WORKERS\n Number of subprocesses to use for data loading (default: 8)\n --epochs EPOCHS Number of training epochs (default: 1000)\n --warmup WARMUP Warmup iterations before collecting statistics (default: 5)\n --norm {instance,batch,group}\n Normalization layer (default: instance)\n --nvol NVOL Number of volumes which come into single batch size for 2D model (default: 4)\n --depth DEPTH The depth of the encoder (default: 5)\n --min_fmap MIN_FMAP Minimal dimension of feature map in the bottleneck (default: 4)\n --deep_supr_num DEEP_SUPR_NUM\n Number of deep supervision heads (default: 2)\n --res_block Enable residual blocks (default: False)\n --filters FILTERS [FILTERS ...]\n [Optional] Set U-Net filters (default: None)\n --data2d_dim {2,3} Input data dimension for 2d model (default: 3)\n --oversampling OVERSAMPLING\n Probability of crop to have some region with positive label (default: 0.4)\n --overlap OVERLAP Amount of overlap between scans during sliding window inference (default: 0.5)\n --affinity {socket,single_single,single_single_unique,socket_unique_interleaved,socket_unique_continuous,disabled}\n type of CPU affinity (default: socket_unique_contiguous)\n --scheduler Enable cosine rate scheduler with warmup (default: False)\n --optimizer {sgd,adam}\n Optimizer (default: adam)\n --blend {gaussian,constant}\n How to blend output of overlapping windows (default: gaussian)\n --train_batches TRAIN_BATCHES\n Limit number of batches for training (used for benchmarking mode only) (default: 0)\n --test_batches TEST_BATCHES\n Limit number of batches for inference (used for benchmarking mode only) (default: 0)\n```\n\n### Getting the data\n\nThe nnU-Net model was trained on the [Medical Segmentation Decathlon](http://medicaldecathlon.com/) datasets. All datasets are in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative (NIfTI) format.\n\n#### Dataset guidelines\n\nTo train nnU-Net you will need to preprocess your dataset as a first step with `preprocess.py` script. Run `python scripts/preprocess.py --help` to see descriptions of the preprocess script arguments.\n\nFor example to preprocess data for 3D U-Net run: `python preprocess.py --task 01 --dim 3`.\n\nIn `data_preprocessing/configs.py` for each [Medical Segmentation Decathlon](http://medicaldecathlon.com/) task there are defined: patch size, precomputed spacings and statistics for CT datasets.\n\nThe preprocessing pipeline consists of the following steps:\n\n1. Cropping to the region of non-zero values.\n2. Resampling to the median voxel spacing of their respective dataset (exception for anisotropic datasets where the lowest resolution axis is selected to be the 10th percentile of the spacings).\n3. Padding volumes so that dimensions are at least as patch size.\n4. Normalizing:\n * For CT modalities the voxel values are clipped to 0.5 and 99.5 percentiles of the foreground voxels and then data is normalized with mean and standard deviation from collected from foreground voxels.\n * For MRI modalities z-score normalization is applied.\n\n#### Multi-dataset\n\nIt is possible to run nnUNet on custom dataset. If your dataset correspond to [Medical Segmentation Decathlon](http://medicaldecathlon.com/) (i.e. data should be `NIfTi` format and there should be `dataset.json` file where you need to provide fields: modality, labels and at least one of training, test) you need to perform the following:\n\n1. Mount your dataset to `/data` directory.\n \n2. In `data_preprocessing/config.py`:\n - Add to the `task_dir` dictionary your dataset directory name. For example, for Brain Tumour dataset, it corresponds to `\"01\": \"Task01_BrainTumour\"`.\n - Add the patch size that you want to use for training to the `patch_size` dictionary. For example, for Brain Tumour dataset it corresponds to `\"01_3d\": [128, 128, 128]` for 3D U-Net and `\"01_2d\": [192, 160]` for 2D U-Net. There are three types of suffixes `_3d, _2d` they correspond to 3D UNet and 2D U-Net.\n\n3. Preprocess your data with `preprocess.py` scripts. For example, to preprocess Brain Tumour dataset for 2D U-Net you should run `python preprocess.py --task 01 --dim 2`.\n\nIf you have dataset in other format or you want customize data preprocessing or data loading see `notebooks/custom_dataset.ipynb`.\n\n### Training process\n\nThe model trains for at least `--min_epochs` and at most `--max_epochs` epochs. After each epoch evaluation, the validation set is done and validation loss is monitored for early stopping (see `--patience` flag). Default training settings are:\n* Adam optimizer with learning rate of 0.0008 and weight decay 0.0001.\n* Training batch size is set to 2 for 3D U-Net and 16 for 2D U-Net.\n \nThis default parametrization is applied when running scripts from the `scripts/` directory and when running `main.py` without explicitly overriding these parameters. By default, the training is in full precision. To enable AMP, pass the `--amp` flag. AMP can be enabled for every mode of execution.\n\nThe default configuration minimizes a function `L = (1 - dice_coefficient) + cross_entropy` during training and reports achieved convergence as [dice coefficient](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rensen%E2%80%93Dice_coefficient) per class. The training, with a combination of dice and cross entropy has been proven to achieve better convergence than a training using only dice.\n\nThe training can be run directly without using the predefined scripts. The name of the training script is `main.py`. For example:\n\n```\npython main.py --exec_mode train --task 01 --fold 0 --gpus 1 --amp\n```\n \nTraining artifacts will be saved to `/results` in the container. Some important artifacts are:\n* `/results/logs.json`: Collected dice scores and loss values evaluated after each epoch during training on validation set.\n* `/results/checkpoints`: Saved checkpoints. By default, two checkpoints are saved - one after each epoch ('last.ckpt') and one with the highest validation dice (e.g 'epoch=5.ckpt' for if highest dice was at 5th epoch).\n\nTo load the pretrained model provide `--ckpt_path `.\n\n### Inference process\n\nInference can be launched by passing the `--exec_mode predict` flag. For example:\n\n```\npython main.py --exec_mode predict --task 01 --fold 0 --gpus 1 --amp --tta --save_preds --ckpt_path \n```\n\nThe script will then:\n\n* Load the checkpoint from the directory specified by the `` directory\n* Run inference on the preprocessed validation dataset corresponding to fold 0\n* Print achieved score to the console\n* If `--save_preds` is provided then resulting masks in the NumPy format will be saved in the `/results` directory","hasAdvanced","performance","### Benchmarking\n\nThe following section shows how to run benchmarks to measure the model performance in training and inference modes.\n\n#### Training performance benchmark\n\nTo benchmark training, run `scripts/benchmark.py` script with `--mode train`:\n\n```\npython scripts/benchmark.py --mode train --gpus --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp] \n```\n\nFor example, to benchmark 3D U-Net training using mixed-precision on 8 GPUs with batch size of 2, run:\n\n```\npython scripts/benchmark.py --mode train --gpus 8 --dim 3 --batch_size 2 --amp\n```\n\nEach of these scripts will by default run 1 warm-up epoch and start performance benchmarking during the second epoch.\n\nAt the end of the script, a line reporting the best train throughput and latency will be printed.\n\n#### Inference performance benchmark\n\nTo benchmark inference, run `scripts/benchmark.py` script with `--mode predict`:\n\n```\npython scripts/benchmark.py --mode predict --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp]\n```\n\nFor example, to benchmark inference using mixed-precision for 3D U-Net, with batch size of 4, run:\n\n```\npython scripts/benchmark.py --mode predict --dim 3 --amp --batch_size 4\n```\n\nEach of these scripts will by default run warm-up for 1 data pass and start inference benchmarking during the second pass.\n\nAt the end of the script, a line reporting the inference throughput and latency will be printed.\n\n### Results\n\nThe following sections provide details on how to achieve the same performance and accuracy in training and inference.\n\n#### Training accuracy results\n\n##### Training accuracy: NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 80G)\n\nOur results were obtained by running the `python scripts/train.py --gpus {1,8} --fold {0,1,2,3,4} --dim {2,3} [--amp]` training scripts and averaging results in the PyTorch 21.11 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX with (8x A100 80G) GPUs.\n\n| Dimension | GPUs | Batch size / GPU | Accuracy - mixed precision | Accuracy - TF32 | Time to train - mixed precision | Time to train - TF32| Time to train speedup (TF32 to mixed precision) \n|:-:|:-:|:--:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|:----:|\n| 2 | 1 | 2 | 73.21 | 73.11 | 33 min| 48 min| 1.46 |\n| 2 | 8 | 2 | 73.15 | 73.16 | 9 min| 13 min| 1.44 |\n| 3 | 1 | 2 | 74.35 | 74.34 |104 min|167 min| 1.61 |\n| 3 | 8 | 2 | 74.30 | 74.32 | 23min| 36 min| 1.57 |\n\n##### Training accuracy: NVIDIA DGX-1 (8x V100 16G)\n\nOur results were obtained by running the `python scripts/train.py --gpus {1,8} --fold {0,1,2,3,4} --dim {2,3} [--amp]` training scripts and averaging results in the PyTorch 21.11 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX-1 with (8x V100 16G) GPUs.