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GOVERNING DOWNLOAD TERMS: Use of the model is governed by the OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1.

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NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16

\n \n $\"Homepage\"$ \n \n \n $\"Discord\"$ \n \n

\n \n $\"License\"$ \n \n

Model Summary

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Total Parameters	30B (3B active)
Architecture	LatentMoE — Mamba-2 + MoE + Attention hybrid
Precision	BF16 (full-precision reference weights)
Context Length	Up to 1M tokens
Single-GPU Deployment	1× H100 80GB (or 1× A100 80GB); 1× RTX 5090 via llama.cpp (GGUF Q4_K_M)
Supported Hardware	NVIDIA Blackwell (GB200, GeForce RTX 5090 via llama.cpp); NVIDIA Hopper (H100, H200); NVIDIA Ampere (A100)
Supported Languages	English (and coding languages), Spanish, French, German, Italian, Japanese
Speculative Decoding	DFlash for Low Concurrency Data Centre Deployments — Read more below
Reasoning Mode	Configurable on/off via chat template (`enable_thinking=True/False`)
Recommended Sampling	Temperature 1.0, Top_P 0.95
Best For	Customization — post-training (SFT, RL, distillation), domain adaptation, building quantized variants, and research/evaluation at full precision
Looking to Deploy?	For optimized inference, see NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4
License	OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1
Release Date	August 11, 2026

Model Overview

Model Developer: NVIDIA Corporation

Model Dates: December 2025 - May 2026

Data Freshness:

The pre-training data has a cutoff date of September 2025.
The post-training data has a cutoff date of May 2026.

What is Nemotron?

NVIDIA Nemotron™ is a family of open models with open weights, training data, and recipes, delivering leading efficiency and accuracy for building specialized AI agents.

Description

NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is a large language model (LLM) trained by NVIDIA. This is the full-precision (BF16) release of Nemotron 3.5 Lightning — the reference weights of the model, intended primarily as the starting point for customization: post-training (SFT, RL, distillation), domain adaptation, and producing your own quantized or GGUF variants. For latency- and throughput-optimized inference, use the NVFP4 release instead.

The model employs a hybrid Latent Mixture-of-Experts (LatentMoE) architecture, utilizing interleaved Mamba-2 and MoE layers, along with select Attention layers. The Lightning 3.5 model is released alongside a number of speculative decoding methods for faster text generation. The model has 3B active parameters and 30B parameters in total.

This model is ready for commercial use.

Quick Start

\n
For running Nemotron 3.5 Lightning fast — with NVFP4 quantization, W4A16 for broad hardware coverage, and the DSpark recipe for DGX Spark — please see: NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4
\n

To get quickly started on a single H100 you can use the following command.

Grab the model:

export MODEL_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16\nexport DFLASH_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4-DFlash\n

Run it with vLLM — this recipe uses DFlash speculative decoding for low-concurrency serving. (Nightly: vllm/vllm-openai:nightly-821717118fc26667dd474b9b0ab81d29259dfc5c)

VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n    --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n    --trust-remote-code \\\n    --max-num-seqs 512 \\\n    --max-model-len 1048576 \\\n    --max-num-batched-tokens 8192 \\\n    --enable-prefix-caching \\\n    --async-scheduling \\\n    --speculative_config.method dflash \\\n    --speculative_config.model $DFLASH_CKPT \\\n    --speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens 3 \\\n    --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n    --mamba-ssm-cache-dtype float16 \\\n    --enable-mamba-cache-stochastic-rounding \\\n    --mamba-cache-philox-rounds 5\n

For more details on how to deploy and use the model — see the Quick Start Guide below!

License/Terms of Use

Governing Download Terms: Use of this model is governed by the OpenMDW-1.1 model license.

\n\n

Benchmarks

We evaluated our model on the following benchmarks:

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Task	Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16	Qwen 3.6 35B A3B*	Gemma 4 26B A4B*	Nemotron 3 Nano*	Nemotron 3 Super*	GPT-OSS 20B*
General Knowledge
MMLU Pro	81.94	85.63	85.20	78.46	83.89	76.40
AA-Omniscience	17.50	19.47	22.17	20.15	26.68	16.62
Reasoning
GPQA Diamond (no tools)	76.89	83.40	79.61	74.05	78.60	71.46
HLE (text-only, no tools)	11.72	19.56	17.42	10.89	20.30	13.76
SciCode	32.60	35.33	40.28	30.08	35.11	38.63
Coding & Agentic
SWE-bench Verified	51.56	70.12	57.40	34.08	63.08	52.44
SWE-bench Multilingual	39.33	63.40	43.40	14.07	49.80	41.93
Terminal-Bench 2.1	24.58	44.38	37.22	8.29	39.61	15.17
PinchBench	85.37	88.07	74.70	66.11	80.36	57.20
BrowseComp	36.97	48.74	26.30	13.74	22.77	–
τ³-bench (Banking)	9.28	10.52	14.02	7.01	12.37	–
GDPval-AA-V2	832	1015	807	473	746	–
Instruction Following
IFBench (loose)	71.88	63.71	77.25	72.17	71.92	68.50
Long Context
AA-LCR	52.00	61.06	57.56	32.75	58.44	32.88

Agentic Coding Benchmarks

Additional harness-level coding-agent results for SWE-Bench Verified and Terminal-Bench 2.1 are summarized in the benchmark table above.

Deployment Geography: Global

Use Case

NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is the full-precision release of a general purpose reasoning and chat model, and is intended primarily for customization and post-training rather than direct production inference. It is intended to be used by developers who want to: post-train the model on their own data (SFT, RL via NeMo RL and NeMo Gym, or distillation), adapt it to a domain or task, produce quantized variants (NVFP4, W4A16, GGUF) for their own deployment targets, or run full-precision research and evaluation. English and coding languages are the primary languages, with Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Japanese also supported.

For developers who want to deploy Lightning 3.5 directly — in AI agent systems, chatbots, RAG systems, and instruction-following applications — the NVFP4 release is the recommended path, with optimized recipes for data centre and DGX Spark deployments.

Release Date

Hugging Face — 08/11/2026

Model Architecture

Architecture Type: Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid (Mamba + Transformer)
Network Architecture: Nemotron-3-Lightning + Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)
Number of model parameters: 30B Total / 3B Active

Model Design

The model was pre-trained with over 20T tokens and supports up to 1M context length. The pre-training phase used an NVFP4 recipe. It utilizes the LatentMoE architecture, where tokens are projected into a smaller latent dimension for expert routing and computation, improving accuracy per byte. The model includes Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) layers, which predict multiple future tokens to provide richer training signals.

Training Methodology

Stage 1: Pre-Training

NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 model was pre-trained using an NVFP4 recipe with crawled and synthetic code, math, science, and general knowledge data.
Software used for pre-training: Megatron-LM

Stage 2: Continued Pre-Training for Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)

The model underwent a continued pre-training phase to train its Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) layers. In this stage, MTP heads learn to predict multiple future tokens, providing richer training signals to the base model. This phase aligns the MTP layers with the base model's distribution.

Stage 3: Supervised Fine-Tuning

The model was further fine-tuned on synthetic code, math, science, tool calling, instruction following, structured outputs, and general knowledge data. This stage incorporated data designed to support long-range retrieval and multi-document aggregation.

Stage 4: Reinforcement Learning

The model underwent multi-environment reinforcement learning using GRPO (Group Relative Policy Optimization) across math, code, science, instruction following, multi-step tool use, multi-turn conversations, and structured output environments. It utilized an asynchronous RL architecture that decouples training from inference and leverages MTP to accelerate rollout generation.
Software used for reinforcement learning: NeMo RL, NeMo Gym

NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is a result of the above work.

Input

Input Type(s): Text
Input Format(s): String
Input Parameters: One-Dimensional (1D): Sequences
Other Properties Related to Input: Maximum context length up to 1M tokens. Supported languages include English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Japanese.

Output

Output Type(s): Text
Output Format: String
Output Parameters: One-Dimensional (1D): Sequences
Other Properties Related to Output: Maximum context length up to 1M tokens

Our AI models are designed and/or optimized to run on NVIDIA GPU-accelerated systems. By leveraging NVIDIA's hardware (e.g. GPU cores) and software frameworks (e.g., CUDA libraries), the model achieves faster training and inference times compared to CPU-only solutions.

Software Integration

Runtime Engine(s): PyTorch; llama.cpp (GGUF)
Supported Hardware Microarchitecture Compatibility: NVIDIA Ampere - A100; NVIDIA Blackwell; NVIDIA Hopper - H100-80GB
Preferred/Supported Operating System(s): Linux

The integration of foundation and fine-tuned models into AI systems requires additional testing using use-case-specific data to ensure safe and effective deployment. Following the V-model methodology, iterative testing and validation at both unit and system levels are essential to mitigate risks, meet technical and functional requirements, and ensure compliance with safety and ethical standards before deployment.

Model Version(s)

GA (08/11/2026)

Quick Start Guide

All deployment snippets below assume:

export MODEL_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16\n

And for DFlash:

export DFLASH_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4-DFlash\n

\n
The BF16 recipes below cover vLLM and llama.cpp. For TensorRT-LLM, SGLang, W4A16 (Blackwell / Hopper / Ampere from a single checkpoint), and DGX Spark (DSpark) recipes, see the NVFP4 card.
\n

Speculative Decoding Strategies

Lightning 3.5 ships with external draft models for speculative decoding — pick the strategy that matches your deployment, or serve without speculative decoding for maximum-throughput batch workloads:

DFlash: An external draft-model checkpoint tuned for low concurrency data centre deployments, minimizing per-request latency when batch sizes are small.
DSpark: A draft-model configuration tuned specifically for DGX Spark (GB10) workflows. The DSpark recipe pairs with the NVFP4 (W4A16) checkpoint — see the NVFP4 card for the launch command.

The model's built-in Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) layers are used during training only; MTP-based serving is not recommended, and no MTP deployment configurations are provided.

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Strategy	Best for	Tested on
None	Maximum-throughput, high-concurrency batch serving	1× H100, 8× H100 (vLLM)
DFlash	Latency-sensitive, low-concurrency serving	1× H100, 1× GB200 (vLLM); 1× RTX 5090 (llama.cpp)
DSpark	Interactive / local DGX Spark workflows	NVFP4 (W4A16) — see the NVFP4 card

The snippets in each backend section below show how to launch with the corresponding strategy.

vLLM

Nightly container: vllm/vllm-openai:nightly-821717118fc26667dd474b9b0ab81d29259dfc5c

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All vLLM snippets below serve on the default port 8000, matching the API Client examples.
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1x H100

For high concurrency deployments, use the following:

VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n    --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n    --max-num-seqs 512 \\\n    --trust-remote-code \\\n    --max-model-len 262144 \\\n    --max-num-batched-tokens 16384 \\\n    --enable-prefix-caching \\\n    --async-scheduling \\\n    --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n    --mamba-ssm-cache-dtype float16 \\\n    --enable-mamba-cache-stochastic-rounding \\\n    --mamba-cache-philox-rounds 5 \\\n    --mamba-cache-mode align\n

For low-concurrency deployments, you can use this following command, leveraging DFlash:

VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n    --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n    --trust-remote-code \\\n    --max-num-seqs 512 \\\n    --max-model-len 262144 \\\n    --max-num-batched-tokens 8192 \\\n    --enable-prefix-caching \\\n    --async-scheduling \\\n    --speculative_config.method dflash \\\n    --speculative_config.model $DFLASH_CKPT \\\n    --speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens 3 \\\n    --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n    --mamba-ssm-cache-dtype float16 \\\n    --enable-mamba-cache-stochastic-rounding \\\n    --mamba-cache-philox-rounds 5\n

8x H100

For long-context, multi-GPU serving (TP8 with expert parallelism):

VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n    --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n    --moe-backend flashinfer_cutlass \\\n    --trust-remote-code \\\n    --max-num-batched-tokens 4096 \\\n    --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n    --enable-prefix-caching \\\n    --mamba-cache-mode align \\\n    --max-model-len 1048576 \\\n    --enable-expert-parallel \\\n    --tensor-parallel-size 8\n

1x GB200

Specdec method - DFlash:

VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n    --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n    --max-num-seqs 64 \\\n    --max-model-len 1048576 \\\n    --max-num-batched-tokens 10240 \\\n    --no-enable-prefix-caching \\\n    --async-scheduling \\\n    --speculative_config.method dflash \\\n    --speculative_config.model $DFLASH_CKPT \\\n    --speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens 5 \\\n    --mamba-backend flashinfer\n

Context Length: The snippets above serve the model's full 1M-token context window by default. If you're memory-constrained — or want more KV-cache headroom at high concurrency — lower --max-model-len to match your workload and drop VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1.