\n\n| Dimension | GPUs | Batch size / GPU | Accuracy - mixed precision | Accuracy - FP32 | Time to train - mixed precision | Time to train - FP32 | Time to train speedup (FP32 to mixed precision) \n|:-:|:-:|:--:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|:----:|\n| 2 | 1 | 2 | 73.18 | 73.22 | 60 min|114 min| 1.90 |\n| 2 | 8 | 2 | 73.15 | 73.18 | 13 min| 19 min| 1.46 |\n| 3 | 1 | 2 | 74.31 | 74.33 |201 min|680 min| 3.38 |\n| 3 | 8 | 2 | 74.35 | 74.39 | 41 min|153 min| 3.73 |\n\n#### Training performance results\n\n##### Training performance: NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 80G)\n\nOur results were obtained by running the `python scripts/benchmark.py --mode train --gpus {1,8} --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp]` training script in the NGC container on NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 80G) GPUs. Performance numbers (in volumes per second) were averaged over an entire training epoch.\n\n| Dimension | GPUs | Batch size / GPU | Throughput - mixed precision [img/s] | Throughput - TF32 [img/s] | Throughput speedup (TF32 - mixed precision) | Weak scaling - mixed precision | Weak scaling - TF32 |\n|:-:|:-:|:--:|:------:|:------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|\n| 2 | 1 | 64 | 1129.48 | 702.82 | 1.607 | N/A | N/A |\n| 2 | 1 | 128 | 1234.69 | 741.01 | 1.666 | N/A | N/A |\n| 2 | 8 | 64 | 7015.45 | 4613.27 | 1.521 | 6.211 | 6.564 |\n| 2 | 8 | 128 | 8293.61 | 5498.78 | 1.508 | 6.717 | 7.421 |\n| 3 | 1 | 1 | 13.92 | 9.22 | 1.509 | N/A | N/A |\n| 3 | 1 | 2 | 17.68 | 10.72 | 1.649 | N/A | N/A |\n| 3 | 1 | 4 | 20.56 | 11.5 | 1.787 | N/A | N/A |\n| 3 | 8 | 1 | 92.97 | 61.68 | 1.416 | 6.679 | 7.119 |\n| 3 | 8 | 2 | 114.47 | 72.23 | 1.475 | 6.475 | 7.242 |\n| 3 | 8 | 4 | 140.55 | 85.53 | 1.643 | 6.836 | 7.437 |\n\nTo achieve these same results, follow the steps in the [Quick Start Guide](#quick-start-guide).\n\n##### Training performance: NVIDIA DGX-1 (8x V100 16G)\n\nOur results were obtained by running the `python scripts/benchmark.py --mode train --gpus {1,8} --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp]` training script in the PyTorch 21.11 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX-1 with (8x V100 16G) GPUs. Performance numbers (in volumes per second) were averaged over an entire training epoch.\n\n| Dimension | GPUs | Batch size / GPU | Throughput - mixed precision [img/s] | Throughput - FP32 [img/s] | Throughput speedup (FP32 - mixed precision) | Weak scaling - mixed precision | Weak scaling - FP32 |\n|:-:|:-:|:---:|:---------:|:-----------:|:--------:|:---------:|:-------------:|\n| 2 | 1 | 64 | 607.16 | 298.84 | 2.032 | N/A | N/A |\n| 2 | 1 | 128 | 653.44 | 307.01 | 2.128 | N/A | N/A |\n| 2 | 8 | 64 | 4058.79 | 2196.05 | 1.848 | 6.685 | 7.349 |\n| 2 | 8 | 128 | 4649.37 | 2388.46 | 1.848 | 7.115 | 7.779 |\n| 3 | 1 | 1 | 8.66 | 1.99 | 4.352 | N/A | N/A |\n| 3 | 1 | 2 | 9.65 | 2.07 | 4.662 | N/A | N/A |\n| 3 | 1 | 4 | 9.99 | OOM | N/A | N/A | N/A |\n| 3 | 8 | 1 | 58.45 | 15.55 | 3.756 | 6.749 | 7.819 |\n| 3 | 8 | 2 | 66.03 | 16.22 | 4.071 | 6.842 | 7.835 |\n| 3 | 8 | 4 | 67.37 | OOM | N/A | 6.743 | N/A |\n\nTo achieve these same results, follow the steps in the [Quick Start Guide](#quick-start-guide).\n\n#### Inference performance results\n\n##### Inference performance: NVIDIA DGX A100 (1x A100 80G)\n\nOur results were obtained by running the `python scripts/benchmark.py --mode predict --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp]` inferencing benchmarking script in the PyTorch 21.11 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX A100 (1x A100 80G) GPU.\n\nFP16\n\n| Dimension | Batch size | Resolution | Throughput Avg [img/s] | Latency Avg [ms] | Latency 90% [ms] | Latency 95% [ms] | Latency 99% [ms] |\n|:----------:|:---------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|\n| 2 | 64 | 4x192x160 | 3211.23 | 19.93 | 20.24 | 20.38 | 20.84 |\n| 2 | 128 | 4x192x160 | 3465.45 | 36.94 | 38.35 | 38.72 | 38.95 |\n| 3 | 1 | 4x128x128x128 | 41.93 | 23.85 | 24.40 | 24.61 | 24.99 |\n| 3 | 2 | 4x128x128x128 | 44.24 | 45.21 | 47.08 | 47.38 | 48.24 |\n| 3 | 4 | 4x128x128x128 | 45.81 | 87.31 | 88.13 | 88.56 | 89.69 |\n\nTF32\n\n| Dimension | Batch size | Resolution | Throughput Avg [img/s] | Latency Avg [ms] | Latency 90% [ms] | Latency 95% [ms] | Latency 99% [ms] |\n|:----------:|:---------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|\n| 2 | 64 | 4x192x160 | 2172.38 | 29.46 | 29.94 | 30.03 | 30.19 |\n| 2 | 128 | 4x192x160 | 1769.56 | 72.34 | 72.84 | 73.04 | 74.79 |\n| 3 | 1 | 4x128x128x128 | 23.83 | 41.97 | 42.71 | 42.76 | 42.87 |\n| 3 | 2 | 4x128x128x128 | 26.75 | 74.77 | 75.79 | 76.06 | 77.04 |\n| 3 | 4 | 4x128x128x128 | 27.10 | 147.62 | 147.81 | 149.14 | 190.08 |\n\nThroughput is reported in images per second. Latency is reported in milliseconds per batch.\nTo achieve these same results, follow the steps in the [Quick Start Guide](#quick-start-guide).\n\n##### Inference performance: NVIDIA DGX-1 (1x V100 16G)\n\nOur results were obtained by running the `python scripts/benchmark.py --mode predict --dim {2,3} --batch_size [--amp]` inferencing benchmarking script in the PyTorch 21.11 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX-1 with (1x V100 16G) GPU.\n\nFP16\n \n| Dimension | Batch size |Resolution| Throughput Avg [img/s] | Latency Avg [ms] | Latency 90% [ms] | Latency 95% [ms] | Latency 99% [ms] |\n|:----------:|:---------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|\n| 2 | 64 | 4x192x160 | 1809.79 | 35.36 | 35.75 | 35.84 | 36.21 |\n| 2 | 128 | 4x192x160 | 1987.91 | 64.39 | 64.79 | 64.87 | 65.01 |\n| 3 | 1 | 4x128x128x128 | 26.75 | 37.38 | 37.66 | 37.74 | 38.17 |\n| 3 | 2 | 4x128x128x128 | 23.28 | 85.91 | 86.77 | 87.39 | 89.54 |\n| 3 | 4 | 4x128x128x128 | 23.83 | 167.83 | 169.41 | 170.30 | 173.47 |\n\nFP32\n \n| Dimension | Batch size |Resolution| Throughput Avg [img/s] | Latency Avg [ms] | Latency 90% [ms] | Latency 95% [ms] | Latency 99% [ms] |\n|:----------:|:---------:|:-------------:|:----------------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|:----------------:|\n| 2 | 64 | 4x192x160 | 1007.91 | 63.50 | 63.93 | 64.03 | 64.19 |\n| 2 | 128 | 4x192x160 | 812.08 | 157.62 | 159.02 | 159.72 | 161.24 |\n| 3 | 1 | 4x128x128x128 | 8.23 | 121.45 | 122.84 | 123.93 | 124.69 |\n| 3 | 2 | 4x128x128x128 | 8.42 | 237.65 | 239.90 | 240.60 | 242.85 |\n| 3 | 4 | 4x128x128x128 | 8.37 | 478.01 | 482.70 | 483.43 | 484.84 |\n\nThroughput is reported in images per second. Latency is reported in milliseconds per batch.\nTo achieve these same results, follow the steps in the [Quick Start Guide](#quick-start-guide).","hasPerformance","policies",[],{"_184":207,"_186":208,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":206,"_157":66},{"_184":205,"_186":205,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":206,"_157":66},{"_184":203,"_186":203,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":204,"_157":66},{"_184":201,"_186":201,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":202,"_157":66},{"_184":199,"_186":199,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":200,"_157":66},{"_184":197,"_186":197,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":198,"_157":66},{"_184":195,"_186":195,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":196,"_157":66},{"_184":193,"_186":193,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":194,"_157":66},{"_184":191,"_186":191,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":192,"_157":66},{"_184":189,"_186":189,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":190,"_157":66},{"_184":14,"_186":14,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":188,"_157":66},{"_184":185,"_186":185,"_146":-5,"_154":26,"_156":26,"_170":187,"_157":66},"id","20.12.0","name",[],[],"21.02.2",[],"21.02.3",[],"21.02.4",[],"21.02.5",[],"21.02.6",[],"21.02.1",[],"21.02.7",[],"21.02.9",[],"21.11.0",[],"-","Latest (21.11.0)","nvidia/nnunet_for_pytorch","key","nvidia/resources/nnunet_for_pytorch","resourceId","nnunet_for_pytorch","shortDescription","An optimized, robust and self-adapting framework for U-Net based medical image segmentation","The nnU-Net (\"no-new-Net\") refers to a robust and self-adapting framework for U-Net based medical image segmentation. This repository contains a nnU-Net implementation as described in the paper: [nnU-Net: Self-adapting Framework for U-Net-Based Medical Image Segmentation](https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.10486). \n\nThe differences between this nnU-net and [original model](https://github.com/MIC-DKFZ/nnUNet) are:\n- Dynamic selection of patch size is not supported, and it has to be set in `data_preprocessing/configs.py` file.\n- Cascaded U-Net is not supported.\n- The following data augmentations are not used: rotation, simulation of low resolution, gamma augmentation.\n\nThis model is trained with mixed precision using Tensor Cores on Volta, Turing, and the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architectures. Therefore, researchers can get results 2x faster than training without Tensor Cores, while experiencing the benefits of mixed precision training. This model is tested against each NGC monthly container release to ensure consistent accuracy and performance over time.\n\nWe developed the model using [PyTorch Lightning](https://www.pytorchlightning.ai), a new easy to use framework that ensures code readability and reproducibility without the boilerplate.\n\n### Model architecture\n \nThe nnU-Net allows training two types of networks: 2D U-Net and 3D U-Net to perform semantic segmentation of 3D images, with high accuracy and performance.\n\nThe following figure shows the architecture of the 3D U-Net model and its different components. U-Net is composed of a contractive and an expanding path, that aims at building a bottleneck in its centremost part through a combination of convolution, instance norm and leaky relu operations. After this bottleneck, the image is reconstructed through a combination of convolutions and upsampling. Skip connections are added with the goal of helping the backward flow of gradients in order to improve the training.\n\n