Llama.cpp

Run Lightning 3.5 locally on consumer GPUs. The walkthrough below builds llama.cpp with DFlash support, converts the target and draft models to GGUF (with optional quantization), and serves an OpenAI-compatible endpoint on a single RTX 5090 — including a speed-bench harness to verify throughput.

1x RTX 5090 — DFlash: Click to expand!

\nIt is assumed you possess the BF16 target model directory and BF16 draft model directory.\n

\n
The server examples below use $PORT — set $PORT = 8000 to align with the API Client examples.
\n

First, clone the llama.cpp repo:

git clone https://gitlab-master.nvidia.com/winai/llama.cpp.git -b lnigam/dflash-recurrent-rollback  # TODO: replace with public repo/branch before publish (checklist 8)\n

Build the repo:

cd $LLAMA_CPP\n \ncmake -S . -B build-cuda -G Ninja `\n  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `\n  -DGGML_CUDA=ON\n \ncmake --build build-cuda --config Release -j 18\n

Convert the models to .gguf format if not done already:

# for target model\n$PYTHON convert_hf_to_gguf.py $TARGET_HF `\n  --outtype bf16 `\n  --outfile \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-lightning-target-bf16.gguf\"\n \n# for draft model. Note that it requires the corresponding target model as an\n# additional argument.\n$PYTHON convert_hf_to_gguf.py $DFLASH_HF `\n  --target-model-dir $TARGET_HF `\n  --outtype bf16 `\n  --outfile \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-dflash-bf16.gguf\"\n \n# one can also take NVFP4 models from HF and directly convert them into GGUF\n# using the following command\n$PYTHON convert_hf_to_gguf.py $MODEL_PATH `\n  --fp8-as-q8 `\n  --outfile model.gguf\n

If required, you can also quantize the BF16 model:

\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-quantize.exe\" `\n  \"to\\bf16\\model.gguf\" `\n  \"to\\quantized\\model.gguf\" `\n  Q4_K_M\n \n\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-quantize.exe\" `\n  \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-dflash-bf16.gguf\" `\n  \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-dflash-Q4_K_M.gguf\" `\n  Q4_K_M\n

For a target-only run:

\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-server.exe\" `\n  -m \"to\\target\\model.gguf\" `\n  --temp 0 -s 421 --top-k 1 `\n  -np 1 `\n  -c 40960 `\n  --port $PORT `\n  -ngl 99 `\n  -fa on `\n  --jinja `\n  --no-webui `\n  --fit off\n

For a run with DFlash:

\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-server.exe\" `\n  -m \"to\\target\\model.gguf\" `\n  -md \"to\\draft\\model.gguf\" `\n  --spec-type draft-dflash `\n  --spec-draft-n-max 7 `\n  --temp 0 -s 421 --top-k 1 `\n  -np 1 `\n  -c 40960 `\n  --port $PORT `\n  -ngl 99 `\n  -fa on `\n  --jinja `\n  --no-webui `\n  --fit off\n

You can vary the amount of draft tokens generated at once by changing the --spec-draft-n-max flag.

Once you've got a server started up (it won't take long with llama.cpp), open another terminal to query it with the following:

# run this once\npip install -r \"$LLAMA_CPP\\tools\\server\\bench\\speed-bench\\requirements.txt\"\n \n# do a hf login, if the following command doesn't work.\n$PYTHON \"$LLAMA_CPP\\tools\\server\\bench\\speed-bench\\speed_bench.py\" `\n  --url http://127.0.0.1:$PORT `\n  --bench qualitative `\n  --category all `\n  --osl 128 `\n  --concurrency 1 `\n  --output \"$OUT\\result.json\"\n

API Client

The examples below use the OpenAI-compatible client and work with either serving backend above. Both backends serve on port 8000 (vLLM by default; llama.cpp via $PORT=8000), so the base_url works as-is. Recommended sampling settings are Temperature 1.0 and Top_P 0.95.

The vLLM snippets above register the model as nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 via --served-model-name. For llama.cpp — or if you change that flag — copy the identifier returned by GET /v1/models into MODEL below.

from openai import OpenAI\nclient = OpenAI(base_url=\"http://localhost:8000/v1\", api_key=\"EMPTY\")\nMODEL = \"nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16\"\n

Lightning 3.5 exposes reasoning control through chat-template kwargs: thinking enabled (the default), thinking disabled for direct answers, and a runtime thinking budget.

Reasoning ON / OFF and streaming examples: Click to expand!

Reasoning ON (default)

response = client.chat.completions.create(\n    model=MODEL,\n    messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"Write a haiku about GPUs\"}],\n    max_tokens=16000,\n    temperature=1.0,\n    top_p=0.95,\n    extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"enable_thinking\": True}}\n)\nprint(response.choices[0].message.content)\n

Reasoning OFF

response = client.chat.completions.create(\n    model=MODEL,\n    messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"What is the capital of Japan?\"}],\n    max_tokens=16000,\n    temperature=1.0,\n    top_p=0.95,\n    extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"enable_thinking\": False}}\n)\nprint(response.choices[0].message.content)\n

Streaming

stream = client.chat.completions.create(\n    model=MODEL,\n    messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"Explain speculative decoding in two sentences\"}],\n    max_tokens=16000,\n    temperature=1.0,\n    top_p=0.95,\n    stream=True,\n)\nfor chunk in stream:\n    print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content or \"\", end=\"\", flush=True)\n

Tool Calling

For vLLM, add the following to any serve command above:

    --enable-auto-tool-choice \\\n    --tool-call-parser qwen3_coder \\\n    --reasoning-parser nemotron_v3\n

NOTE: For coding agents, add extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"force_nonempty_content\": True}} to the API call, as shown below.

tools = [{\n    \"type\": \"function\",\n    \"function\": {\n        \"name\": \"get_weather\",\n        \"description\": \"Get the current weather for a city\",\n        \"parameters\": {\n            \"type\": \"object\",\n            \"properties\": {\"city\": {\"type\": \"string\"}},\n            \"required\": [\"city\"],\n        },\n    },\n}]\n\nresponse = client.chat.completions.create(\n    model=MODEL,\n    messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"What's the weather in Santa Clara?\"}],\n    tools=tools,\n    max_tokens=16000,\n    temperature=1.0,\n    top_p=0.95,\n    extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"force_nonempty_content\": True}},\n)\nprint(response.choices[0].message.tool_calls)\n

Training, Testing, and Evaluation Datasets

Training

Data Modality: Text\nTraining Data Size: More than 20 Trillion Tokens\nDataset partition: Training [100%], testing [0%], validation [0%]\nTime period for training data collection: 2013 to December 2025\nTime period for testing data collection: 2013 to December 2025\nTime period for validation data collection: 2013 to December 2025\nData Collection Method by dataset: Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Collected, Synthetic\nLabeling Method by dataset: Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Labeled, Synthetic

NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is pre-trained on a large corpus of high-quality curated and synthetically-generated data. It is trained in the English language, as well as 19 other spoken languages and 43 programming languages. Our sources cover a variety of document types such as: webpages, dialogue, articles, and other written materials. The corpus spans domains including legal, math, science, finance, and more. We also include a small portion of question-answering, and alignment style data to improve model accuracy. The model was pre-trained for more than 20 trillion tokens.

The post-training corpus for NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 consists of high-quality curated and synthetically-generated data. Primary languages used for post-training include English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and Chinese.

These datasets, such as FinePDFs, EssentialWeb, HotpotQA, SQuAD, and HelpSteer3, do not collectively or exhaustively represent all demographic groups (and proportionally therein). For instance, these datasets do not contain explicit mentions of demographic classes such as age, gender, or ethnicity in 64-99% of samples, depending on the source. In the subset where such terms are present, document-based datasets (FinePDFs and EssentialWeb) contain representational skews, such as references to \"male\" outnumbering those to \"female\", and mentions of \"White\" as the most frequent among ethnic identifiers (comprising 43-44% of ethnicity mentions). To mitigate these imbalances, we recommend considering evaluation techniques such as bias audits, fine-tuning with demographically balanced datasets, and mitigation strategies like counterfactual data augmentation to align with the desired model behavior. This evaluation used a 3,000-sample subset per dataset, identified as the optimal threshold for maximizing embedder accuracy.

During post-training, we generate synthetic data by distilling trajectories, solutions, and translations from strong teacher models and agent systems, often grounded in real tasks or documents and aggressively filtered for quality. For math, code, and science, we start from curated problem sets and use open source permissive models such as GPT-OSS-120B to produce step-by-step reasoning traces, candidate solutions, best-of-n selection traces, and verified CUDA kernels. For long-context and science, we build synthetic QA and reasoning data by retrieving passages from long documents, generating MCQ/OpenQA questions and answers, and paraphrasing them into multiple prompt/response formats to ensure diversity. Across all pipelines we stack automated verification—compilers, numerical checks, language identification—to ensure our data is high quality.

For all domains, we apply a unified data filtering pipeline to ensure that only high-quality, license-compliant, and verifiable samples are used for post-training. We first discard malformed examples using structural checks (e.g., missing tool definitions when tool calls are present). We then aggressively filter reasoning traces exhibiting pathological repetition, such as repeated n-grams within a sliding window or across the entire trajectory, which we found to be a strong indicator of malformed or low-quality reasoning. Finally, based on internal audits of synthetically generated datasets, we observed that some teacher models occasionally produce reasoning traces and final responses that implicitly align with specific political entities or promote nationalistic narratives. To mitigate this, we apply targeted keyword- and regex-based filters and remove all trajectories matching such behavior.

Alongside the model, we release our final pre-training and post-training data, as outlined in this section. For ease of analysis, there is a sample set that is ungated. For all remaining code, math and multilingual data, gating and approval is required, and the dataset is permissively licensed for model training purposes.

For Detailed Dataset Information: Click here!

Base Pre-Training Corpus (Nemotron 3 Foundation)

The foundation of the model is trained on the Nemotron 3 corpus, comprising the following datasets from the Nemotron Pretraining Datasets collection:

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Dataset Collection	Token Counts	Description
Nemotron-CC-v2 & v2.1	9.1T	A massive collection of English web data filtered from Common Crawl, including 2.5T+ tokens of new organic, translated, and synthetically rephrased content.
Nemotron-CC-Code-v1	427.9B	High-quality code tokens extracted from Common Crawl using the Lynx + LLM pipeline to preserve structure and equations.
Nemotron-Pretraining-Code-v1 & v2 & v3	1.7T	Curated GitHub code references with multi-stage filtering, deduplication, and large-scale synthetic code data.
Nemotron-CC-Math-v1	133.3B	High-quality math pre-training dataset preserving LaTeX formatting and mathematical structures.
Nemotron-Pretraining-Specialized-v1 & v1.1 & v1.2 & Nemotron-Pretraining-SFT-v1	660.0B	Synthetic datasets targeting specialized domains such as STEM reasoning and scientific coding.
Nemotron-Pretraining-Legal-v1	4.3B	Synthetic datasets targeting the legal domain.

Public Datasets

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Dataset	Collection Period
GSM8K	4/23/2025
CC-NEWS	4/23/2025
Common Crawl	4/23/2025
Wikimedia	4/23/2025
Bespoke-Stratos-17k	4/23/2025
tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k	4/23/2025
glaive-function-calling-v2	4/23/2025
APIGen Function-Calling	4/23/2025
LMSYS-Chat-1M	4/23/2025
Open Textbook Library - CC BY-SA & GNU subset and OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset	4/23/2025
Advanced Reasoning Benchmark, tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k, PRM800K, and SciBench	4/23/2025
FineWeb-2	4/23/2025
Court Listener	Legacy Download
peS2o	Legacy Download
OpenWebMath	Legacy Download
BioRxiv	Legacy Download
PMC Open Access Subset	Legacy Download
OpenWebText2	Legacy Download
Stack Exchange Data Dump	Legacy Download
PubMed Abstracts	Legacy Download
NIH ExPorter	Legacy Download
arXiv	Legacy Download
BigScience Workshop Datasets	Legacy Download
Reddit Dataset	Legacy Download
SEC's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR)	Legacy Download
Advanced Mathematical Problem Solving	Legacy Download
MathPile	Legacy Download
NuminaMath CoT	Legacy Download
PMC Article	Legacy Download
FLAN	Legacy Download
Advanced Reasoning Benchmark	Legacy Download
SciBench	Legacy Download
WikiTableQuestions	Legacy Download
FinQA	Legacy Download
Riddles	Legacy Download
Problems in Elementary Mathematics for Home Study	Legacy Download
MedMCQA	Legacy Download
Cosmos QA	Legacy Download
MCTest	Legacy Download
AI2's Reasoning Challenge	Legacy Download
OpenBookQA	Legacy Download
MMLU Auxiliary Train	Legacy Download
social-chemestry-101	Legacy Download
Moral Stories	Legacy Download
The Common Pile v0.1	Legacy Download
FineMath	Legacy Download
MegaMath	Legacy Download
MultiverseMathHard	10/2/2025
SWE-Gym	10/2/2025
WorkBench	10/2/2025
WildChat-1M	10/2/2025
OpenCodeReasoning-2	10/2/2025
HelpSteer3	10/2/2025
opc-sft-stage2	10/2/2025
Big-Math-RL-Verified	10/2/2025
MetaMathQA	10/2/2025
simple-arithmetic-problems	10/2/2025
arithmetic	10/2/2025
Skywork-OR1-RL-Data	10/2/2025
FastChat	10/2/2025
News Commentary	10/2/2025
Essential-Web	10/2/2025
finepdfs	10/2/2025
HotpotQA	10/2/2025
SQuAD2.0	10/2/2025
NLTK Words Lists	10/2/2025

Crawled and Scraped from Online Sources by NVIDIA

The English Common Crawl data was downloaded from the Common Crawl Foundation (see their FAQ for details on their crawling) and includes the snapshots CC-MAIN-2013-20 through CC-MAIN-2025-13. The data was subsequently deduplicated and filtered in various ways described in the Nemotron-CC paper. Additionally, we extracted data for fifteen languages from the following three Common Crawl snapshots: CC-MAIN-2024-51, CC-MAIN-2025-08, CC-MAIN-2025-18. The fifteen languages included were Arabic, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Thai. As we did not have reliable multilingual model-based quality classifiers available, we applied just heuristic filtering instead—similar to what we did for lower quality English data in the Nemotron-CC pipeline, but selectively removing some filters for some languages that did not work well. Deduplication was done in the same way as for Nemotron-CC.

The GitHub Crawl was collected using the GitHub REST API and the Amazon S3 API. Each crawl was operated in accordance with the rate limits set by its respective source, either GitHub or S3. We collect raw source code and subsequently remove any having a license which does not exist in our permissive-license set.

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Dataset	Modality	Dataset Size	Collection Period	Collecting Organisation
English Common Crawl	Text	3.36T	4/8/2025	NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research
English Common Crawl 1.1	Text	Not disclosed	10/2/2025	NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research
Multilingual Common Crawl	Text	812.7B	5/1/2025	NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research
GitHub Crawl	Text	747.4B	4/29/2025	NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research
GitHub Crawl 1.1	Text	172.7B	9/30/2025	NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research

Private Non-publicly Accessible Datasets of Third Parties

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Dataset	Model(s) used
Global Regulation	Unknown
TAUS Translation Memory	Unknown
Scale HLE	Unknown
HackerRank Coding	Unknown
RL data for Search	Gemini 3; GPT-5

Private Non-publicly Accessible Datasets by NVIDIA

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Dataset	Model(s) used
Simple Minesweeper	Undisclosed
Simple Sudoku	Undisclosed
Multitool Typewriter Hard	Undisclosed
Machine Translation of News Commentary and TAUS Translation Memory	Undisclosed
Machine Translation of STEM -	Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct
Competitive Coding RL data from Nemotron Cascade	Undisclosed
Long context RL	Undisclosed
Single-step SWE RL for patch generation	Undisclosed
OpenHands SWE	Undisclosed

NVIDIA-Sourced Synthetic Datasets (Pre-Training)

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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Dataset	Modality	Dataset Size	Seed Dataset	Model(s) used for generation
Nemotron-Pretraining-Fact-Seeking	Text	35.0B	FineWiki	Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507
Nemotron-Pretraining-Legal	Text	4.3B	CommonPile (caselaw_access_project_filtered); California Code of Regulations; Judicial Ethics Opinions; GLOBALCIT; CUAD; Nemotron Personas; ToSDR Terms of Service Corpus; CodeHima/TOS_Dataset; ContractNLI; CaseHOLD; Code of Federal Regulations; Canadian Case Law (subsets that allow commercial use)	Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
Nemotron-Pretraining-Formal-Logic	Text	128M	Nemotron Personas	Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
Nemotron-Pretraining-Economics	Text	73.4M	-	Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
Nemotron-Pretraining-Multiple-Choice	Text	1.6B	MMLU Auxiliary Train	DeepSeek-V3; Qwen3-235B-A22B
Nemotron-Pretraining-Code-Concepts	Text	7.3B	-	gpt-oss-20b; gpt-oss-120b
Nemotron-Pretraining-Unconditional-Algorithmic	Text	196.5M	-	gpt-oss-120b; Qwen3-235B-A22B
More Synthetic Tasks from DeepSeek-V3 and Qwen3-235B-A22B	Text	1.1B	train splits of acp_bench; ai2_arc; babi; gsm8k; hendrycks_math; IFEval; MedText; mediqa_qa; mlqa; MMLU-Pro; mmlu-pro-plus; MMLU-ProX; nq_open; tinyGSM8k; truthful_qa; truthfulqa-multi; MATH-lighteval; mmlu; awesome-chatgpt-prompts; super_glue	DeepSeek v3; Qwen3-235B-A22B
Synthetic Tasks from DeepSeek-V3 and Qwen3-235B-A22B	Text	6.7B	train splits of Into the Unknown; AI2 ARC (AI2 Reasoning Challenge); BLiMP (Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs); CommonSenseQA; GLUE; HeadQA; Hendrycks Ethics; Memo Trap; modus-tollens; NeQA; pattern-matching-suppression; mastermind_24_mcq_random; mastermind_24_mcq_close; quote-repetition; redefine-math; Repetitive Algebra; sig-figs; MMLU-Pro; MC-TACO; MedConceptsQA; MMLU_dataset; OpenbooksQA; PIQA (Physical Interaction Question Answering); SocialIQA; SuperGLUE; tinyAI2_arc; tinyMMLU; tinyWinogrande; TruthfulQA; WebQuestions; Winogrande; GPQA; MBPP	DeepSeek v3; Qwen3-235B-A22B
Synthetic Art of Problem Solving from DeepSeek-R1	Text	40B	Art of Problem Solving; American Mathematics Competitions 8; American Mathematics Competitions 10	DeepSeek-R1
Synthetic Moral Stories and Social Chemistry from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 and Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1	Text	15.2M	social-chemestry-101; Moral Stories	Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507; Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1
Synthetic Moral Stories and Social Chemistry from Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1	Text	327M	social-chemestry-101; Moral Stories	Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1
Synthetic Social Sciences seeded with OpenStax from DeepSeek-V3, Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1, and Qwen2.5-72B	Text	83.6M	OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset	DeepSeek-V3; Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1; Qwen2.5-72B
Synthetic Health Sciences seeded with OpenStax from DeepSeek-V3, Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1, and Qwen2.5-72B	Text	9.7M	OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset	DeepSeek-V3; Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1; Qwen2.5-72B
Synthetic STEM seeded with OpenStax, Open Textbook Library, and GSM8K from DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-V3-0324, and Qwen2.5-72B	Text	175M	OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset; GSM8K; Open Textbook Library - CC BY-SA & GNU subset	DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-V3; DeepSeek-V3-0324; Qwen2.5-72B
Nemotron-PrismMath	Text	4.6B	Big-Math-RL-Verified; OpenR1-Math-220k	Qwen2.5-0.5B-instruct, Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct; DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B
Synthetic Question Answering Data from Papers and Permissible Books from Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct	Text	350M	arXiv; National Institutes of Health ExPorter; BioRxiv; PMC Article; USPTO Backgrounds; peS2o; Global Regulation; CORE; PG-19; DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset; NDLTD	Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct
Synthetic Rephrased Math Data from Common Crawl from phi-4	Text	73B	Common Crawl	phi-4
Synthetic Math Data from Common Crawl 4plus	Text	52.3B	Common Crawl	phi-4
Synthetic Math Data from Common Crawl 3	Text	80.9B	Common Crawl	phi-4
Synthetic AGIEval seeded with AQUA-RAT, LogiQA, and AR-LSAT from DeepSeek-V3 and DeepSeek-V3-0324	Text	4.0B	AQUA-RAT; LogiQA; AR-LSAT	DeepSeek-V3; DeepSeek-V3-0324
Synthetic AGIEval seeded with AQUA-RAT, LogiQA, and AR-LSAT from Qwen3-30B-A3B	Text	4.2B	AQUA-RAT; LogiQA; AR-LSAT	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Synthetic Art of Problem Solving from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, Qwen2.5-Math-72B, Qwen2.5-Math-7B, and Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	Art of Problem Solving; American Mathematics Competitions 8; American Mathematics Competitions 10; GSM8K; PRM800K	Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct; Qwen2.5-Math-72B; Qwen2.5-Math-7B; Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct
Synthetic MMLU Auxiliary Train from DeepSeek-R1	Text	0.5B	MMLU Auxiliary Train	DeepSeek-R1
Synthetic Long Context Continued Post-Training Data from Papers and Permissible Books from Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	arXiv; National Institutes of Health ExPorter; BioRxiv; PMC Article; USPTO Backgrounds; peS2o; Global Regulation; CORE; PG-19; DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset; NDLTD	Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct
Synthetic Common Crawl from Qwen3-30B-A3B and Mistral-Nemo-12B-Instruct	Text	415.8B	Common Crawl	Qwen3-30B-A3B; Mistral-NeMo-12B-Instruct
Synthetic Multilingual Data from Common Crawl from Qwen3-30B-A3B	Text	Undisclosed	Common Crawl	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Synthetic Multilingual Data from Wikimedia from Qwen3-30B-A3B	Text	Undisclosed	Wikimedia	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Synthetic Math Data from Wikimedia from Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	-	Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct
Synthetic Common Crawl Code from phi-4	Text	427.9B	Common Crawl	phi-4
Synthetic Scientific Coding from Qwen3-235B-A22B	Text	1.2B	Wikimedia	Qwen3-235B-A22B
Tool Calling Data	Text	26.2B	-	Qwen3-235B-A22B-2507; gpt-oss-120b
Synthetic Essential-Web from QwQ-32B	Text	28.1B	Essential-Web	QwQ-32B
Translated Synthetic Crawl	Text	389.9B	Common Crawl	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Translated Synthetic Wikipedia	Text	7.9B	Wikimedia	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Synthetic Long Context from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507	Text	Undisclosed	CORE; PG-19; DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset; NDLTD	Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507
Synthetic Search STEM OPENQ from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic MCQ from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct; DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Offline Search MCQA HLE from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Offline Search MCQA GPQA from Qwen3-235B-A22B and DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	Qwen3-235B-A22B; DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Human Preference from QwQ-32B, Qwen3-30B-A3B, Qwen3-235B-A22B, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503, Mistral-Small-3.2-24B-Instruct-2506, MiniMax-M1-80k, MiniMax-M1-40k, Kimi-K2-Instruct, DeepSeek-V3-0324, DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	QwQ-32B; Qwen3-30B-A3B; Qwen3-235B-A22B; Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507; Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503; Mistral-Small-3.2-24B-Instruct-2506; MiniMax-M1-80k; MiniMax-M1-40k; Kimi-K2-Instruct; DeepSeek-V3-0324; DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic WildChat-1M and arena-human-preference-140k from DeepSeek-R1, gemma-2-2b-it, gemma-3-27b-it, gpt-oss-20b, gpt-oss-120b, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3, Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1, Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct, NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2, Phi-4-mini-instruct, Phi-3-small-8k-instruct, Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct, Qwen3-235B-A22B, QwQ-32B	Text	Undisclosed	WildChat-1M; arena-human-preference-140k	DeepSeek-R1; gemma-2-2b-it; gemma-3-27b-it; gpt-oss-20b; gpt-oss-120b; Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3; Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1; Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct; NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2; Phi-4-mini-instruct; Phi-3-small-8k-instruct; Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct; Qwen3-235B-A22B; QwQ-32B
Synthetic Code from Qwen3-32B	Text	Undisclosed	English Common Crawl; English Common Crawl 1.1	Qwen3-32B
Synthetic OpenCodeReasoning from DeepSeek-R1	Text	Undisclosed	OpenCodeReasoning	DeepSeek-R1
Synthetic OpenCodeReasoning from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	OpenCodeReasoning	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic HackerRank Coding from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	HackerRank Coding Dataset	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic LIMO from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	LIMO	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic SCP from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	SCP-116K	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Stack Exchange from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	Stack Exchange	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	Stack Exchange	gpt-oss-120b; Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
Synthetic Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	Stack Exchange	gpt-oss-120b
Synthetic Art of Problem Solving from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	Art of Problem Solving; American Mathematics Competitions 8; American Mathematics Competitions 10	gpt-oss-120b; Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
Synthetic Common Crawl from Qwen3-30B-A3B	Text	Undisclosed	Common Crawl	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Synthetic Wikipedia from Qwen3-30B-A3B	Text	Undisclosed	Wikimedia	Qwen3-30B-A3B
Synthetic Essential-Web from Qwen3-30B-A3B and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507	Text	Undisclosed	Essential-Web	Qwen3-30B-A3B; Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507
Synthetic Essential-Web from gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	Essential-Web	gpt-oss-120b
Synthetic Textbook Math from Qwen3-30B-A3B, Qwen3-235B-A22B, phi-4	Text	Undisclosed	Common Crawl; FineMath	Qwen3-30B-A3B; Qwen3-235B-A22B; phi-4
Synthetic Math and Code from DeepSeek-R1 and DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K; opc-sft-stage2; TACO; OpenCodeReasoning; OpenMathReasoning; NuminaMath CoT	DeepSeek-R1; DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Math from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	-	gpt-oss-120b; Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
Synthetic OpenMathReasoning from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	OpenMathReasoning	gpt-oss-120b; Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
Synthetic KernelBook from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	KernelBook	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic Scale HLE from gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	Scale HLE	gpt-oss-120b
Synthetic CDQuestions from gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	CDQuestions	gpt-oss-120b
Synthetic GPQA from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	Stack Exchange	gpt-oss-120b; Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct
Synthetic Vedantu from gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	Vedantu	gpt-oss-120b
Synthetic Search STEM MCQ from Qwen3-235B-A22B and DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	Qwen3-235B-A22B; DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic OpenSTEM from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct; DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic MCQ10 from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	-	DeepSeek-R1-0528
Synthetic MCQ4 from Qwen3-235B-A22B, DeepSeek-R1-0528, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507	Text	Undisclosed	-	Qwen3-235B-A22B; DeepSeek-R1-0528; Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507