\n \n*Figure 1: The 3D U-Net architecture*\n\n### Default configuration\n\nAll convolution blocks in U-Net in both encoder and decoder are using two convolution layers followed by instance normalization and a leaky ReLU nonlinearity. For downsampling we are using stride convolution whereas transposed convolution for upsampling.\n\nAll models were trained with Adam optimizer. For loss function we use the average of [cross-entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_entropy) and [dice coefficient](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8rensen%E2%80%93Dice_coefficient).\n\nEarly stopping is triggered if validation dice score wasn't improved during the last 100 epochs.\n\nUsed data augmentation: crop with oversampling the foreground class, mirroring, zoom, Gaussian noise, Gaussian blur, brightness, contrast.\n\n### Feature support matrix\n\nThe following features are supported by this model: \n\n| Feature | nnUNet \n|-----------------------|-------------------------- \n|[DALI](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/dali/release-notes/index.html) | Yes\n|Automatic mixed precision (AMP) | Yes \n|Distributed data parallel (DDP) | Yes\n \n#### Features\n\n**DALI**\n\nNVIDIA DALI - DALI is a library accelerating data preparation pipeline. To accelerate your input pipeline, you only need to define your data loader\nwith the DALI library. For details, see example sources in this repository or see the [DALI documentation](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/dali/index.html)\n\n**Automatic Mixed Precision (AMP)**\n\nThis implementation uses native PyTorch AMP implementation of mixed precision training. It allows us to use FP16 training with FP32 master weights by modifying just a few lines of code.\n\n**DistributedDataParallel (DDP)**\n\nThe model uses PyTorch Lightning implementation of distributed data parallelism at the module level which can run across multiple machines.\n \n### Mixed precision training\n\nMixed precision is the combined use of different numerical precisions in a computational method. [Mixed precision](https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.03740) training offers significant computational speedup by performing operations in half-precision format, while storing minimal information in single-precision to retain as much information as possible in critical parts of the network. Since the introduction of [Tensor Cores](https://developer.nvidia.com/tensor-cores) in Volta, and following with both the Turing and Ampere architectures, significant training speedups are experienced by switching to mixed precision -- up to 3x overall speedup on the most arithmetically intense model architectures. Using mixed precision training requires two steps:\n\n1. Porting the model to use the FP16 data type where appropriate.\n2. Adding loss scaling to preserve small gradient values.\n\nThe ability to train deep learning networks with lower precision was introduced in the Pascal architecture and first supported in [CUDA 8](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/parallelforall/tag/fp16/) in the NVIDIA Deep Learning SDK.\n\nFor information about:\n* How to train using mixed precision, see the [Mixed Precision Training](https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.03740) paper and [Training With Mixed Precision](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/performance/mixed-precision-training/index.html) documentation.\n* Techniques used for mixed precision training, see the [Mixed-Precision Training of Deep Neural Networks](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/mixed-precision-training-deep-neural-networks/) blog.\n* APEX tools for mixed precision training, see the [NVIDIA Apex: Tools for Easy Mixed-Precision Training in PyTorch](https://devblogs.nvidia.com/apex-pytorch-easy-mixed-precision-training/).\n\n#### Enabling mixed precision\n \nFor training and inference, mixed precision can be enabled by adding the `--amp` flag. Mixed precision is using [native PyTorch implementation](https://pytorch.org/blog/accelerating-training-on-nvidia-gpus-with-pytorch-automatic-mixed-precision/).\n\n#### TF32\n\nTensorFloat-32 (TF32) is the new math mode in [NVIDIA A100](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/a100/) GPUs for handling the matrix math also called tensor operations. TF32 running on Tensor Cores in A100 GPUs can provide up to 10x speedups compared to single-precision floating-point math (FP32) on Volta GPUs. \n\nTF32 Tensor Cores can speed up networks using FP32, typically with no loss of accuracy. It is more robust than FP16 for models which require high dynamic range for weights or activations.\n\nFor more information, refer to the [TensorFloat-32 in the A100 GPU Accelerates AI Training, HPC up to 20x](https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2020/05/14/tensorfloat-32-precision-format/) blog post.\n\nTF32 is supported in the NVIDIA Ampere GPU architecture and is enabled by default.\n\n### Glossary\n\n**Test time augmentation**\n\nTest time augmentation is an inference technique which averages predictions from augmented images with its prediction. As a result, predictions are more accurate, but with the cost of slower inference process. For nnU-Net, we use all possible flip combinations for image augmenting. Test time augmentation can be enabled by adding the `--tta` flag.","displayName","nnU-Net for PyTorch",["D",1680631708570],"publisher","NVIDIA","latestVersion","versions","collectionCounts","imageUrl","/api/image/nvidia/-/resources/nnunet_for_pytorch","rawImageUrl","https://assets.nvidiagrid.net/ngc/logos/Deep-Learning-Examples.png","canGuestDownload","latestVersionSizeInBytes",5569272,"licenseTerms","isMultinodeEnabled","isMultiArchitecture","bias","explainability","privacy","safetyAndSecurity","featureLabels",[],"displayLabels",[250,251],"policyLabels",[],"systemLabels",[],"products",[],"hasNimMetadata",{"_217":261,"_253":262,"_255":263,"_257":258},{"_217":252,"_253":254,"_255":256,"_257":258},"Deep Learning Examples","value","pltfm_deep_learning_examples","filter",{"_259":260,"_253":254},"category","label","field","platform","Computer Vision","soln_computer_vision",{"_259":264,"_253":262},"technology",{"_86":1441,"_88":1442},"ngcApps",[1394],"csaApiBaseUrl","https://www.nvidia.com/ai-agents/csa-agent/dcsm","datadogRum",{"_1375":1376,"_1377":1378,"_1379":1380,"_1381":1382,"_1383":276,"_117":300,"_1384":1385,"_1386":50,"_1387":66,"_1388":66,"_1389":1390,"_1391":66,"_1392":1393},"amplitude",{"_1372":1373,"_974":-7,"_1374":26},"disableJs","environment","prod","featureFlagsBlob","JTdCJTIydGVzdEZsYWclMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMnNob3dTZWFyY2hMYWJlbFNldEZpbHRlcnMlMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMmNoaW5hTmltRGlzdHJpYnV0b3JzUmVkZXNpZ24lMjIlM0F0cnVlJTJDJTIyZW5hYmxlQ3NhV2lkZ2V0JTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlMkMlMjJlbmFibGVQcm9kdWN0R3JvdXBpbmdCeVN1YnNjcmlwdGlvbiUyMiUzQWZhbHNlJTJDJTIyY29udGFpbmVyU2Nhbm5pbmdSZWRlc2lnbk0xJTIyJTNBdHJ1ZSU3RA==","featureFlagsGuarded","isDevLikeEnv","isPlaywright","isMobileDevice","categorizedOrgs",{"_1366":1367,"_1368":1369,"_1370":1371},"currentOrgContext","currentContextRoles",[],"enterpriseOrgs",[],"locale","en","ngcApiOrigin","ngcHelmOrigin","origin","https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","usesMocks","theme","year",2026,"1.7.3","defaultSearchSuggestions",{"_1249":380,"_1250":1251,"_1252":1253,"_1254":1255},"announcements",[],"consentState",{"_338":1239,"_1240":66,"_1241":26,"_1242":26,"_1243":1244},"consentConfig",{"_320":321,"_322":323,"_324":325,"_326":327,"_328":329,"_330":331,"_332":333,"_334":335,"_336":337,"_338":339},"showContactAdmin",1784308366236,[],[],[314,315,316,317,318,319],{"_39":54,"_41":63,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":61,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":59,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":54,"_41":55,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},{"_39":51,"_41":52,"_43":44,"_45":46,"_47":53,"_49":50},{"_39":40,"_41":42,"_43":62,"_45":-5,"_47":-5,"_49":50},"mainInfoText","We and our third-party partners (including social media, advertising, and analytics partners) use cookies and other tracking technologies to collect, store, monitor, and process certain information about you when you visit our website. The information collected might relate to you, your preferences, or your device. We use that information to make the site work, analyze performance and traffic on our website, provide a more personalized web experience, and assist in our marketing efforts.

Under certain privacy laws, you have the right to direct us not to \"sell\" or \"share\" your personal information for targeted advertising. To opt-out of the \"sale\" and \"sharing\" of personal information through cookies, you must opt-out of optional cookies using the toggles below. To opt out of the \"sale\" and \"sharing\" of data collected by other means (e.g., online forms) you must also update your data sharing preferences through the NVIDIA Preference Center.