NVIDIA-Sourced Synthetic Datasets (Post-Training)

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Dataset	Modality	Dataset Size	Seed Dataset	Model(s) used for generation
Synthetic Competitive MATH Proofs from DeepSeek-V4-Pro	Text	Undisclosed	[AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]	[deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro]
Synthetic Hermes Agent Reasoning Traces	Text	Undisclosed	[lambda/hermes-agent-reasoning-traces]	[hermes-agent-generator]
Synthetic Competitive Coding from DeepSeek-V4-Pro	Text	Undisclosed	[NVCompetitiveCodingV1]	[deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro]
Synthetic Competitive Science Reasoning from DeepSeek-V4-Pro	Text	Undisclosed	[AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [cdquestions.com]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Vedantu]; [askfilo]; [doubtnut]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]; [AAPT]; [ChemData 700K]; [oMeBench]; [Flavor Analysis and Recognition Transformer]; [ChemCoTBench]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]	[deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro]
Synthetic Competitive MATH CoT and TIR from Nemotron 5.5	Text	Undisclosed	[Pile-FreeLaw]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]	[Nemotron 5.5]
Vendor Terminal Bench-like Tasks from Mercor	Text	Undisclosed	[Terminal bench like tasks curated by the vendor]	[Undisclosed - purchased dataset]
Turing Math Data Pack	Text	Undisclosed	[Turing Math Data Pack dataset]	[Undisclosed - purchased dataset]
Synthetic Holdout, Skywork, DAPO, and Turing Math from GPT-5.5	Text	Undisclosed	[DocQA-RL-1.6K]; [DAPO-Math-17k]	[GPT-5.5]
Synthetic Long Context RL from QwenLong L1 and DocQA-RL-1.6K	Text	Undisclosed	[DocQA-RL-1.6K]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Competitive Coding Gym Tasks	Text	Undisclosed	[NVCompetitiveCodingV1.1]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Finance SEC Search Agent from GPT-OSS-120B and Qwen3	Text	Undisclosed	[SEC filings from sec.gov]	[GPT-OSS-120B]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct]; [Qwen3-4B-Instruct]
Synthetic Structured Outputs from Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507, Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507	Text	Undisclosed	[Nemotron-RL-agent-structured-outputs-v1]	[Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]
Synthetic Long Context Equivalence Rule from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 and DeepSeek-R1	Text	Undisclosed	[Long-context SFT data]	[Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [Deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1]
Synthetic Science RL Data Blend from Qwen2.5-32B	Text	Undisclosed	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[Qwen2.5-32B]
Synthetic Abstention Data from Nemotron Super v3	Text	Undisclosed	[Go abstention Dataset]	[nvidia/nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3]
Synthetic Chemistry Data from Nemotron Super v3	Text	Undisclosed	[ChemData 700K]	[nvidia/nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3]
Synthetic Tool Call Schema for RL	Text	469,983	[UltraTool]; [ToolEyes]; [AutoTools]; [API-Bank]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]; [Salesforce xLAM function-calling]; [Glaive function-calling-v2]; [Agent-Ark/Toucan-1.5M]	[DeepSeek-V3.2]; [GLM-4.6]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Kimi-K2-Instruct]
Synthetic Freeform Text Formatting from GPT-OSS-120B	Text	Undisclosed	[In-house data]	[GPT OSS 120B - Apache 2.0]
Synthetic Citation Formatting from GPT-OSS-120B	Text	Undisclosed	[In-house data]	[GPT OSS 120B - Apache 2.0]
Droid Harness Pivot Vendor Data	Text	Undisclosed	[Droid Harness Pivot vendor data]	Undisclosed
Synthetic HotpotQA Training Data from Qwen3-235B	Text	Undisclosed	[HotpotQA]	[Qwen3-235B]
Synthetic Natural Language Math Proofs from Nemotron 5.5	Text	Undisclosed	[AMC8, AMC10, and AIME problem sets hosted on Art of Problem Solving]; [Pile-StackExchange]	[Nemotron 5.5]
Synthetic Stack Overflow OpenQ	Text	Undisclosed	[Pile-FreeLaw]	Undisclosed
Chemistry Ether0 Vendor Data	Text	Undisclosed	[Chemistry ether0 vendor data]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Litmus-Bench Chemistry from ChEMBL	Text	Undisclosed	[ChEMBL]; [Nemo Gym RL dataset generated from ChEMBL with RDKit]	Undisclosed
Synthetic ZINC Chemistry from Nemotron Super v3	Text	Undisclosed	[ZINC]	[Nemotron Super v3]
ARC-AGI Gym Environment	Text	Undisclosed	[ARC-AGI-2]	[ARC-AGI-2]
Synthetic Agentic Search Tool-Use from DeepSeek-V3.2	Text	Undisclosed	[Mercor Data]	[DeepSeek-V3.2]
Synthetic Text-To-SQL	Text	96,564	[In-house Text-to-SQL data]	[gpt-oss-120b]
Dialog Memory Vendor Data	Text	Undisclosed	[Patronus external vendor agreement]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Indirect Prompt Injection from Nemotron Super v3 and Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	[In-house indirect prompt injection data]	[nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3, qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct]
Synthetic Malicious Code and Agentic Security	Text	Undisclosed	[In-house malicious-code / agentic-security data]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Single-Step SWE Patch Selection	Text	Undisclosed	[SWE-Gym Dataset]; [SWE Bench Verified Benchmark]	[ground truth and task checks]
Synthetic Natural Language Math Final Answers from Nemotron 5.5	Text	Undisclosed	[AMC8, AMC10, and AIME problem sets hosted on Art of Problem Solving]; [Pile-StackExchange]	[nemotron 5.5]
Synthetic Simple Math Prompts for Token Efficiency	Text	Undisclosed	[In-house simple math prompts]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Abstention Data from Nemotron Super v3 (CRAG)	Text	Undisclosed	[CRAG]	[nvidia/nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3]
Synthetic Agentless SWE	Text	242,536	[SWE-Rebench-V2]; [SWEbench Training Set]; [R2E-Gym/R2E-Gym-Subset]; [SWE-Gym/SWE-Gym]; [SWE-Rebench]	[openai/gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Agentless SWE from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	209,976	[SWE-Bench-Train]; [SWE-Fixer-Train]; [SWE-reBench]; [SWE-Smith]	[deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528]
Synthetic Agentic CUDA Traces from GLM-4.7	Text	2,276	[Internal CUDA task data]	[GLM-4.7]
Synthetic Math Proofs from DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale	Text	820,772	[Nemotron-Math-Proofs-v1]	[SDG: DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale]; [Filter: proof validation]
Synthetic Multilingual SFT from DeepSeek-V3	Text	1,245,284	[Nano v3 SFT data]	[DeepSeek-V3]
Synthetic Agentic Code from gpt-oss-120b	Text	109,086	[NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]	[openai/gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Agentic CLI and Web Skills from gpt-oss-120b	Text	27,418	[NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1]	[openai/gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Agentic Coding from gpt-oss-120b	Text	160,531	[NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1]	[openai/gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic OpenCode Agentic Tasks from gpt-oss-120b	Text	614,773	[NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1]	[openai/gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic SWE Unverified	Text	Undisclosed	[NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1]	[gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen/Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct]; [GLM-4.7-Flash]
Synthetic ARC-AGI Ultra Data	Text	192,016	[ARC-AGI-2]; [arc dataset collection]	[ARC-AGI-2]
Synthetic LiveCodeBench TIR from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	1,283,398	[Nemotron-X training datasets]	[DeepSeek-R1-0528]
Synthetic Verilog and SystemVerilog Code from DeepSeek-R1-0528 and GPT-OSS-120B	Text	1,233,247	[Verilog/SystemVerilog seed code]	[SDR: DeepSeek R1 0528 and GPT-OSS-120B]; [Filtering: Claude 4 Sonnet]
Synthetic Aider Python Tasks from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	236,099	[Exercism (GitHub Python)]	[Deepseek R1 0528]
Synthetic Chat Reasoning-Off Data from GLM-5	Text	646,738	[lmarena-ai/repochat-arena-preference-4k user prompts]	[Multi-turn conversations generated by GLM-5 with best-of-4 selection via Qwen3-Nemotron-235B-A22B-GenRM]
Synthetic Chat Reasoning-On Data from GLM-5	Text	644,286	[lmarena-ai/repochat-arena-preference-4k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-expert-5k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-55k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-100k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-140k user prompts]	[Multi-turn conversations generated by GLM-5 with best-of-4 selection via Qwen3-Nemotron-235B-A22B-GenRM]
Synthetic Multilingual Safety from Riva-Translate-4B-Instruct-v1.1	Text	132,067	[Safety SFT Data: Ultra]	[nvidia/Riva-Translate-4B-Instruct-v1.1]
Synthetic Science Reasoning Effort Medium	Text	502,722	[science-reasoning-effort-medium-v0]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Telecom Tool-Use Trajectories from gpt-oss-120b	Text	12,455	[Existing Tau2 telecom trajectories originally generated with DeepSeek V3.2]	[gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Terminal Bench Data from OpenReasoningv2	Text	Undisclosed	[OpenCodeReasoningv2]; [OpenMathReasoning]; [nemo-swe-bench-repos]; [SWE-Rebench]; [SWE-Fixer-110K]	[OpenReasoningv2]
Synthetic Tulu Instruction Following from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	105,361	[Nemotron-X training datasets]	[DeepSeek-R1-0528]
Synthetic Instruction Following from gpt-oss-120b	Text	151,988	[IFEval]; [IFEvalG]	[gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Instruction Following for RL	Text	Undisclosed	[WildChat-1M]; [LMSYS-340B-Eval Dataset]; [LMSYS-Chat-1M Prompts]; [IFEval]; [IFEvalG]	[Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]
Synthetic Identity Data from Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507	Text	25,992	[Hand-written prompts]	[Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]
Synthetic Terminus Ultra Agentic Reasoning Blend	Text	96,881	[ARC-AGI-2]; [OpenCodeReasoningv2]; [OpenMathReasoning]; [SWE-Fixer-110K]; [SWE-Rebench]; [SWE-Smith]	[DeepSeek-V3.2]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [Ring-1T]; [Kimi-K2.5]; [GLM-4.7-FP8]; [Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Ministral-3-14B-Reasoning-2512]; [LM-4.5-Air-FP8]
Synthetic STEM from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507	Text	1,174,694	[IChO-IPhO-RL-v2]; [Physics-Big Dataset]; Scale HLE; [OpenMathReasoning]; [OpenCodeReasoning]	[Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]
Synthetic STEM from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 and gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	[arXiv]; [National Institutes of Health ExPorter]; [BioRxiv]; [PMC Article]; [USPTO Backgrounds]; [peS2o]; Global Regulation; [CORE]; [PG-19]; [DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset]; [NDLTD]	[Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [gpt-oss-120b]
Translation Data from TAUS	Text	1,618,055	[TAUS proprietary dataset]	Undisclosed
Synthetic Art of Problem Solving and Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b, Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, and Goedel-Prover-V2-32B	Text	860,469	[Nemotron-Math-Proofs-v1]	[Goedel-Prover-V2-32B]
Synthetic Art of Problem Solving and Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b	Text	1,201,815	[Upstream released math dataset]; [AoPS]; [StackOverflow / StackExchange]	[gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Multilingual Science and Code data from DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, and Qwen3-235B-A22B, translated with Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	[Nano-V3 SFT Data (without tool call)]	[Qwen/Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct]; [Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Thinking-2507]
Synthetic Multilingual Science and Code data from DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, and Qwen3-235B-A22B, translated with Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct (Stack Exchange lineage)	Text	Undisclosed	[Stack Exchange]; [SCP-116K]; [LIMO]; [TACO]; Code Contest; Codeforces	[DeepSeek-R1]; [DeepSeek-R1-0528]; [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B]
Synthetic Search Graph Walk	Text	6,977	[Wikidata / Wikipedia KnowledgeBase]	[MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M2]
Synthetic Agentic Diverse Domains	Text	281,537	[Handwritten prompts (synthetic; no external seed data used)]	[SDG model: deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.2, deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507, Qwen/Qwen3-32B]; [Filtering model: openai/gpt-oss-120b, Qwen/Qwen3-32B, Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]
Synthetic Long Context from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507	Text	Undisclosed	[Long-context SFT seed blend (pre-training blend + nano-v1 post-training data)]; [Long-context SFT data: lc_nothink 256k, MRCR 200k, RULER 256k]; [AALCR seed blend: SEC Filings, CC, Wikipedia, FinePDFs, ArXiv, Pile-NIH ExPorter, BioRxiv, PMC Article, USPTO Backgrounds, peS2o, Global Regulations, CORE, Gutenberg (PG-19), DOAB CC-BY, NDLTD, Amps, StackExchange, MathPile, Numinas]	[Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1]; [Qwen3-30B-A3B]
Synthetic Nemotron Math SFT from DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale	Text	1,900,553	[Nemotron-Math-v2 (AOPS and StackExchange-math problems)]	[DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale]
Synthetic Nemotron Math TIR from DeepSeek-V3.2	Text	1,789,258	[Nemotron-Math-v2 (AOPS and StackExchange-math problems)]	[DeepSeek-V3.2]
Synthetic NemoCascade OCR Distillation from gpt-oss-120b	Text	682,864	[Nemotron-X training datasets]	[gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic CUDA 100k	Text	93,086	[KernelBook]; [HuggingFace Transformers]; [FlashInfer]	[gpt-oss-120b]; [DeepSeek-R1-0528]
Synthetic Science MCQ and QA Diversity from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	30,358	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Science HLE with Python from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	85,184	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Science Search and Python from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	6,179	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Science Search from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	32,554	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Finance Reasoning from GPT-OSS-120B and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507	Text	326,700	[SEC filings]	[GPT-OSS-120B, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]
Synthetic Science Diversity MCQ from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	532,942	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Science Diversity OpenQ from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	131,045	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Science Reasoning No-Tool from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2	Text	2,085,600	[doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]	[GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2]
Synthetic Text-To-SQL from gpt-oss-120b	Text	Undisclosed	[In-house Text-to-SQL data]	[gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Tool Call Schema for RL (extended)	Text	707,967	[UltraTool]; [ToolEyes]; [AutoTools]; [API-Bank]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]; [Salesforce xLAM function-calling]; [Glaive function-calling-v2]; [Agent-Ark/Toucan-1.5M]	[DeepSeek-V3.2]; [GLM-4.6]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Kimi-K2-Instruct]
Synthetic Safety from gemma-3-4b-it, Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2, and gpt-oss-120b	Text	44,091	[Safety SFT Data]	[google/gemma-3-4b-it]; [Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2]; [gpt-oss-120b]
Synthetic Safety from DeepSeek-R1-0528, gpt-oss-120b, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B, and Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1	Text	Undisclosed	[Nemotron Content Safety Dataset V2]; [Gretel Synthetic Safety Alignment Dataset]; [RedTeam-2K]; [Malicious Tasks]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]	[DeepSeek-R1-0528]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B]; [Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1]
Synthetic Tool Calling from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 and Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking	Text	Undisclosed	[ToolBench]; [glaive-function-calling-v2]; [APIGen Function-Calling]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]	[Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking]
Synthetic Chat from gpt-oss-120b, Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507	Text	Undisclosed	[C4]; [LMSYS-Chat-1M]; [ShareGPT]; [GSM8K]; [PRM800K]; [FinQA]; [WikiTableQuestions]; [Riddles]; [glaive-function-calling-v2]; [SciBench]; [tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k]; [OpenBookQA]; [Advanced Reasoning Benchmark]; Software Heritage; [Khan Academy Math Keywords]; [WildChat-1M]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]	[gpt-oss-120b]; [Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]
Synthetic Tool Use Interactive Agent from gpt-oss-120b, DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen3-32B, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507	Text	Undisclosed	NVIDIA Internal	[gpt-oss-120b]; [DeepSeek-R1-0528]; [Qwen3-32B]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]
Synthetic DocFinQA and SWE-smith from Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct and Kimi-K2-Thinking	Text	Undisclosed	[DocFinQA]; [SWE-smith]	[Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct]; [Kimi-K2-Thinking]
Synthetic SWE-Gym from Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	[SWE-Gym]	[Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct]
Synthetic SWE-Gym and R2E-Gym-Subset from Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct	Text	Undisclosed	[SWE-Gym]; [R2E-Gym-Subset]	[Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct]
Synthetic SWE-Gym and R2E-Gym-Subset from DeepSeek-R1-0528	Text	Undisclosed	[SWE-Gym]; [R2E-Gym-Subset]	[DeepSeek-R1-0528]
Synthetic HelpSteer, LMSYS-Chat-1M, and Nemotron-Personas-USA from gpt-oss-120b, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507	Text	Undisclosed	[HelpSteer2]; [HelpSteer3]; [LMSYS-Chat-1M]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]	[gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]
Synthetic Nemotron-Personas-USA from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen3-8B	Text	Undisclosed	[Nemotron-Personas-USA]	[gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen3-8B]
Vendor Terminal Bench-like Tasks (Droid)	Text	Undisclosed	[Droid Harness Pivot vendor data]	Undisclosed

Language Distribution in Post-Training

For our post-training recipe, we focused on the following languages in addition to English: French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and Chinese. Those languages were represented in the form of multilingual reasoning and translation tasks.

Testing Datasets:

Data Collection Method by dataset

Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Collected, Synthetic\nLabeling Method by dataset
Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Labeled, Synthetic\nProperties: This corpus comprises a mix of high-quality standard benchmarks and test suites for modern agentic AI. These benchmarks test model capabilities on tasks such as tool-calling and instruction following.

Evaluation Datasets:

Data Collection Method by dataset

Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Collected, Synthetic\nLabeling Method by dataset
Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Labeled, Synthetic\nProperties: This corpus comprises a mix of high-quality standard benchmarks and test suites for modern agentic AI. These benchmarks test model capabilities on tasks such as tool-calling and instruction following.

Inference

Acceleration Engine: PyTorch
Test Hardware:\n
- NVIDIA Hopper\n
  - 1-8x H100
  - 1-8x H200
  \n
- NVIDIA Blackwell\n
  - GB200
  - GeForce RTX 5090
  \n
\n

Ethical Considerations

NVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications. Developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse.

We advise against circumvention of any provided safety guardrails contained in the Model without a substantially similar guardrail appropriate for your use case. For more details, see the Safety and Security and Explainability tabs on this NGC model page.

For more detailed information on ethical considerations for this model, please see the Bias and Privacy tabs on this NGC model page.

Please report model quality, risk, security vulnerabilities or NVIDIA AI Concerns here.

Get Help

Getting started with the NIM

Deploying and integrating the NIM is straightforward thanks to our industry standard APIs. Visit the NVIDIA NIM documentation for release documentation, deployment guides and more.

NVIDIA Developer Community Forum

Get access to community knowledge base articles and support cases (https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/)