Click on the different category headings below to find out more and change the settings according to your preference. You cannot opt out of Required Cookies as they are deployed to ensure the proper functioning of our website (such as prompting the cookie banner and remembering your settings, etc.). By clicking \"Save and Accept\" or \"Decline All\" at the bottom, you consent to the use of cookies and other tools as described in our Cookie Policy in accordance with your settings and accept our Terms of Service (which contains important waivers). For more information about our privacy practices, please see our Privacy Policy.","mainText","Cookie Settings","alertNoticeText",{"_1231":1232,"_1233":1234,"_1235":1236,"_1237":1238},"bannerAcceptLabel","Accept All","bannerRejectLabel","Reject Optional","bannerSettingsLabel","Manage Settings","preferenceSaveLabel","Save Choices","preferenceRejectLabel","Decline All","alwaysActiveText","Always Active","groups",[340,341,342,343,344],{"_345":882,"_186":883,"_144":884,"_349":66,"_350":885,"_351":886,"_353":887},{"_345":672,"_186":673,"_144":674,"_349":26,"_350":53,"_351":675,"_353":676},{"_345":571,"_186":572,"_144":573,"_349":26,"_350":574,"_351":575,"_353":576},{"_345":355,"_186":356,"_144":357,"_349":26,"_350":358,"_351":359,"_353":360},{"_345":346,"_186":347,"_144":348,"_349":26,"_350":109,"_351":352,"_353":354},"optanonGroupId","C0005","Social Media Cookies","These cookies are set by a range of social media services that we have added to the site to enable you to share our content with your friends and networks. They are capable of tracking your browser across other sites and building up a profile of your interests. This may impact the content and messages you see on other websites you visit. If you do not allow these cookies you may not be able to use or see these sharing tools.","alwaysActive","order","cookies",[],"hosts",[],"C0004","Advertising Cookies","These cookies record your visit to our websites, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed to influence the advertisements that you see on other websites. These cookies and the information they collect may be managed by other companies, including our advertising partners, and may be used to build a profile of your interests and show you relevant advertising on other sites. We and our advertising partners will use this information to make our websites and the advertising displayed on it, more relevant to your interests.",5,[489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523],[361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377],{"_378":485,"_217":485,"_144":380,"_351":486},{"_378":480,"_217":480,"_144":380,"_351":481},{"_378":476,"_217":476,"_144":380,"_351":477},{"_378":471,"_217":471,"_144":380,"_351":472},{"_378":466,"_217":466,"_144":380,"_351":467},{"_378":454,"_217":454,"_144":380,"_351":455},{"_378":442,"_217":442,"_144":380,"_351":443},{"_378":437,"_217":437,"_144":380,"_351":438},{"_378":426,"_217":426,"_144":380,"_351":427},{"_378":421,"_217":421,"_144":380,"_351":422},{"_378":416,"_217":416,"_144":380,"_351":417},{"_378":411,"_217":411,"_144":380,"_351":412},{"_378":406,"_217":406,"_144":380,"_351":407},{"_378":401,"_217":401,"_144":380,"_351":402},{"_378":396,"_217":396,"_144":380,"_351":397},{"_378":389,"_217":389,"_144":380,"_351":390},{"_378":379,"_217":379,"_144":380,"_351":381},"hostName","amazon-adsystem.com","",[382,383],{"_186":388,"_385":379,"_386":26,"_144":387},{"_186":384,"_385":379,"_386":26,"_144":387},"ad-privacy","host","isSession","This domain is owned by online retailer Amazon and is used as part of its affiliate marketing programme.","ad-id","doubleclick.net",[391,392],{"_186":395,"_385":389,"_386":26,"_144":394},{"_186":393,"_385":389,"_386":26,"_144":394},"IDE","This domain is owned by Doubleclick (Google). The main business activity is: Doubleclick is Googles real time bidding advertising exchange","test_cookie","bing.com",[398],{"_186":399,"_385":396,"_386":26,"_144":400},"MUID","This domain is owned by Mircosoft - it is the site for the search engine Bing.","assets.adobedtm.com",[403],{"_186":404,"_385":401,"_386":26,"_144":405},"kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_consent","If you know anything about this host and its uses please add your contributions here. ","tiktok.com",[408],{"_186":409,"_385":406,"_386":26,"_144":410},"_ttp","TikTok is a social media platform owned by ByteDance, known for short-form video sharing. The service is used to create and share videos, and it utilizes cookies for various purposes including advertising and analytics.","t.co",[413],{"_186":414,"_385":411,"_386":26,"_144":415},"muc_ads","This domain is owned by Twitter. It is used as a URL shortening service, which allows Twitter to collect data on how links are shared.","snowplow.com",[418],{"_186":419,"_385":416,"_386":26,"_144":420},"sp","Testing","google.com",[423],{"_186":424,"_385":421,"_386":26,"_144":425},"NID","This domain is owned by Google Inc. Although Google is primarily known as a search engine, the company provides a diverse range of products and services. Its main source of revenue however is advertising. Google tracks users extensively both through its own products and sites, and the numerous technologies embedded into many millions of websites around the world. It uses the data gathered from most of these services to profile the interests of web users and sell advertising space to organisations based on such interest profiles as well as aligning adverts to the content on the pages where its customer's adverts appear.","tags.srv.stackadapt.com",[428,429,430,431],{"_186":436,"_385":426,"_386":26,"_144":433},{"_186":435,"_385":426,"_386":26,"_144":433},{"_186":434,"_385":426,"_386":26,"_144":433},{"_186":432,"_385":426,"_386":26,"_144":433},"sa-user-id-v3","This domain is associated with StackAdapt, a platform for programmatic advertising, which suggests that it is used for targeting and advertising purposes.","sa-user-id","sa-user-id-v2","sa-user-id-v4","linkedin.com",[439],{"_186":440,"_385":437,"_386":26,"_144":441},"bcookie","This domain is owned by LinkedIn, the business networking platform. It typically acts as a third party host where website owners have placed one of its content sharing buttons in their pages, although its content and services can be embedded in other ways. Although such buttons add functionality to the website they are on, cookies are set regardless of whether or not the visitor has an active Linkedin profile, or agreed to their terms and conditions. For this reason it is classified as a primarily tracking/targeting domain.","twitter.com",[444,445,446,447],{"_186":453,"_385":442,"_386":26,"_144":449},{"_186":451,"_385":442,"_386":26,"_144":452},{"_186":450,"_385":442,"_386":26,"_144":449},{"_186":448,"_385":442,"_386":26,"_144":449},"personalization_id","This domain is owned by Twitter. The main business activity is: Social Networking Services. Where twitter acts as a third party host, it collects data through a range of plug-ins and integrations, that is primarily used for tracking and targeting.","guest_id_marketing","guest_id","Twitter does not currently provide information on the use of specific cookies.","guest_id_ads","youtube.com",[456,457,458,459],{"_186":465,"_385":454,"_386":26,"_144":463},{"_186":464,"_385":454,"_386":26,"_144":463},{"_186":462,"_385":454,"_386":26,"_144":463},{"_186":460,"_385":454,"_386":26,"_144":461},"VISITOR_INFO1_LIVE","This cookie is used as a unique identifier to track viewing of videos","__Secure-YNID","YouTube is a Google owned platform for hosting and sharing videos. YouTube collects user data through videos embedded in websites, which is aggregated with profile data from other Google services in order to display targeted advertising to web visitors across a broad range of their own and other websites.","__Secure-YEC","__Secure-ROLLOUT_TOKEN","demdex.net",[468],{"_186":469,"_385":466,"_386":26,"_144":470},"demdex","This cookie helps Adobe Audience Manger perform basic functions such as visitor identification, ID synchronization, segmentation, modeling, reporting, etc.","im-apps.net",[473],{"_186":474,"_385":471,"_386":26,"_144":475},"receive-cookie-deprecation","This domain is owned by im-apps.net which provides information and resources about various instant messaging (IM) applications to help users make informed decisions based on their communication needs.","influ2.com",[478],{"_186":479,"_385":476,"_386":26,"_144":420},"R","6sc.co",[482],{"_186":483,"_385":480,"_386":26,"_144":484},"6suuid","This domain is associated with the company 6Sense Insights, Inc., which provides predictive analytics and account engagement services. It is primarily used for tracking and targeting in marketing automation and advertising.","hushly.com",[487],{"_186":488,"_385":485,"_386":26,"_144":420},"_hly_gvid",{"_186":570,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":544},{"_186":568,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":569},{"_186":432,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":558},{"_186":566,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":567},{"_186":435,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":532},{"_186":564,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":565},{"_186":409,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":563},{"_186":541,"_385":562,"_386":26,"_144":542},{"_186":434,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":561},{"_186":434,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":561},{"_186":436,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":545},{"_186":560,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":544},{"_186":539,"_385":559,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":432,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":558},{"_186":557,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":539,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":555,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":556},{"_186":553,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":554},{"_186":552,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":550,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":551},{"_186":548,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":549},{"_186":547,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":541,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":542},{"_186":541,"_385":546,"_386":26,"_144":542},{"_186":436,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":545},{"_186":543,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":544},{"_186":541,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":542},{"_186":539,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":540},{"_186":537,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":538},{"_186":535,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":536},{"_186":533,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":534},{"_186":435,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":532},{"_186":528,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":530},{"_186":527,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":524,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":526},"AMCVS_xxxxxAdobeOrg","nvidia.com","This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier.","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_identity","_rdt_pn","www.nvidia.com","This cookie name is associated with www.mind.org.uk which is used for marketing purposes.","ai-podcast.nvidia.com","This cookie is used to identify the user's session on the website and is often associated with analytics or personalization.","_gcl_au","Used by Google AdSense for experimenting with advertisement efficiency across websites using their services","_mkto_trk","This cookie is associated with an email marketing service provided by Marketo. This tracking cookie allows a website to link visitor behaviour to the recipient of an email marketing campaign, to measure campaign effectiveness.","_gat_gtag_UA_140825383_2","Google Analytics","_zitok","This cookie name is associated with ZoomInfo which is used to maintain a unique visitor identifier and store Personally Identifiable Information.","_rdt_uuid","This cookie is set by Reddit and is used for tracking the views of embedded videos and performance of the advertisements.","AMP_91bf70adfe","Supports Amplitude product analytics.","This cookie name is associated with StackAdapt Inc. which is used to support the effective management and optimization of digital advertising campaigns by handling information such as visitor actions on websites, visited pages, time spent, page load speed, and more.","build.nvidia.com","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_cluster","_cs_nnnnnnnnnnnnn","This is a session cookie. This is a pattern type cookie where a random 13-digit number is appended to the prefix _cs_.","_uetsid","This cookie is used by Bing to determine what ads should be shown that may be relevant to the end user perusing the site. ","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_bc_session_id","ttcsid_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXCategory","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.This cookie is associated with TikTok. It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","_fbp","Used by Facebook to deliver a series of advertisement products such as real time bidding from third party advertisers","_twpid","This cookie is likely used to track user identity by assigning a unique user ID when the user engages with the website. It is commonly used for analytics and personalization of content.","marketplace.nvidia.com","AMP_MKTG_92dea1e784","This cookie is typically associated with SnackTools, which is a suite of web applications for creating and sharing multimedia content. It is used to identify a user across sessions and track user activities.","forums.developer.nvidia.com","This cookie is typically associated with the use of Taptap Digital, a company specializing in digital advertising. It is used for tracking and ad personalization purposes.","_tt_enable_cookie","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to collect data about behavior and purchases on the website and to measure the effect of advertising. It is also used to track website activity to help optimize advertising efforts.","AMCV_xxxxxAdobeOrg","This cookie is used to identify a unique visitor for tracking purposes by Adobe Experience Cloud.This is a pattern type cookie name associated with Adobe Marketing Cloud. It stores a unique visitor identifier, and uses an organisation identifier to allow a company to track users across their domains and services.","ttcsid","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to enable TikTok Ads session tracking by assigning a unique session ID to users who click on TikTok ads, allowing for the attribution of user behavior and conversions within the same session.This cookie is associated with TikTok. It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","AMP_MKTG_91bf70adfe","C0003","Personalization Cookies","These cookies collect data about how you have interacted with our website to help us improve your web experience, such as which pages you have visited. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. They may be set by us or by third party providers whose services we have added to our pages. These cookies enable us to provide enhanced website functionality and personalization as well as make the marketing messages we send to you more relevant to your interests. If you do not allow these cookies, then some or all of these services may not function properly.",4,[612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632],[577,578,579,580,581],{"_378":471,"_217":471,"_144":380,"_351":603},{"_378":437,"_217":437,"_144":380,"_351":598},{"_378":591,"_217":591,"_144":380,"_351":592},{"_378":587,"_217":587,"_144":380,"_351":588},{"_378":582,"_217":582,"_144":380,"_351":583},"nvcrm.my.site.com",[584],{"_186":585,"_385":582,"_386":26,"_144":586},"BrowserId","If you know anything about this cookie and its uses that are not specific to a particular site please add your contributions.","nvidia.partners",[589],{"_186":590,"_385":587,"_386":26,"_144":420},"edge","github.com",[593,594],{"_186":597,"_385":591,"_386":26,"_144":596},{"_186":595,"_385":591,"_386":26,"_144":596},"logged_in","This domain is owned by Github. The main business activity is: Source code repository and collaboration platform","_octo",[599,600],{"_186":602,"_385":437,"_386":26,"_144":441},{"_186":601,"_385":437,"_386":26,"_144":441},"lidc","li_gc",[604,605,606,607],{"_186":611,"_385":471,"_386":26,"_144":475},{"_186":610,"_385":471,"_386":26,"_144":475},{"_186":609,"_385":471,"_386":26,"_144":475},{"_186":608,"_385":471,"_386":26,"_144":475},"imid_secure","imid_created_secure","imid","imid_created",{"_186":671,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":668},{"_186":669,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":670},{"_186":667,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":668},{"_186":665,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":666},{"_186":663,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":664},{"_186":662,"_385":643,"_386":66,"_144":380},{"_186":660,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":661},{"_186":658,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":659},{"_186":655,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":657},{"_186":654,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":652,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":653},{"_186":649,"_385":650,"_386":26,"_144":651},{"_186":647,"_385":648,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":646,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":645,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":644,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":642,"_385":643,"_386":66,"_144":380},{"_186":640,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":641},{"_186":638,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":639},{"_186":636,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":637},{"_186":633,"_385":634,"_386":66,"_144":635},"nv_country_code","developer.nvidia.com","This cookie is likely used to store the country code of the visitor to provide localized content and possibly for legal compliance with regional data privacy laws.","_biz_kvpA","This cookie is likely related to business analytics and key-value pairs for storing user preferences, which may be used to enhance functionality and user experience on the website.","_gdxxxxxxxxxxxxx","This cookie contains no identifying information and is used for diagnostic purposes by Impact Radius, a service we use to track signup commissions for our affiliate program. We have categorized it under Functionality because it is necessary for the operation of our affiliate program.","nv.modal.cuda","This cookie name suggests it is related to a modal popup functionality on NVIDIA's website, possibly to remember user preferences or interactions with the modal.","readme_library","docs.api.nvidia.com","_im_ses.1006927","geo_locator","nv.modal.deepstream","openedx-language-preference","learn.nvidia.com","doxygen_width","raytracing-docs.nvidia.com","This cookie is likely used to remember the width preferences of a sidebar or interface element within a documentation platform like Doxygen.","_sfid_eb78","This cookie is categorized as Functionality Cookie.","_im_id.1006927","_hjUserAttributesHash","docs.nvidia.com","This cookie name is associated with Hotjar which is used to know when any user attribute has changed and needs to be updated.","mbox","Cookie set by Adobe SiteCatalyst analytics software - used for measuring the performance of page content using A/B split testing","nv.modal.cudnn","This cookie name suggests it is related to modal popup handling or user interface preferences on NVIDIA's website, specifically for the cuDNN library section.","readme_language","nv.modal.hpc","This cookie name suggests it is related to a modal pop-up on a website, possibly to control the display of a high-priority cookie notice or other important information to the user.","at_check","Used by Adobe Target to check if cookies are enabled/supported on the browser","_biz_uid","This cookie is used to record website and server performance with each visit to the site. The data is aggregated and analyzed; therefore, it remains anonymous upon use.\n","nvHeadless","This cookie is likely used to track if a user is using the site in a 'headless' non-GUI mode, which could be for accessibility reasons or for automated processes.","_biz_nA","C0002","Performance Cookies","These cookies are used to provide quantitative measures of our website visitors, such as the number of times you visit, time on page, your mouse movements, scrolling, clicks and keystroke activity on the websites; other browsing, search, or product research behavior; and what brought you to our site. These cookies may store a unique ID so that our system will remember you when you return. Information collected with these cookies is used to measure and find ways to improve website performance.",[708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800],[677,678,679,680,681,682],{"_378":703,"_217":703,"_144":380,"_351":704},{"_378":698,"_217":698,"_144":380,"_351":699},{"_378":694,"_217":694,"_144":380,"_351":695},{"_378":454,"_217":454,"_144":380,"_351":691},{"_378":591,"_217":591,"_144":380,"_351":688},{"_378":401,"_217":401,"_144":380,"_351":683},[684,685],{"_186":687,"_385":401,"_386":26,"_144":405},{"_186":686,"_385":401,"_386":26,"_144":405},"ncid","VisitorID",[689],{"_186":690,"_385":591,"_386":66,"_144":596},"_gh_sess",[692],{"_186":693,"_385":454,"_386":66,"_144":463},"YSC","t.contentsquare.net",[696],{"_186":697,"_385":694,"_386":66,"_144":549},"_cs_same_site","bizible.com",[700],{"_186":701,"_385":698,"_386":26,"_144":702},"_BUID","Bizible is a marketing attribution software that tracks the performance of marketing efforts and connects them to revenue, primarily used for B2B environments.","a.usbrowserspeed.com",[705],{"_186":706,"_385":703,"_386":26,"_144":707},"tuid","This domain is owned by Ookla which provides internet speed testing services through its Speedtest application.",{"_186":880,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":881},{"_186":819,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":853,"_385":634,"_386":66,"_144":854},{"_186":879,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":856},{"_186":878,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":856},{"_186":851,"_385":656,"_386":66,"_144":852},{"_186":804,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":834,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":819,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":819,"_385":546,"_386":26,"_144":831},{"_186":821,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":653},{"_186":819,"_385":874,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":807,"_385":546,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":821,"_385":824,"_386":26,"_144":653},{"_186":876,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":877},{"_186":875,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":549},{"_186":834,"_385":874,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":819,"_385":816,"_386":26,"_144":831},{"_186":807,"_385":874,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":851,"_385":546,"_386":66,"_144":852},{"_186":859,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":873,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":544},{"_186":807,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":834,"_385":643,"_386":26,"_144":865},{"_186":871,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":872},{"_186":834,"_385":816,"_386":26,"_144":865},{"_186":834,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":869,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":870},{"_186":834,"_385":546,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":819,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":851,"_385":529,"_386":66,"_144":852},{"_186":819,"_385":643,"_386":26,"_144":831},{"_186":815,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":867,"_385":643,"_386":26,"_144":868},{"_186":851,"_385":843,"_386":66,"_144":852},{"_186":812,"_385":866,"_386":26,"_144":813},{"_186":834,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":865},{"_186":812,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":813},{"_186":863,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":864},{"_186":859,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":862,"_385":634,"_386":66,"_144":833},{"_186":860,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":861},{"_186":834,"_385":824,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":859,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":857,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":858},{"_186":807,"_385":824,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":855,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":856},{"_186":818,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":853,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":854},{"_186":851,"_385":634,"_386":66,"_144":852},{"_186":849,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":850},{"_186":803,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":829,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":830},{"_186":847,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":848},{"_186":844,"_385":845,"_386":26,"_144":846},{"_186":812,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":813},{"_186":807,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":807,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":817},{"_186":834,"_385":820,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":842,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":549},{"_186":807,"_385":820,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":814,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":840,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":841},{"_186":837,"_385":838,"_386":26,"_144":839},{"_186":835,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":836},{"_186":804,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":834,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":832,"_385":634,"_386":66,"_144":833},{"_186":807,"_385":643,"_386":26,"_144":817},{"_186":819,"_385":531,"_386":26,"_144":831},{"_186":829,"_385":656,"_386":66,"_144":830},{"_186":827,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":828},{"_186":825,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":826},{"_186":819,"_385":824,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":822,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":823},{"_186":814,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":821,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":653},{"_186":818,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":819,"_385":820,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":815,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":818,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":803,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":807,"_385":816,"_386":26,"_144":817},{"_186":815,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":814,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":812,"_385":559,"_386":26,"_144":813},{"_186":810,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":811},{"_186":808,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":809},{"_186":807,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":639},{"_186":805,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":806},{"_186":804,"_385":656,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":803,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":801,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":802},"_ga_xxxxxxxxxx","Used by Google Analytics to identify and track an individual session with your device.","__sec__token","__sec__cid","s_ppvl","This cookie is set by Adobe Analytics to store information on the percentage of the page displayed to the end user.","_gd_visitor","_biz_dfsA","This cookie is associated with CloudFlare, used to speed up page load times. It is not used to track users but rather to limit the number of requests that have to be made to