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\n\n## Model Summary\n\n| | |\n|:---|:---|\n| **Total Parameters** | 30B (3B active) |\n| **Architecture** | LatentMoE — Mamba-2 + MoE + Attention hybrid |\n| **Precision** | BF16 (full-precision reference weights) |\n| **Context Length** | Up to 1M tokens |\n| **Single-GPU Deployment** | 1× H100 80GB (or 1× A100 80GB); 1× RTX 5090 via llama.cpp (GGUF Q4_K_M) |\n| **Supported Hardware** | NVIDIA Blackwell (GB200, GeForce RTX 5090 via llama.cpp); NVIDIA Hopper (H100, H200); NVIDIA Ampere (A100) |\n| **Supported Languages** | English (and coding languages), Spanish, French, German, Italian, Japanese |\n| **Speculative Decoding** | DFlash for Low Concurrency Data Centre Deployments — [Read more below](#speculative-decoding-strategies) |\n| **Reasoning Mode** | Configurable on/off via chat template (`enable_thinking=True/False`)|\n| **Recommended Sampling** | Temperature 1.0, Top_P 0.95 |\n| **Best For** | Customization — post-training (SFT, RL, distillation), domain adaptation, building quantized variants, and research/evaluation at full precision |\n| **Looking to Deploy?** | For optimized inference, see [NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4) |\n| **License** | [OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMDW/OpenMDW/refs/heads/main/1.1/LICENSE.OpenMDW-1.1) |\n| **Release Date** | August 11, 2026 |\n\n## Model Overview\n\n**Model Developer:** NVIDIA Corporation\n\n**Model Dates:** December 2025 - May 2026\n\n**Data Freshness:**\n\n* The pre-training data has a cutoff date of September 2025.\n* The post-training data has a cutoff date of May 2026.\n\n### What is Nemotron?\n\nNVIDIA Nemotron™ is a family of open models with open weights, training data, and recipes, delivering leading efficiency and accuracy for building specialized AI agents.\n\n## Description\n\n**NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16** is a large language model (LLM) trained by NVIDIA. This is the full-precision (BF16) release of Nemotron 3.5 Lightning — the reference weights of the model, intended primarily as the starting point for customization: post-training (SFT, RL, distillation), domain adaptation, and producing your own quantized or GGUF variants. For latency- and throughput-optimized inference, use the [NVFP4 release](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4) instead.\n\nThe model employs a hybrid **Latent Mixture-of-Experts (LatentMoE)** architecture, utilizing interleaved Mamba-2 and MoE layers, along with select Attention layers. The Lightning 3.5 model is released alongside a number of speculative decoding methods for faster text generation. The model has **3B active parameters** and **30B parameters in total**.\n\nThis model is ready for commercial use.\n\n## Quick Start\n\n> *For running Nemotron 3.5 Lightning fast — with NVFP4 quantization, W4A16 for broad hardware coverage, and the DSpark recipe for DGX Spark — please see: [NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4)*\n\nTo get quickly started on a single H100 you can use the following command.\n\nGrab the model:\n\n```shell\nexport MODEL_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16\nexport DFLASH_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4-DFlash\n```\n \nRun it with vLLM — this recipe uses DFlash speculative decoding for low-concurrency serving. (Nightly: `vllm/vllm-openai:nightly-821717118fc26667dd474b9b0ab81d29259dfc5c`)\n \n```shell\nVLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n --trust-remote-code \\\n --max-num-seqs 512 \\\n --max-model-len 1048576 \\\n --max-num-batched-tokens 8192 \\\n --enable-prefix-caching \\\n --async-scheduling \\\n --speculative_config.method dflash \\\n --speculative_config.model $DFLASH_CKPT \\\n --speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens 3 \\\n --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n --mamba-ssm-cache-dtype float16 \\\n --enable-mamba-cache-stochastic-rounding \\\n --mamba-cache-philox-rounds 5\n```\n\nFor more details on how to deploy and use the model — see the [Quick Start Guide](#quick-start-guide) below!\n\n## License/Terms of Use\n\n**Governing Download Terms:** Use of this model is governed by the [OpenMDW-1.1 model license](https://openmdw.ai/license/1-1/).\n\n\n\n## Benchmarks\n\nWe evaluated our model on the following benchmarks:\n\n| Task | Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 | Qwen 3.6 35B A3B* | Gemma 4 26B A4B* | Nemotron 3 Nano* | Nemotron 3 Super* | GPT-OSS 20B* |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| **General Knowledge** | | | | | | |\n| MMLU Pro | 81.94 | **85.63** | 85.20 | 78.46 | 83.89 | 76.40 |\n| AA-Omniscience | 17.50 | 19.47 | 22.17 | 20.15 | **26.68** | 16.62 |\n| **Reasoning** | | | | | | |\n| GPQA Diamond (no tools) | 76.89 | **83.40** | 79.61 | 74.05 | 78.60 | 71.46 |\n| HLE (text-only, no tools) | 11.72 | 19.56 | 17.42 | 10.89 | **20.30** | 13.76 |\n| SciCode | 32.60 | 35.33 | **40.28** | 30.08 | 35.11 | 38.63 |\n| **Coding & Agentic** | | | | | | |\n| SWE-bench Verified | 51.56 | **70.12** | 57.40 | 34.08 | 63.08 | 52.44 |\n| SWE-bench Multilingual | 39.33 | **63.40** | 43.40 | 14.07 | 49.80 | 41.93 |\n| Terminal-Bench 2.1 | 24.58 | **44.38** | 37.22 | 8.29 | 39.61 | 15.17 |\n| PinchBench | 85.37 | **88.07** | 74.70 | 66.11 | 80.36 | 57.20 |\n| BrowseComp | 36.97 | **48.74** | 26.30 | 13.74 | 22.77 | – |\n| τ³-bench (Banking) | 9.28 | 10.52 | **14.02** | 7.01 | 12.37 | – |\n| GDPval-AA-V2 | 832 | **1015** | 807 | 473 | 746 | – |\n| **Instruction Following** | | | | | | |\n| IFBench (loose) | 71.88 | 63.71 | **77.25** | 72.17 | 71.92 | 68.50 |\n| **Long Context** | | | | | | |\n| AA-LCR | 52.00 | **61.06** | 57.56 | 32.75 | 58.44 | 32.88 |\n\n#### Agentic Coding Benchmarks\n\nAdditional harness-level coding-agent results for SWE-Bench Verified and Terminal-Bench 2.1 are summarized in the benchmark table above.\n\n### Deployment Geography: Global\n\n### Use Case\n\nNVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is the full-precision release of a general purpose reasoning and chat model, and is intended primarily for **customization and post-training** rather than direct production inference. It is intended to be used by developers who want to: post-train the model on their own data (SFT, RL via [NeMo RL](https://github.com/NVIDIA-NeMo/RL) and [NeMo Gym](https://github.com/NVIDIA-NeMo/Gym), or distillation), adapt it to a domain or task, produce quantized variants (NVFP4, W4A16, GGUF) for their own deployment targets, or run full-precision research and evaluation. English and coding languages are the primary languages, with Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Japanese also supported.\n\nFor developers who want to *deploy* Lightning 3.5 directly — in AI agent systems, chatbots, RAG systems, and instruction-following applications — the [NVFP4 release](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4) is the recommended path, with optimized recipes for data centre and DGX Spark deployments.\n\n### Release Date\n\nHugging Face — 08/11/2026\n\n## Model Architecture\n\n- **Architecture Type:** Mixture-of-Experts Hybrid (Mamba + Transformer)\n- **Network Architecture:** Nemotron-3-Lightning + Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)\n- **Number of model parameters:** 30B Total / 3B Active\n\n## Model Design\n\nThe model was pre-trained with over 20T tokens and supports up to 1M context length. The pre-training phase used an NVFP4 recipe. It utilizes the **LatentMoE** architecture, where tokens are projected into a smaller latent dimension for expert routing and computation, improving accuracy per byte. The model includes **Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)** layers, which predict multiple future tokens to provide richer training signals.\n\n## Training Methodology\n\nStage 1: Pre-Training\n\n* NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 model was pre-trained using an NVFP4 recipe with crawled and synthetic code, math, science, and general knowledge data.\n* Software used for pre-training: [Megatron-LM](https://github.com/NVIDIA/Megatron-LM)\n\nStage 2: Continued Pre-Training for Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)\n\n* The model underwent a continued pre-training phase to train its **Multi-Token Prediction (MTP)** layers. In this stage, MTP heads learn to predict multiple future tokens, providing richer training signals to the base model. This phase aligns the MTP layers with the base model's distribution.\n\nStage 3: Supervised Fine-Tuning\n\n* The model was further fine-tuned on synthetic code, math, science, tool calling, instruction following, structured outputs, and general knowledge data. This stage incorporated data designed to support long-range retrieval and multi-document aggregation.\n\nStage 4: Reinforcement Learning\n\n* The model underwent multi-environment reinforcement learning using GRPO (Group Relative Policy Optimization) across math, code, science, instruction following, multi-step tool use, multi-turn conversations, and structured output environments. It utilized an asynchronous RL architecture that decouples training from inference and leverages MTP to accelerate rollout generation.\n* Software used for reinforcement learning: [NeMo RL](https://github.com/NVIDIA-NeMo/RL), [NeMo Gym](https://github.com/NVIDIA-NeMo/Gym)\n\nNVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is a result of the above work.\n\n## Input\n\n- **Input Type(s):** Text\n- **Input Format(s):** String\n- **Input Parameters:** One-Dimensional (1D): Sequences\n- **Other Properties Related to Input:** Maximum context length up to 1M tokens. Supported languages include English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Japanese.\n\n## Output\n\n- **Output Type(s):** Text\n- **Output Format:** String\n- **Output Parameters:** One-Dimensional (1D): Sequences\n- **Other Properties Related to Output:** Maximum context length up to 1M tokens\n\nOur AI models are designed and/or optimized to run on NVIDIA GPU-accelerated systems. By leveraging NVIDIA's hardware (e.g. GPU cores) and software frameworks (e.g., CUDA libraries), the model achieves faster training and inference times compared to CPU-only solutions.\n\n## Software Integration\n\n- **Runtime Engine(s):** PyTorch; llama.cpp (GGUF)\n- **Supported Hardware Microarchitecture Compatibility:** NVIDIA Ampere - A100; NVIDIA Blackwell; NVIDIA Hopper - H100-80GB\n- **Preferred/Supported Operating System(s):** Linux\n\nThe integration of foundation and fine-tuned models into AI systems requires additional testing using use-case-specific data to ensure safe and effective deployment. Following the V-model methodology, iterative testing and validation at both unit and system levels are essential to mitigate risks, meet technical and functional requirements, and ensure compliance with safety and ethical standards before deployment.\n\n## Model Version(s)\n\n* GA (08/11/2026)\n\n## **Quick Start Guide**\n\nAll deployment snippets below assume:\n\n```shell\nexport MODEL_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16\n```\n\nAnd for DFlash:\n\n```shell\nexport DFLASH_CKPT=nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4-DFlash\n```\n\n> The BF16 recipes below cover vLLM and llama.cpp. For TensorRT-LLM, SGLang, W4A16 (Blackwell / Hopper / Ampere from a single checkpoint), and DGX Spark (DSpark) recipes, see the [NVFP4 card](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4).\n\n### **Speculative Decoding Strategies**\n\nLightning 3.5 ships with external draft models for speculative decoding — pick the strategy that matches your deployment, or serve without speculative decoding for maximum-throughput batch workloads:\n\n* **DFlash:** An external draft-model checkpoint tuned for **low concurrency data centre deployments**, minimizing per-request latency when batch sizes are small. \n* **DSpark:** A draft-model configuration tuned specifically for **DGX Spark (GB10) workflows**. The DSpark recipe pairs with the NVFP4 (W4A16) checkpoint — see the [NVFP4 card](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4) for the launch command.\n\nThe model's built-in Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) layers are used during training only; MTP-based serving is not recommended, and no MTP deployment configurations are provided.\n\n| Strategy | Best for | Tested on |\n|:---|:---|:---|\n| **None** | Maximum-throughput, high-concurrency batch serving | 1× H100, 8× H100 (vLLM) |\n| **DFlash** | Latency-sensitive, low-concurrency serving | 1× H100, 1× GB200 (vLLM); 1× RTX 5090 (llama.cpp) |\n| **DSpark** | Interactive / local DGX Spark workflows | NVFP4 (W4A16) — see the [NVFP4 card](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-NVFP4) |\n\nThe snippets in each backend section below show how to launch with the corresponding strategy.\n\n\n### **vLLM**\n \n* Nightly container: `vllm/vllm-openai:nightly-821717118fc26667dd474b9b0ab81d29259dfc5c`\n> All vLLM snippets below serve on the default port `8000`, matching the [API Client](#api-client) examples.\n \n#### **1x H100**\n \nFor high concurrency deployments, use the following:\n \n```shell\nVLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n --max-num-seqs 512 \\\n --trust-remote-code \\\n --max-model-len 262144 \\\n --max-num-batched-tokens 16384 \\\n --enable-prefix-caching \\\n --async-scheduling \\\n --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n --mamba-ssm-cache-dtype float16 \\\n --enable-mamba-cache-stochastic-rounding \\\n --mamba-cache-philox-rounds 5 \\\n --mamba-cache-mode align\n```\n \nFor low-concurrency deployments, you can use this following command, leveraging DFlash:\n \n```shell\nVLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n --trust-remote-code \\\n --max-num-seqs 512 \\\n --max-model-len 262144 \\\n --max-num-batched-tokens 8192 \\\n --enable-prefix-caching \\\n --async-scheduling \\\n --speculative_config.method dflash \\\n --speculative_config.model $DFLASH_CKPT \\\n --speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens 3 \\\n --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n --mamba-ssm-cache-dtype float16 \\\n --enable-mamba-cache-stochastic-rounding \\\n --mamba-cache-philox-rounds 5\n```\n \n#### **8x H100**\n \nFor long-context, multi-GPU serving (TP8 with expert parallelism):\n \n```shell\nVLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n --moe-backend flashinfer_cutlass \\\n --trust-remote-code \\\n --max-num-batched-tokens 4096 \\\n --mamba-backend flashinfer \\\n --enable-prefix-caching \\\n --mamba-cache-mode align \\\n --max-model-len 1048576 \\\n --enable-expert-parallel \\\n --tensor-parallel-size 8\n```\n \n#### **1x GB200**\n \n**Specdec method - DFlash:**\n \n```shell\nVLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1 VLLM_USE_FASTOKENS=1 vllm serve --model $MODEL_CKPT \\\n --served-model-name nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 \\\n --max-num-seqs 64 \\\n --max-model-len 1048576 \\\n --max-num-batched-tokens 10240 \\\n --no-enable-prefix-caching \\\n --async-scheduling \\\n --speculative_config.method dflash \\\n --speculative_config.model $DFLASH_CKPT \\\n --speculative_config.num_speculative_tokens 5 \\\n --mamba-backend flashinfer\n```\n\n* **Context Length:** The snippets above serve the model's full 1M-token context window by default. If you're memory-constrained — or want more KV-cache headroom at high concurrency — lower `--max-model-len` to match your workload and drop `VLLM_ALLOW_LONG_MAX_MODEL_LEN=1`. \n\n### **Llama.cpp**\n \nRun Lightning 3.5 locally on consumer GPUs. The walkthrough below builds llama.cpp with DFlash support, converts the target and draft models to GGUF (with optional quantization), and serves an OpenAI-compatible endpoint on a single RTX 5090 — including a speed-bench harness to verify throughput.\n \n

1x RTX 5090 — DFlash: Click to expand!

\nIt is assumed you possess the BF16 target model directory and BF16 draft model directory.\n \n> The server examples below use `$PORT` — set `$PORT = 8000` to align with the [API Client](#api-client) examples.\n \nFirst, clone the llama.cpp repo:\n \n```shell\ngit clone https://gitlab-master.nvidia.com/winai/llama.cpp.git -b lnigam/dflash-recurrent-rollback # TODO: replace with public repo/branch before publish (checklist 8)\n```\n \nBuild the repo:\n \n```powershell\ncd $LLAMA_CPP\n \ncmake -S . -B build-cuda -G Ninja `\n -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `\n -DGGML_CUDA=ON\n \ncmake --build build-cuda --config Release -j 18\n```\n \nConvert the models to `.gguf` format if not done already:\n \n```powershell\n# for target model\n$PYTHON convert_hf_to_gguf.py $TARGET_HF `\n --outtype bf16 `\n --outfile \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-lightning-target-bf16.gguf\"\n \n# for draft model. Note that it requires the corresponding target model as an\n# additional argument.\n$PYTHON convert_hf_to_gguf.py $DFLASH_HF `\n --target-model-dir $TARGET_HF `\n --outtype bf16 `\n --outfile \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-dflash-bf16.gguf\"\n \n# one can also take NVFP4 models from HF and directly convert them into GGUF\n# using the following command\n$PYTHON convert_hf_to_gguf.py $MODEL_PATH `\n --fp8-as-q8 `\n --outfile model.gguf\n```\n \nIf required, you can also quantize the BF16 model:\n \n```powershell\n\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-quantize.exe\" `\n \"to\\bf16\\model.gguf\" `\n \"to\\quantized\\model.gguf\" `\n Q4_K_M\n \n\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-quantize.exe\" `\n \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-dflash-bf16.gguf\" `\n \"$OUT\\nemotron-3.5-dflash-Q4_K_M.gguf\" `\n Q4_K_M\n```\n \nFor a target-only run:\n \n```powershell\n\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-server.exe\" `\n -m \"to\\target\\model.gguf\" `\n --temp 0 -s 421 --top-k 1 `\n -np 1 `\n -c 40960 `\n --port $PORT `\n -ngl 99 `\n -fa on `\n --jinja `\n --no-webui `\n --fit off\n```\n \nFor a run with DFlash:\n \n```powershell\n\"$LLAMA_CPP\\build-cuda\\bin\\llama-server.exe\" `\n -m \"to\\target\\model.gguf\" `\n -md \"to\\draft\\model.gguf\" `\n --spec-type draft-dflash `\n --spec-draft-n-max 7 `\n --temp 0 -s 421 --top-k 1 `\n -np 1 `\n -c 40960 `\n --port $PORT `\n -ngl 99 `\n -fa on `\n --jinja `\n --no-webui `\n --fit off\n```\n \nYou can vary the amount of draft tokens generated at once by changing the `--spec-draft-n-max` flag.\n \nOnce you've got a server started up (it won't take long with llama.cpp), open another terminal to query it with the following:\n \n```powershell\n# run this once\npip install -r \"$LLAMA_CPP\\tools\\server\\bench\\speed-bench\\requirements.txt\"\n \n# do a hf login, if the following command doesn't work.\n$PYTHON \"$LLAMA_CPP\\tools\\server\\bench\\speed-bench\\speed_bench.py\" `\n --url http://127.0.0.1:$PORT `\n --bench qualitative `\n --category all `\n --osl 128 `\n --concurrency 1 `\n --output \"$OUT\\result.json\"\n```\n \n