doubleclick.net.","coveo_visitorId","This cookie name is associated with Coveo which is used to store a unique user ID for marketing purposes and to track the number of distinct users who submitted a query or clicked an item, counting them only once even if they did the same query or clicked the same item over the course of many visits.","_dd_s","Datadog Cookie used to group all events generated from a unique user session across multiple pages. It contains the current session ID, whether the session is excluded due to sampling, and the expiration date of the session. The cookie is extended for an extra 15 minutes every time the user interacts with the website, up to the maximum user session duration (4 hours).","__sec_tid","__sec__fid","crowdsource.nvidia.com","This cookie name is associated with 6sense which is used to collect visitor data related to the user’s visit to the website, such as number of visits, average time spent on the website and which pages have been loaded, for the purpose of serving targeted advertisements.This cookie contains no identifying information and is used for diagnostic purposes by Impact Radius, a service we use to track signup commissions for our affiliate program. We have categorized it under Functionality because it is necessary for the operation of our affiliate program.","__sec__ghost","_gd_svisitor","info.nvidia.com","nvweb_A","_ga","This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics - which is a significant update to Google's more commonly used analytics service. This cookie is used to distinguish unique users by assigning a randomly generated number as a client identifier. It is included in each page request in a site and used to calculate visitor, session and campaign data for the sites analytics reports. By default it is set to expire after 2 years, although this is customisable by website owners.","research.nvidia.com","_uetvid","This is a cookie utilised by Microsoft Bing Ads and is a tracking cookie. It allows us to engage with a user that has previously visited our website.","s_pltp","This cookie is typically associated with Adobe Analytics (formerly SiteCatalyst). It is used to identify the previous link clicked within the site, which helps in analyzing site usage patterns.","s_ecid","Adobe Analytics cookie containing the the Adobe Experience Cloud 1st party visitor id if the Analytics AMCV visitor id is not found.","This cookie name is used as a long-lived unique identifier of the visitor on the website. It is either correlated to the 6suuid or a unique value, and can be changed during the lifetime of this cookie.This cookie contains no identifying information and is used for diagnostic purposes by Impact Radius, a service we use to track signup commissions for our affiliate program. We have categorized it under Functionality because it is necessary for the operation of our affiliate program.","s_ips","This cookie is associated with Adobe Analytics. The cookie is used for measuring a visitor’s scroll activity to see how much of a page they view before moving on to another page.","_gd_session","tp","This cookie is associated with Adobe Analytics site tracking. It registers if the website's scroll-depth detection is active. This function remembers how far the user has scrolled on the current session across the website's sub-pages.","dmn_chk_-xxxxxxxxxxxx","com","Posthog Analytics","_hly_vid","This cookie _hly_vid is used to record website and server performance with each visit to the site. The data is aggregated and analyzed; therefore, it remains anonymous upon use.","_cs_id","blogs.nvidia.com","_session_id","resources.nvidia.com","This cookie creates an interim session ID used as an in-session user ID.\n","s_cc","This cookie is associated with the Adobe Site Catalyst. It determines whether cookies are enabled in the web browser.","_hjSessionUser_xxxxxx","Hotjar cookie that is set when a user first lands on a page with the Hotjar script. It is used to persist the Hotjar User ID, unique to that site on the browser. This ensures that behavior in subsequent visits to the same site will be attributed to the same user ID.","_hjHasCachedUserAttributes","This cookie name is associated with Hotjar which is used to know whether the data set in _hjUserAttributes Local Storage item is up to date or not.","s_ppv","This cookie is associated with Adobe Analytics site tracking and is used to measure a user's scroll activity to see how much of a page they view before moving to another page.","nv.referrerHref","This domain is owned by NVIDIA Corporation which provides information about the company, its products, solutions, industries, news, events, and career opportunities.","_gid","This cookie name is associated with Google Universal Analytics. This appears to be a new cookie and as of Spring 2017 no information is available from Google. It appears to store and update a unique value for each page visited.","__sec_crid","_hjTLDTest","When the Hotjar script executes we try to determine the most generic cookie path we should use, instead of the page hostname. This is done so that cookies can be shared across subdomains (where applicable). To determine this, we try to store the _hjTLDTest cookie for different URL substring alternatives until it fails. After this check, the cookie is removed.","s_tp","s_plt","This cookie is used to measure the time taken for pages to load, allowing website owners to identify slow loading pages and improve user experience.","This _gd_session cookie is used to collect visitor data related to the user's visit to the website, such as number of visits, average time spent on the website and which pages have been loaded, for the purpose of serving targeted advertisements.This cookie contains no identifying information and is used for diagnostic purposes by Impact Radius, a service we use to track signup commissions for our affiliate program. We have categorized it under Functionality because it is necessary for the operation of our affiliate program.","catalog.ngc.nvidia.com","ekfls-2025-03-27","This cookie name is associated with readme.io which is used to help maintain data for the API reference support page.","s_sq","Adobe Site Catalyst cookie, stores information about the previous link clicked within the site","s_getNewRepeat","This cookie is used to determine whether a visitor is a new visitor or a repeat visitor to the site, and is used for analytical purposes.","AMP_92dea1e784","nvidianews.nvidia.com","_cs_s","_hly_sid","This cookie is likely associated with website analytics, as the prefix '_hly_' suggests a connection to Holistics, a business intelligence and analytics platform.","nv.buttonReferrer","nv.referrerId","_hjSession_xxxxxx","A cookie that holds the current session data. This ensues that subsequent requests within the session window will be attributed to the same Hotjar session.","C0001","Required Cookies","These cookies enable core functionality such as security, network management, and accessibility. These cookies are required for the site to function and cannot be turned off.",1,[1036,1037,1038,1039,1040,1041,1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,1047,1048,1049,1050,1051,1052,1053,1054,1055,1056,1057,1058,1059,1060,1061,1062,1063,1064,1065,1066,1067,1068,1069,1070,1071,1072,1073,1074,1075,1076,1077,1078,1079,1080,1081,1082,1083,1084,1085,1086,1087,1088,1089,1090,1091,1092,1093,1094,1095,1096,1097,1098,1099,1100,1101,1102,1103,1104,1105,1106,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,1112,1113,1114,1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124],[888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912],{"_378":1031,"_217":1031,"_144":380,"_351":1032},{"_378":1025,"_217":1025,"_144":380,"_351":1026},{"_378":1013,"_217":1013,"_144":380,"_351":1014},{"_378":1010,"_217":1010,"_144":380,"_351":1011},{"_378":1007,"_217":1007,"_144":380,"_351":1008},{"_378":1002,"_217":1002,"_144":380,"_351":1003},{"_378":997,"_217":997,"_144":380,"_351":998},{"_378":454,"_217":454,"_144":380,"_351":994},{"_378":990,"_217":990,"_144":380,"_351":991},{"_378":442,"_217":442,"_144":380,"_351":988},{"_378":437,"_217":437,"_144":380,"_351":986},{"_378":981,"_217":981,"_144":380,"_351":982},{"_378":976,"_217":976,"_144":380,"_351":977},{"_378":971,"_217":971,"_144":380,"_351":972},{"_378":968,"_217":968,"_144":380,"_351":969},{"_378":411,"_217":411,"_144":380,"_351":966},{"_378":958,"_217":958,"_144":380,"_351":959},{"_378":587,"_217":587,"_144":380,"_351":952},{"_378":946,"_217":946,"_144":380,"_351":947},{"_378":942,"_217":942,"_144":380,"_351":943},{"_378":937,"_217":937,"_144":380,"_351":938},{"_378":933,"_217":933,"_144":380,"_351":934},{"_378":928,"_217":928,"_144":380,"_351":929},{"_378":582,"_217":582,"_144":380,"_351":921},{"_378":913,"_217":913,"_144":380,"_351":914},"pexels.com",[915,916],{"_186":919,"_385":913,"_386":26,"_144":920},{"_186":917,"_385":913,"_386":66,"_144":918},"_cfuvid","Pexels provides high quality and completely free stock photos licensed under the Pexels license. These photos are often used for personal and commercial purposes.","__cf_bm","This is a CloudFoundry cookie",[922,923],{"_186":926,"_385":582,"_386":26,"_144":927},{"_186":924,"_385":582,"_386":26,"_144":925},"CookieConsentPolicy","Used to apply end-user cookie consent preferences set by our client-side utility.","LSKey-c$CookieConsentPolicy","Custom- Short Duration. Unique ID of an Enquiry- used to validate access to case, and load exisiting data.\n","www.recaptcha.net",[930],{"_186":931,"_385":928,"_386":26,"_144":932},"_GRECAPTCHA","This domain is used by Google reCAPTCHA, which provides spam protection services to websites by detecting if a user is a human or a bot.","api2.hcaptcha.com",[935],{"_186":936,"_385":933,"_386":26,"_144":420},"__cflb","instagram.com",[939],{"_186":940,"_385":937,"_386":26,"_144":941},"csrftoken","Instagram is a social networking service owned by Facebook, Inc. It's designed for sharing photos and videos from a smartphone. The service also uses cookies for various purposes, including analytics, personalization, and advertising.","readme.io",[944],{"_186":919,"_385":942,"_386":26,"_144":945},"The __cf_bm cookie is a cookie necessary to support Cloudflare Bot Management, currently in private beta. As part of our bot management service, this cookie helps manage incoming traffic that matches criteria associated with bots.","nvidiacorp.us-5.evergage.com",[948,949],{"_186":951,"_385":946,"_386":26,"_144":420},{"_186":950,"_385":946,"_386":26,"_144":420},"AWSALBTG","AWSALBTGCORS",[953,954],{"_186":956,"_385":587,"_386":26,"_144":957},{"_186":955,"_385":587,"_386":26,"_144":420},"ak_bmsc","bm_mi","This domain is likely associated with NVIDIA's partner program, which could involve marketing, sales, and support services for partners.","app.hushly.com",[960,961,962],{"_186":965,"_385":958,"_386":26,"_144":420},{"_186":964,"_385":958,"_386":66,"_144":420},{"_186":963,"_385":958,"_386":26,"_144":420},"AWSALBCORS","JSESSIONID","AWSALB",[967],{"_186":919,"_385":411,"_386":26,"_144":920},"hcaptcha.com",[970],{"_186":919,"_385":968,"_386":26,"_144":920},"tracking.intentsify.io",[973],{"_186":974,"_385":971,"_386":26,"_144":975},"userId","Used to track usage of the embedded video player.","static.reo.dev",[978],{"_186":979,"_385":976,"_386":26,"_144":980},"cookietest","Common cookie name could have a number of different origins. Where this is first party and a session cookie, its most likely to do with checking to see if the browser is set to block or allow cookies.","www.datadoghq-browser-agent.com",[983],{"_186":984,"_385":981,"_386":26,"_144":985},"dd_cookie_test_","dd_cookie_test",[987],{"_186":919,"_385":437,"_386":26,"_144":920},[989],{"_186":919,"_385":442,"_386":26,"_144":920},"mynvidia.force.com",[992,993],{"_186":926,"_385":990,"_386":26,"_144":927},{"_186":924,"_385":990,"_386":26,"_144":925},[995],{"_186":996,"_385":454,"_386":26,"_144":463},"VISITOR_PRIVACY_METADATA","prod.cloudmatchbeta.nvidiagrid.net",[999],{"_186":1000,"_385":997,"_386":66,"_144":1001},"SERVERID","Usually used for load balancing. Identifies the server that delivered the last page to the browser. Associated with the HAProxy Load Balancer software.","dosa-prd.azurewebsites.net",[1004],{"_186":1005,"_385":1002,"_386":26,"_144":1006},"access_token","This cookie is used to obtain the permissions for users of the portal to allow for API access in order to retrieve information required to perform portal functions.","w.hcaptcha.com",[1009],{"_186":919,"_385":1007,"_386":26,"_144":920},"cdn.readme.io",[1012],{"_186":919,"_385":1010,"_386":26,"_144":920},"queue-it.net",[1015,1016,1017,1018,1019],{"_186":1024,"_385":1013,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1023,"_385":1013,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1022,"_385":1013,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1021,"_385":1013,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1020,"_385":1013,"_386":26,"_144":380},"Queue-it-{queueId}","Queue-it-{dmonvidia }________{eventId}","Queue-it-token","queueitsoftblock_{queueId}","Queue-it-{nvidia}________{eventId}","api.hcaptcha.com",[1027,1028],{"_186":1030,"_385":1025,"_386":26,"_144":420},{"_186":936,"_385":1025,"_386":26,"_144":1029},"This domain is associated with hCaptcha, a service that provides CAPTCHA and reCAPTCHA alternatives for user verification and bot protection.","hmt_id","vimeo.com",[1033,1034],{"_186":919,"_385":1031,"_386":26,"_144":920},{"_186":917,"_385":1031,"_386":66,"_144":1035},"This domain is owned by Vimeo. The main business activity is: Video