\n\n### **API Client**\n\nThe examples below use the OpenAI-compatible client and work with either serving backend above. Both backends serve on port `8000` (vLLM by default; llama.cpp via `$PORT=8000`), so the `base_url` works as-is. Recommended sampling settings are **Temperature 1.0** and **Top_P 0.95**.\n\nThe vLLM snippets above register the model as `nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16` via `--served-model-name`. For llama.cpp — or if you change that flag — copy the identifier returned by `GET /v1/models` into `MODEL` below.\n\n```python\nfrom openai import OpenAI\nclient = OpenAI(base_url=\"http://localhost:8000/v1\", api_key=\"EMPTY\")\nMODEL = \"nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16\"\n```\n\nLightning 3.5 exposes reasoning control through chat-template kwargs: thinking enabled (the default), thinking disabled for direct answers, and a runtime thinking budget.\n\n

Reasoning ON / OFF and streaming examples: Click to expand!

\n\n**Reasoning ON (default)**\n\n```python\nresponse = client.chat.completions.create(\n model=MODEL,\n messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"Write a haiku about GPUs\"}],\n max_tokens=16000,\n temperature=1.0,\n top_p=0.95,\n extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"enable_thinking\": True}}\n)\nprint(response.choices[0].message.content)\n```\n\n**Reasoning OFF**\n\n```python\nresponse = client.chat.completions.create(\n model=MODEL,\n messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"What is the capital of Japan?\"}],\n max_tokens=16000,\n temperature=1.0,\n top_p=0.95,\n extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"enable_thinking\": False}}\n)\nprint(response.choices[0].message.content)\n```\n\n**Streaming**\n\n```python\nstream = client.chat.completions.create(\n model=MODEL,\n messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"Explain speculative decoding in two sentences\"}],\n max_tokens=16000,\n temperature=1.0,\n top_p=0.95,\n stream=True,\n)\nfor chunk in stream:\n print(chunk.choices[0].delta.content or \"\", end=\"\", flush=True)\n```\n\n

\n\n#### **Tool Calling**\n\nFor vLLM, add the following to any serve command above:\n\n```shell\n --enable-auto-tool-choice \\\n --tool-call-parser qwen3_coder \\\n --reasoning-parser nemotron_v3\n```\n\n**NOTE:** For coding agents, add `extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"force_nonempty_content\": True}}` to the API call, as shown below.\n\n```python\ntools = [{\n \"type\": \"function\",\n \"function\": {\n \"name\": \"get_weather\",\n \"description\": \"Get the current weather for a city\",\n \"parameters\": {\n \"type\": \"object\",\n \"properties\": {\"city\": {\"type\": \"string\"}},\n \"required\": [\"city\"],\n },\n },\n}]\n\nresponse = client.chat.completions.create(\n model=MODEL,\n messages=[{\"role\": \"user\", \"content\": \"What's the weather in Santa Clara?\"}],\n tools=tools,\n max_tokens=16000,\n temperature=1.0,\n top_p=0.95,\n extra_body={\"chat_template_kwargs\": {\"force_nonempty_content\": True}},\n)\nprint(response.choices[0].message.tool_calls)\n```\n\n## Training, Testing, and Evaluation Datasets\n\n# Training\n\n**Data Modality:** Text\n**Training Data Size:** More than 20 Trillion Tokens\n**Dataset partition:** *Training [100%], testing [0%], validation [0%]*\n**Time period for training data collection:** 2013 to December 2025\n**Time period for testing data collection:** 2013 to December 2025\n**Time period for validation data collection:** 2013 to December 2025\n**Data Collection Method by dataset:** Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Collected, Synthetic\n**Labeling Method by dataset:** Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Labeled, Synthetic\n\nNVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 is pre-trained on a large corpus of high-quality curated and synthetically-generated data. It is trained in the English language, as well as 19 other spoken languages and 43 programming languages. Our sources cover a variety of document types such as: webpages, dialogue, articles, and other written materials. The corpus spans domains including legal, math, science, finance, and more. We also include a small portion of question-answering, and alignment style data to improve model accuracy. The model was pre-trained for more than 20 trillion tokens.\n\nThe post-training corpus for NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16 consists of high-quality curated and synthetically-generated data. Primary languages used for post-training include English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and Chinese.\n\nThese datasets, such as FinePDFs, EssentialWeb, HotpotQA, SQuAD, and HelpSteer3, do not collectively or exhaustively represent all demographic groups (and proportionally therein). For instance, these datasets do not contain explicit mentions of demographic classes such as age, gender, or ethnicity in 64-99% of samples, depending on the source. In the subset where such terms are present, document-based datasets (FinePDFs and EssentialWeb) contain representational skews, such as references to \"male\" outnumbering those to \"female\", and mentions of \"White\" as the most frequent among ethnic identifiers (comprising 43-44% of ethnicity mentions). To mitigate these imbalances, we recommend considering evaluation techniques such as bias audits, fine-tuning with demographically balanced datasets, and mitigation strategies like counterfactual data augmentation to align with the desired model behavior. This evaluation used a 3,000-sample subset per dataset, identified as the optimal threshold for maximizing embedder accuracy.\n\nDuring post-training, we generate synthetic data by distilling trajectories, solutions, and translations from strong teacher models and agent systems, often grounded in real tasks or documents and aggressively filtered for quality. For math, code, and science, we start from curated problem sets and use open source permissive models such as GPT-OSS-120B to produce step-by-step reasoning traces, candidate solutions, best-of-n selection traces, and verified CUDA kernels. For long-context and science, we build synthetic QA and reasoning data by retrieving passages from long documents, generating MCQ/OpenQA questions and answers, and paraphrasing them into multiple prompt/response formats to ensure diversity. Across all pipelines we stack automated verification—compilers, numerical checks, language identification—to ensure our data is high quality.\n\nFor all domains, we apply a unified data filtering pipeline to ensure that only high-quality, license-compliant, and verifiable samples are used for post-training. We first discard malformed examples using structural checks (e.g., missing tool definitions when tool calls are present). We then aggressively filter reasoning traces exhibiting pathological repetition, such as repeated n-grams within a sliding window or across the entire trajectory, which we found to be a strong indicator of malformed or low-quality reasoning. Finally, based on internal audits of synthetically generated datasets, we observed that some teacher models occasionally produce reasoning traces and final responses that implicitly align with specific political entities or promote nationalistic narratives. To mitigate this, we apply targeted keyword- and regex-based filters and remove all trajectories matching such behavior.\n\nAlongside the model, we release our final pre-training and post-training data, as outlined in this section. For ease of analysis, there is a sample set that is ungated. For all remaining code, math and multilingual data, gating and approval is required, and the dataset is permissively licensed for model training purposes.\n\n

For Detailed Dataset Information: Click here!