Hosting/Sharing",{"_186":1221,"_385":1191,"_386":66,"_144":1222},{"_186":1150,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1230},{"_186":1228,"_385":820,"_386":66,"_144":1229},{"_186":1217,"_385":1184,"_386":66,"_144":1218},{"_186":1227,"_385":559,"_386":66,"_144":380},{"_186":1226,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":544},{"_186":1224,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1225},{"_186":951,"_385":1205,"_386":26,"_144":1136},{"_186":1177,"_385":866,"_386":66,"_144":1223},{"_186":1221,"_385":1184,"_386":66,"_144":1222},{"_186":1143,"_385":1216,"_386":66,"_144":1145},{"_186":950,"_385":1135,"_386":26,"_144":1136},{"_186":924,"_385":1216,"_386":26,"_144":925},{"_186":1219,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":1220},{"_186":1217,"_385":1191,"_386":66,"_144":1218},{"_186":926,"_385":1216,"_386":26,"_144":1142},{"_186":1214,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1215},{"_186":950,"_385":1127,"_386":26,"_144":1136},{"_186":1132,"_385":1151,"_386":26,"_144":1134},{"_186":1212,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1213},{"_186":963,"_385":1133,"_386":26,"_144":1148},{"_186":951,"_385":1127,"_386":26,"_144":1136},{"_186":965,"_385":1133,"_386":26,"_144":1209},{"_186":924,"_385":1141,"_386":26,"_144":925},{"_186":1210,"_385":634,"_386":26,"_144":1211},{"_186":951,"_385":1156,"_386":26,"_144":1157},{"_186":965,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":1209},{"_186":1207,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1208},{"_186":956,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":1201},{"_186":1174,"_385":824,"_386":66,"_144":380},{"_186":1206,"_385":874,"_386":66,"_144":380},{"_186":950,"_385":1205,"_386":26,"_144":1136},{"_186":1203,"_385":1135,"_386":66,"_144":1204},{"_186":1162,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1149},{"_186":1132,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1134},{"_186":1202,"_385":1155,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":956,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1201},{"_186":965,"_385":1127,"_386":26,"_144":1200},{"_186":1198,"_385":845,"_386":66,"_144":1199},{"_186":1196,"_385":874,"_386":66,"_144":1197},{"_186":1194,"_385":525,"_386":66,"_144":1195},{"_186":1193,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1150,"_385":1133,"_386":26,"_144":1152},{"_186":1192,"_385":1155,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1183,"_385":1191,"_386":66,"_144":1185},{"_186":1189,"_385":824,"_386":26,"_144":1190},{"_186":1187,"_385":559,"_386":26,"_144":1188},{"_186":1186,"_385":546,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1183,"_385":1184,"_386":66,"_144":1185},{"_186":1181,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1182},{"_186":1179,"_385":1141,"_386":66,"_144":1180},{"_186":1177,"_385":546,"_386":66,"_144":1178},{"_186":1175,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1176},{"_186":1174,"_385":529,"_386":66,"_144":380},{"_186":926,"_385":1144,"_386":26,"_144":1142},{"_186":955,"_385":1163,"_386":26,"_144":1149},{"_186":1172,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":1173},{"_186":1171,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":668},{"_186":984,"_385":866,"_386":26,"_144":1165},{"_186":1169,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1170},{"_186":1167,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1168},{"_186":1166,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":984,"_385":529,"_386":26,"_144":1165},{"_186":1162,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":1149},{"_186":919,"_385":820,"_386":26,"_144":1164},{"_186":1162,"_385":1163,"_386":26,"_144":1149},{"_186":1161,"_385":1155,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1160,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1130},{"_186":1158,"_385":1141,"_386":26,"_144":1159},{"_186":950,"_385":1156,"_386":26,"_144":1157},{"_186":1154,"_385":1155,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1153,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":380},{"_186":1143,"_385":1141,"_386":66,"_144":1145},{"_186":955,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1149},{"_186":1150,"_385":1151,"_386":26,"_144":1152},{"_186":955,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":1149},{"_186":963,"_385":843,"_386":26,"_144":1148},{"_186":1146,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1147},{"_186":924,"_385":1144,"_386":26,"_144":925},{"_186":1143,"_385":1144,"_386":66,"_144":1145},{"_186":926,"_385":1141,"_386":26,"_144":1142},{"_186":1139,"_385":1135,"_386":66,"_144":1140},{"_186":1137,"_385":648,"_386":26,"_144":1138},{"_186":951,"_385":1135,"_386":26,"_144":1136},{"_186":1132,"_385":1133,"_386":26,"_144":1134},{"_186":919,"_385":643,"_386":26,"_144":1131},{"_186":1129,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1130},{"_186":963,"_385":1127,"_386":26,"_144":1128},{"_186":1125,"_385":525,"_386":26,"_144":1126},"LoginHints","Keeps users logged in across NVIDIA domains.","api.ngc.nvidia.com","This cookie is managed by AWS and is used for load balancing.","bm_so","This cookie name is used to load the site as quickly as possible and to recognize bots using Akamai.","The __cf_bm cookie is a cookie necessary to support Cloudflare Bot Management, currently in private beta. As part of our bot management service, this cookie helps manage incoming traffic that matches criteria associated with bots.\nThis is a CloudFoundry cookie","OptanonConsent","nvid.nvidia.com","This cookie is set by the cookie compliance solution from OneTrust. It stores information about the categories of cookies the site uses and whether visitors have given or withdrawn consent for the use of each category. This enables site owners to prevent cookies in each category from being set in the users browser, when consent is not given. The cookie has a normal lifespan of one year, so that returning visitors to the site will have their preferences remembered. It contains no information that can identify the site visitor.","events.nvidia.com","This cookie is associated with the Amazon Web Services Elastic Load Balancing functionality for routing client request on the server.Used to attribute commission to affiliates when you arrive at the website from an affiliate referral link. It is set when you click on one of our links and used to let the advertiser and us know the website from which you came.","sessionid","This is a very generic cookie name that may have different purposes on different sites, but generally it will be some kind of anonymous session identifier.","_csrf","This cookie is used to prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks, ensuring that each request made to the server is from the user's browser and is intentional.","enterprise-support.nvidia.com","Used to apply end-user cookie consent preferences set by our client-side utility.Custom- Short Duration. Unique ID of an Enquiry- used to validate access to case, and load exisiting data.\n","renderCtx","academicgrants.nvidia.com","Used to store site parameters in the session for reuse across requests by a single client for functionality and performance reasons.","ph_phc_yQgAEdJJkVpI24NdSRID2mor1x1leRpDoC9yZ9mfXal_posthog","The PostHog ph_phc_xxx cookie is a session cookie used for identifying and tracking visitors on websites, helping us understand user behavior and website performance.","This cookie is managed by AWS and is used for load balancing.Used to attribute commission to affiliates when you arrive at the website from an affiliate referral link. It is set when you click on one of our links and used to let the advertiser and us know the website from which you came.","This cookie is associated with Akamai and is used to differentiate between traffic from humans and bots.","OptanonAlertBoxClosed","docs.ngc.nvidia.com","This cookie is set by websites using certain versions of the cookie law compliance solution from OneTrust. It is set after visitors have seen a cookie information notice and in some cases only when they actively close the notice down. It enables the website not to show the message more than once to a user. The cookie has a normal lifespan of one year and contains no personal information.","nv_co","__uxq412__ses.88c1","investor.nvidia.com","learn.learn.nvidia.com","This cookie is associated with the Amazon Web Services Elastic Load Balancing functionality for routing client request on the server.","pctrk","Used to count page views by unauthenticated users against license usage.","bm_s","bpazaws52gukakzc__ctrl0_ctl36_uccaptcha","bm_sv","store.nvidia.com","The __cf_bm cookie is a cookie necessary to support Cloudflare Bot Management, currently in private beta. As part of our bot management service, this cookie helps manage incoming traffic that matches criteria associated with bots.\n","This cookie name is used by DataDog to determine if cookies are supported on the website.dd_cookie_test","AMP_TLDTEST_xxxxxxxx","SESSlsd","This cookie is likely to be a session identifier used to maintain user session state across page requests.","mboxEdgeCluster","This cookie name is associated with Adobe Target which is used to communicate the correct edge cluster to at.js so that Target profiles can stay in sync as users navigate across a site.","_biz_pendingA","_rdt_em","This cookie name is associated with Reddit which is used to manage session state and user interactions.","megaNavCollapsed","_abck","The _abck cookie is associated with Akamai's Bot Manager, which is used to prevent fraud and abuse by safeguarding online interactions and detecting irregularities that could suggest malicious activity, such as bot-driven attacks or hacking attempts.","AMP_TEST","This cookie name AMP_TEST is used for internal analytics by the website operator, necessary for the functionality of the website's chat-box function, and to check whether the cookie storage is working properly.","idccsrf","This cookie name is associated with Salesforce which is used to track CrossSiteRequestForgery validation for certain single sign-on (SSO) flows.","_biz_flagsA","This cookie is used to remember users' settings as well as for authentication and analytics.","ApplicationGatewayAffinity","partners.nvidia.com","This cookie is used to maintain a user session by the server in a load balanced environment, to ensure the user has a consistent experience.","AMP_TEST_xxxxxxxx","bm_lso","This cookie name is associated with Akamai which is used to load the site as quickly as possible and to recognize bots.","SSESS###########","This cookie is likely to be a session cookie used to maintain an anonymized user session by the server in a secure environment, often seen in sites built with the Drupal content management system.","nvdeveloper.nvidia.com","__uxq412__id.88c1","QueueITAccepted-SDFrts345E-V3_{eventId}","TEST_AMCV_COOKIE_WRITE","This cookie is used to test whether cookies are enabled in the browser. It is a temporary cookie used to determine if the browser accepts cookies.","session","This cookie is typically used to maintain an anonymized user session by the server.","XSRF-TOKEN","This cookie is written to help with site security in preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.This cookie helps with site security in preventing Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks.","AWS ELB application load balancer","This cookie is associated with Akamai. It is used to analyse traffic to determine if it is automated traffic generated by bots or a human user.","bpazaws52gukakzc__ctrl0_ctl78_list_ctl09_systemcaptcha","PHPSESSID","PHP session cookie associated with embedded content from this domain.\n","base.manager.learn.nvidia.com","login_session","bm_ss","This cookie is used to help protect websites from automated bot traffic.","AWS ELB application load balancerUsed to attribute commission to affiliates when you arrive at the website from an affiliate referral link. It is set when you click on one of our links and used to let the advertiser and us know the website from which you came.","_devzone_session","This cookie is likely used to maintain a user session on the website by the server. It is common for session identifiers to be used to keep users logged in and track their interaction with the site during a session.","_cs_c","The cookie is used by Content Square to save the user consent to be tracked.","bm_sz","This cookie is used by Akamai to optimize site performance and security. It is typically associated with the delivery of web content and services.","vcalliance.nvidia.com","ASP.NET_SessionId","General purpose platform session cookie, used by sites written with Microsoft .NET based technologies. Usually used to maintain an anonymised user session by the server.","com.adobe.alloy.getTld","This cookie name is associated with the Adobe WebSDK which is used to determine the top-most domain that can accept cookies.","ApplicationGatewayAffinityCORS","This cookie is used to maintain a user session by the server in a load balanced environment, to ensure all requests from a user during the session are sent to the same server.","This cookie name AMP_TEST is used for internal analytics by the website operator, necessary for the functionality of the website's chat-box function, and to check whether the cookie storage is working properly.Supports Amplitude product analytics.","SESSls","This cookie is likely to be a session identifier, used to maintain a user's session state across page requests.","AMP_TLDTEST","c_code","BIGipServerx","This cookie name is associated with the BIG-IP product suite from company F5. Usually associated with managing sessions on load balanced servers, to ensure user requests are routed consistently to the correct server. The common root is BIGipServer most commonly followed by a domain name, usually the one that it is hosted on, but not always.","This cookie is set by websites using certain versions of the cookie law compliance solution from OneTrust. It is set after visitors have seen a cookie information notice and in some cases only when they actively close the notice down. It enables the website not to show the message more than once to a user. The cookie has a one year lifespan and contains no personal information.","default","

NVIDIA uses cookies to improve your experience on our web site. We and our third-party partners also use cookies and other tools to collect and record information you provide as well as information about your interactions with our websites for performance improvement, analytics, and to assist in marketing efforts. By clicking \"Accept All\", you consent to our use of cookies and other tools as described in our Cookie Policy. You can manage your cookie settings by clicking on \"Manage Settings.\" By continuing to use this site or by clicking one of the buttons below, you agree to our Terms of Service (which contains important waivers). Please see our Privacy Policy for more information on our privacy practices.

","gpc","

We have detected the Global Privacy Control (GPC) signal and recorded your rejection of all optional cookies on this site for this browser. You can manage your cookie settings by clicking on \"Manage Settings\". Please see our Cookie Policy for more information. To opt out of non-cookie personal information \"sales\" / \"sharing\" for targeted advertising purposes, please visit the NVIDIA Preference Center. Please see our Privacy Policy for more information on our privacy practices.

","gpcLoggedIn","

We have detected the Global Privacy Control Signal (GPC) and have opted you out of all optional cookies on this browser. You can manage your cookie settings by clicking on \"Manage Settings\". Please see our Cookie Policy for more information. We have also opted you out of \"sharing\"/\"sales\" of personal information outside of cookies. You can manage these settings in the NVIDIA NVIDIA Preference Center. Please see our Privacy Policy for more information.

","gpcLoggedInOverridden","

We have detected the Global Privacy Control Signal (GPC) and have opted you out of all optional cookies on this browser. You can manage your cookie settings by clicking on \"Manage Settings\". Please see our Cookie Policy for more information. We have also opted you out of \"sharing\"/\"sales\" of personal information outside of cookies which overrides at least one of your previous settings. You can manage them in the NVIDIA Preference Center. Please see our Privacy Policy for more information.

",{"_882":885,"_672":50,"_571":50,"_355":50,"_346":50},"hasConsented","gpcApplied","showBanner","geolocation",{"_1245":1246,"_1247":1248},"country","US","state","OR","query","categories",[1268,1269,1270,1271,1272],"optionUrls",[1256,1257,1258,1259,1260,1261,1262,1263,1264,1265,1266,1267],"total",12,"/orgs/nim/deepseek-ai/containers/deepseek-r1/-","/orgs/nim/nvidia/containers/llama-3.1-nemotron-70b-instruct/-","/orgs/nvidia/-/containers/pytorch/-","/orgs/nvidia/omniverse/collections/kit/-","/orgs/nvidia/-/collections/deepstream_sdk/-","/orgs/nvidia/omniverse/collections/kit-appstreaming-collection/-","/orgs/nvidia/research/models/stylegan3/-","/orgs/nvidia/tao/models/peoplenet/-","/orgs/nvidia/tao/models/trafficcamnet/-","/orgs/nvidia/riva/resources/riva_quickstart/-","/orgs/nvidia/-/helm-charts/gpu-operator/-","/orgs/nvidia/-/helm-charts/k8s-nim-operator/-",{"_19":1346,"_1274":1347,"_1276":50},{"_19":1311,"_1274":1312,"_1276":53},{"_19":1294,"_1274":1295,"_1276":1296},{"_19":20,"_1274":1287,"_1276":1288},{"_19":1273,"_1274":1275,"_1276":1277},"helm-charts","items",[1278,1279],"startIndex",10,{"_19":1273,"_217":1284,"_140":141,"_142":-7,"_212":1285,"_220":221,"_247":1286,"_1283":1266},{"_19":1273,"_217":1280,"_140":141,"_142":-7,"_212":1281,"_220":221,"_247":1282,"_1283":1267},"NVIDIA NIM Operator","k8s-nim-operator",[],"url","GPU Operator","gpu-operator",[],[1289],9,{"_19":20,"_217":1290,"_140":141,"_142":1291,"_212":1292,"_220":221,"_247":1293,"_1283":1265},"Riva Skills Quick Start","riva","riva_quickstart",[],"models",[1297,1298,1299],6,{"_19":1294,"_217":1307,"_140":141,"_142":1308,"_212":1309,"_220":221,"_247":1310,"_1283":1262},{"_19":1294,"_217":1304,"_140":141,"_142":1301,"_212":1305,"_220":221,"_247":1306,"_1283":1263},{"_19":1294,"_217":1300,"_140":141,"_142":1301,"_212":1302,"_220":221,"_247":1303,"_1283":1264},"TrafficCamNet","tao","trafficcamnet",[],"PeopleNet","peoplenet",[],"StyleGAN3 pretrained models","research","stylegan3",[],"collections",[1313,1314,1315],{"_19":1311,"_217":1343,"_140":141,"_142":1317,"_212":1344,"_220":221,"_247":1345,"_1283":1259},{"_19":1311,"_217":1340,"_140":141,"_142":-7,"_212":1341,"_220":221,"_247":1342,"_1283":1260},{"_19":1311,"_217":1316,"_140":141,"_142":1317,"_212":1318,"_220":221,"_247":1319,"_1283":1261},"Omniverse Kit App Streaming","omniverse","kit-appstreaming-collection",[1320,1321,1322],{"_186":1334,"_217":1335,"_214":1336,"_225":1337,"_1327":1338},{"_186":1317,"_217":1330,"_214":1331,"_225":1326,"_1327":1332},{"_186":1323,"_217":1324,"_214":1325,"_225":1326,"_1327":1328},"omniverse-dev","NVIDIA Developer Program","Join the Developer Program for access to free tools, support, and tech resources.","https://store-images.s-microsoft.com/image/apps.33936.6f1bcf42-55d0-45d1-b4b6-f08c68a50bbe.e91ca707-db64-49d6-9761-4781590a9685.7ba64fc5-7c44-4864-a5e6-7bde05126935","supportedFeatures",[1329],"UNIFIED_CATALOG","NVIDIA Omniverse","NVIDIA Omniverse is a platform of APIs, services, and software development kits (SDKs) that enable developers to build generative AI-enabled tools and applications.",[1329,1333],"SHAREABLE_TO_USER_GROUPS","nv-ai-enterprise","NVIDIA AI Enterprise","Accelerate your AI agent development","https://assets.ngc.nvidia.com/products/catalog/images/product-NVAIE.jpg",[1329,1333,1339],"NGC_CONSOLE","DeepStream SDK","deepstream_sdk",[],"Omniverse Kit (FB)","kit",[1320,1321,1322],"containers",[1348,1349,1350],{"_19":1346,"_217":1362,"_140":1355,"_142":1363,"_212":1364,"_220":221,"_247":1365,"_1283":1256},{"_19":1346,"_217":1354,"_140":1355,"_142":141,"_212":1356,"_220":221,"_247":1357,"_1283":1257},{"_19":1346,"_217":1351,"_140":141,"_142":-7,"_212":1352,"_220":221,"_247":1353,"_1283":1258},"PyTorch","pytorch",[],"Llama-3.1-Nemotron-70B-Instruct","nim","llama-3.1-nemotron-70b-instruct",[1358,1320],{"_186":1359,"_217":1324,"_214":1325,"_225":1360,"_1327":1361},"nim-dev","https://assets.ngc.nvidia.com/products/catalog/images/product-nim-dev.jpg",[1329],"DeepSeek-R1","deepseek-ai","deepseek-r1",[1358,1320],"ownerOrgs",[],"memberOrgs",[],"externalOrgs",[],"apiKey","2b44f86fea50e90ffd2db29ee2028419","consentGranted","applicationId","4c857e4f-5ffa-45fa-b75e-af773c22f0ad","clientToken","pubb6927db33dae60ba5031a186cde0242a","site","datadoghq.com","service","catalog-ui","env","sessionSampleRate",100,"sessionReplaySampleRate","compressIntakeRequests","storeContextsAcrossPages","defaultPrivacyLevel","mask-user-input","trackViewsManually","trackingConsent","not-granted",{"_1395":1396,"_1397":295,"_1398":26,"_1399":1400,"_1274":1401,"_1402":1403,"_1404":1396,"_1405":26,"_1406":26,"_1407":26,"_1408":1409},"appName","ngc-catalog","appOrigin","hideOnPrivateOrg","icon","ObjectsModules2",[1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416],"menuIcon","editor-swatches","productName","requiresAllScopes","requiresLogin","requiresOrgLevelScopesOnly","title","Catalog",{"_1408":1438,"_41":1439,"_1402":1440},{"_1431":1432,"_1408":1433,"_41":1434,"_1404":1334},{"_1408":1429,"_41":1430,"_1402":1403},{"_1408":1426,"_41":1427,"_1402":1428},{"_1408":1423,"_41":1424,"_1402":1425},{"_1408":1420,"_41":1421,"_1402":1422},{"_1408":1417,"_41":1418,"_1402":1419},"Resources","/resources","misc-library","Models","/models","misc-neural-network","Helm Charts","/helm-charts","misc-ship-wheel","Containers","/containers","3d-cube","Collections","/collections","access",[1435],"Enterprise Catalog","/enterprise",[1436,1437],"NVAIE","READ","Explore Catalog","/","common-home",{"_91":92,"_93":94,"_95":96,"_97":98,"_99":100,"_101":102},{"_90":26}]