\n\n#### **Base Pre-Training Corpus (Nemotron 3 Foundation)**\n\nThe foundation of the model is trained on the Nemotron 3 corpus, comprising the following datasets from the [Nemotron Pretraining Datasets collection](https://huggingface.co/collections/nvidia/nemotron-pre-training-datasets):\n\n| Dataset Collection | Token Counts | Description |\n| :--- | :--- | :--- |\n| **Nemotron-CC-v2** & **v2.1** | 9.1T | A massive collection of English web data filtered from Common Crawl, including 2.5T+ tokens of new organic, translated, and synthetically rephrased content. |\n| **Nemotron-CC-Code-v1** | 427.9B | High-quality code tokens extracted from Common Crawl using the Lynx + LLM pipeline to preserve structure and equations. |\n| **Nemotron-Pretraining-Code-v1** & **v2** & **v3** | 1.7T | Curated GitHub code references with multi-stage filtering, deduplication, and large-scale synthetic code data. |\n| **Nemotron-CC-Math-v1** | 133.3B | High-quality math pre-training dataset preserving LaTeX formatting and mathematical structures. |\n| **Nemotron-Pretraining-Specialized-v1** & **v1.1** & **v1.2** & **Nemotron-Pretraining-SFT-v1** | 660.0B | Synthetic datasets targeting specialized domains such as STEM reasoning and scientific coding. |\n| **Nemotron-Pretraining-Legal-v1** | 4.3B | Synthetic datasets targeting the legal domain. |\n\n### Public Datasets\n\n| Dataset | Collection Period |\n| :---- | :---- |\n| [GSM8K](https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [CC-NEWS](https://commoncrawl.org/blog/news-dataset-available) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [Wikimedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [Bespoke-Stratos-17k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bespokelabs/Bespoke-Stratos-17k) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [glaive-function-calling-v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/glaiveai/glaive-function-calling-v2) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [APIGen Function-Calling](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Salesforce/xlam-function-calling-60k) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [LMSYS-Chat-1M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmsys/lmsys-chat-1m) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [Open Textbook Library - CC BY-SA & GNU subset](https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/) and [OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset](https://openstax.org/) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [Advanced Reasoning Benchmark](https://github.com/TheDuckAI/arb), [tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/TigerResearch/tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k), [PRM800K](https://github.com/openai/prm800k), and [SciBench](https://github.com/mandyyyyii/scibench) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [FineWeb-2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2) | 4/23/2025 |\n| [Court Listener](https://www.courtlistener.com/help/api/bulk-data/) | Legacy Download |\n| [peS2o](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/peS2o) | Legacy Download |\n| [OpenWebMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-web-math/open-web-math) | Legacy Download |\n| [BioRxiv](https://www.biorxiv.org/tdm) | Legacy Download |\n| [PMC Open Access Subset](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/openftlist/) | Legacy Download |\n| [OpenWebText2](https://openwebtext2.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) | Legacy Download |\n| [Stack Exchange Data Dump](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange) | Legacy Download |\n| [PubMed Abstracts](https://github.com/thoppe/The-Pile-PubMed) | Legacy Download |\n| [NIH ExPorter](https://reporter.nih.gov/exporter) | Legacy Download |\n| [arXiv](https://info.arxiv.org/help/bulk_data/index.html) | Legacy Download |\n| [BigScience Workshop Datasets](https://github.com/bigscience-workshop/bigscience/tree/master/train/tr11-176B-ml#datasets) | Legacy Download |\n| [Reddit Dataset](https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/7347) | Legacy Download |\n| [SEC's Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval (EDGAR)](https://www.sec.gov/search-filings) | Legacy Download |\n| [Advanced Mathematical Problem Solving](https://github.com/hendrycks/math?tab=readme-ov-file) | Legacy Download |\n| [MathPile](https://github.com/GAIR-NLP/MathPile/) | Legacy Download |\n| [NuminaMath CoT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT) | Legacy Download |\n| [PMC Article](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/textmining/) | Legacy Download |\n| [FLAN](https://github.com/google-research/FLAN) | Legacy Download |\n| [Advanced Reasoning Benchmark](https://github.com/TheDuckAI/arb) | Legacy Download |\n| [SciBench](https://github.com/mandyyyyii/scibench) | Legacy Download |\n| [WikiTableQuestions](https://huggingface.co/datasets/stanfordnlp/wikitablequestions) | Legacy Download |\n| [FinQA](https://finqasite.github.io/) | Legacy Download |\n| [Riddles](https://github.com/crawsome/riddles) | Legacy Download |\n| [Problems in Elementary Mathematics for Home Study](https://archive.org/details/AntonovVygodskyNikitinSankinProblemsInElementaryMathematicsForHomeStudyMir1982) | Legacy Download |\n| [MedMCQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openlifescienceai/medmcqa) | Legacy Download |\n| [Cosmos QA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/cosmos_qa) | Legacy Download |\n| [MCTest](https://huggingface.co/datasets/sagnikrayc/mctest) | Legacy Download |\n| [AI2's Reasoning Challenge](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/ai2_arc) | Legacy Download |\n| [OpenBookQA](https://github.com/allenai/OpenBookQA) | Legacy Download |\n| [MMLU Auxiliary Train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cais/mmlu/viewer/all/auxiliary_train) | Legacy Download |\n| [social-chemestry-101](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tasksource/social-chemestry-101) | Legacy Download |\n| [Moral Stories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/demelin/moral_stories) | Legacy Download |\n| [The Common Pile v0.1](https://huggingface.co/common-pile) | Legacy Download |\n| [FineMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceTB/finemath) | Legacy Download |\n| [MegaMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/LLM360/MegaMath) | Legacy Download |\n| [MultiverseMathHard](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Nexusflow/MultiverseMathHard) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [SWE-Gym](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SWE-Gym/SWE-Gym) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [WorkBench](https://github.com/olly-styles/WorkBench/tree/main/data/raw) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [WildChat-1M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/WildChat-1M) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [OpenCodeReasoning-2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenCodeReasoning-2) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [HelpSteer3](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/HelpSteer3) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [opc-sft-stage2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenCoder-LLM/opc-sft-stage2) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [Big-Math-RL-Verified](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SynthLabsAI/Big-Math-RL-Verified) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [MetaMathQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/meta-math/MetaMathQA) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [simple-arithmetic-problems](https://huggingface.co/datasets/garrethlee/simple-arithmetic-problems) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [arithmetic](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EleutherAI/arithmetic) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [Skywork-OR1-RL-Data](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Skywork/Skywork-OR1-RL-Data) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [FastChat](https://github.com/lm-sys/FastChat) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [News Commentary](https://opus.nlpl.eu/datasets/News-Commentary) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [Essential-Web](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [finepdfs](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/finepdfs) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [HotpotQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/hotpotqa/hotpot_qa) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [SQuAD2.0](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) | 10/2/2025 |\n| [NLTK Words Lists](https://www.nltk.org/nltk_data/) | 10/2/2025 |\n\n### **Crawled and Scraped from Online Sources by NVIDIA**\n\nThe English Common Crawl data was downloaded from the Common Crawl Foundation (see their FAQ for details on their crawling) and includes the snapshots CC-MAIN-2013-20 through CC-MAIN-2025-13. The data was subsequently deduplicated and filtered in various ways described in the Nemotron-CC paper. Additionally, we extracted data for fifteen languages from the following three Common Crawl snapshots: CC-MAIN-2024-51, CC-MAIN-2025-08, CC-MAIN-2025-18. The fifteen languages included were Arabic, Chinese, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, and Thai. As we did not have reliable multilingual model-based quality classifiers available, we applied just heuristic filtering instead—similar to what we did for lower quality English data in the Nemotron-CC pipeline, but selectively removing some filters for some languages that did not work well. Deduplication was done in the same way as for Nemotron-CC.\n\nThe GitHub Crawl was collected using the GitHub REST API and the Amazon S3 API. Each crawl was operated in accordance with the rate limits set by its respective source, either GitHub or S3. We collect raw source code and subsequently remove any having a license which does not exist in our permissive-license set.\n\n| Dataset | Modality | Dataset Size | Collection Period | Collecting Organisation |\n| :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- |\n| English Common Crawl | Text | 3.36T | 4/8/2025 | NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research |\n| English Common Crawl 1.1 | Text | Not disclosed | 10/2/2025 | NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research |\n| Multilingual Common Crawl | Text | 812.7B | 5/1/2025 | NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research |\n| GitHub Crawl | Text | 747.4B | 4/29/2025 | NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research |\n| GitHub Crawl 1.1 | Text | 172.7B | 9/30/2025 | NVIDIA Advanced Deep Learning Research |\n\n## Private Non-publicly Accessible Datasets of Third Parties\n\n| Dataset | Model(s) used |\n|---------|---------------|\n| Global Regulation | Unknown |\n| TAUS Translation Memory | Unknown |\n| Scale HLE | Unknown |\n| HackerRank Coding | Unknown |\n| RL data for Search | Gemini 3; GPT-5 |\n\n## Private Non-publicly Accessible Datasets by NVIDIA\n\n| Dataset | Model(s) used |\n|---------|---------------|\n| Simple Minesweeper | Undisclosed |\n| Simple Sudoku | Undisclosed |\n| Multitool Typewriter Hard | Undisclosed |\n| Machine Translation of News Commentary and TAUS Translation Memory | Undisclosed |\n| Machine Translation of STEM - | [Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct) |\n| Competitive Coding RL data from Nemotron Cascade | Undisclosed |\n| Long context RL | Undisclosed |\n| Single-step SWE RL for patch generation | Undisclosed |\n| OpenHands SWE | Undisclosed |\n\n## NVIDIA-Sourced Synthetic Datasets (Pre-Training)\n\n| Dataset | Modality | Dataset Size | Seed Dataset | Model(s) used for generation |\n| :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Fact-Seeking | Text | 35.0B | [FineWiki](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/finewiki) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507) |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Legal | Text | 4.3B | CommonPile (caselaw_access_project_filtered); California Code of Regulations; Judicial Ethics Opinions; [GLOBALCIT](https://globalcit.eu/); [CUAD](https://www.atticusprojectai.org/cuad); Nemotron Personas; [ToSDR Terms of Service Corpus](https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sonu1607/tosdr-terms-of-service-corpus); CodeHima/TOS_Dataset; [ContractNLI](https://stanfordnlp.github.io/contract-nli/); CaseHOLD; Code of Federal Regulations; [Canadian Case Law](https://huggingface.co/datasets/a2aj/canadian-case-law) (subsets that allow commercial use) | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507) |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Formal-Logic | Text | 128M | [Nemotron Personas](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Nemotron-Personas-USA) | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507) |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Economics | Text | 73.4M | - | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507) |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Multiple-Choice | Text | 1.6B | [MMLU Auxiliary Train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cais/mmlu/viewer/all/auxiliary_train) | [DeepSeek-V3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B) |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Code-Concepts | Text | 7.3B | - | [gpt-oss-20b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-20b); [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Nemotron-Pretraining-Unconditional-Algorithmic | Text | 196.5M | - | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B) |\n| More Synthetic Tasks from DeepSeek-V3 and Qwen3-235B-A22B | Text | 1.1B | train splits of acp_bench; ai2_arc; babi; gsm8k; hendrycks_math; IFEval; MedText; mediqa_qa; mlqa; MMLU-Pro; mmlu-pro-plus; MMLU-ProX; nq_open; tinyGSM8k; truthful_qa; truthfulqa-multi; MATH-lighteval; mmlu; awesome-chatgpt-prompts; super_glue | [DeepSeek v3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B) |\n| Synthetic Tasks from DeepSeek-V3 and Qwen3-235B-A22B | Text | 6.7B | train splits of Into the Unknown; AI2 ARC (AI2 Reasoning Challenge); BLiMP (Benchmark of Linguistic Minimal Pairs); CommonSenseQA; GLUE; HeadQA; Hendrycks Ethics; Memo Trap; modus-tollens; NeQA; pattern-matching-suppression; mastermind_24_mcq_random; mastermind_24_mcq_close; quote-repetition; redefine-math; Repetitive Algebra; sig-figs; MMLU-Pro; MC-TACO; MedConceptsQA; MMLU_dataset; OpenbooksQA; PIQA (Physical Interaction Question Answering); SocialIQA; SuperGLUE; tinyAI2_arc; tinyMMLU; tinyWinogrande; TruthfulQA; WebQuestions; Winogrande; GPQA; MBPP | [DeepSeek v3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B) |\n| Synthetic Art of Problem Solving from DeepSeek-R1 | Text | 40B | [Art of Problem Solving](https://artofproblemsolving.com/company); [American Mathematics Competitions 8](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_8_Problems_and_Solutions); [American Mathematics Competitions 10](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_10_Problems_and_Solutions) | [DeepSeek-R1](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1) |\n| Synthetic Moral Stories and Social Chemistry from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 and Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1 | Text | 15.2M | [social-chemestry-101](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tasksource/social-chemestry-101); [Moral Stories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/demelin/moral_stories) | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507); [Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1) |\n| Synthetic Moral Stories and Social Chemistry from Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1 | Text | 327M | [social-chemestry-101](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tasksource/social-chemestry-101); [Moral Stories](https://huggingface.co/datasets/demelin/moral_stories) | [Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1) |\n| Synthetic Social Sciences seeded with OpenStax from DeepSeek-V3, Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1, and Qwen2.5-72B | Text | 83.6M | [OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset](https://openstax.org/) | [DeepSeek-V3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1); [Qwen2.5-72B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B) |\n| Synthetic Health Sciences seeded with OpenStax from DeepSeek-V3, Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1, and Qwen2.5-72B | Text | 9.7M | [OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset](https://openstax.org/) | [DeepSeek-V3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mixtral-8x22B-v0.1); [Qwen2.5-72B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B) |\n| Synthetic STEM seeded with OpenStax, Open Textbook Library, and GSM8K from DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-V3, DeepSeek-V3-0324, and Qwen2.5-72B | Text | 175M | [OpenStax - CC BY-SA subset](https://openstax.org/); [GSM8K](https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math); [Open Textbook Library - CC BY-SA & GNU subset](https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/) | [DeepSeek-R1](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1), [DeepSeek-V3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [DeepSeek-V3-0324](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324); [Qwen2.5-72B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B) |\n| [Nemotron-PrismMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Nemotron-PrismMath) | Text | 4.6B | [Big-Math-RL-Verified](https://huggingface.co/datasets/SynthLabsAI/Big-Math-RL-Verified); [OpenR1-Math-220k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/open-r1/OpenR1-Math-220k) | [Qwen2.5-0.5B-instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct), [Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct); [DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B) |\n| Synthetic Question Answering Data from Papers and Permissible Books from Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct | Text | 350M | [arXiv](https://info.arxiv.org/help/bulk_data/index.html); [National Institutes of Health ExPorter](https://www.nih.gov/); [BioRxiv](https://www.biorxiv.org/tdm); [PMC Article](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/textmining/); [USPTO Backgrounds](https://data.uspto.gov/apis/transition-guide/bdss#pats); [peS2o](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/peS2o); Global Regulation; [CORE](https://core.ac.uk/documentation/dataset); [PG-19](https://github.com/google-deepmind/pg19); [DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset](https://www.doabooks.org/en); [NDLTD](https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/global-etd-search/) | [Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Rephrased [Math Data from Common Crawl](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Nemotron-MIND) from phi-4 | Text | 73B | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/latest-crawl) | [phi-4](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4) |\n| Synthetic Math Data from Common Crawl 4plus | Text | 52.3B | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/latest-crawl) | [phi-4](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4) |\n| Synthetic Math Data from Common Crawl 3 | Text | 80.9B | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/latest-crawl) | [phi-4](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4) |\n| Synthetic AGIEval seeded with AQUA-RAT, LogiQA, and AR-LSAT from DeepSeek-V3 and DeepSeek-V3-0324 | Text | 4.0B | [AQUA-RAT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/deepmind/aqua_rat); [LogiQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lucasmccabe/logiqa); [AR-LSAT](https://github.com/zhongwanjun/AR-LSAT) | [DeepSeek-V3](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3); [DeepSeek-V3-0324](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324) |\n| Synthetic AGIEval seeded with AQUA-RAT, LogiQA, and AR-LSAT from Qwen3-30B-A3B | Text | 4.2B | [AQUA-RAT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/deepmind/aqua_rat); [LogiQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lucasmccabe/logiqa); [AR-LSAT](https://github.com/zhongwanjun/AR-LSAT) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Synthetic Art of Problem Solving from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, Qwen2.5-Math-72B, Qwen2.5-Math-7B, and Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [Art of Problem Solving](https://artofproblemsolving.com/company); [American Mathematics Competitions 8](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_8_Problems_and_Solutions); [American Mathematics Competitions 10](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_10_Problems_and_Solutions); [GSM8K](https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math); [PRM800K](https://github.com/openai/prm800k) | [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct); [Qwen2.5-Math-72B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Math-72B); [Qwen2.5-Math-7B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-Math-7B); [Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic MMLU Auxiliary Train from DeepSeek-R1 | Text | 0.5B | [MMLU Auxiliary Train](https://huggingface.co/datasets/cais/mmlu/viewer/all/auxiliary_train) | [DeepSeek-R1](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1) |\n| Synthetic Long Context Continued Post-Training Data from Papers and Permissible Books from Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [arXiv](https://info.arxiv.org/help/bulk_data/index.html); [National Institutes of Health ExPorter](https://www.nih.gov/); [BioRxiv](https://www.biorxiv.org/tdm); [PMC Article](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/textmining/); [USPTO Backgrounds](https://data.uspto.gov/apis/transition-guide/bdss#pats); [peS2o](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/peS2o); Global Regulation; [CORE](https://core.ac.uk/documentation/dataset); [PG-19](https://github.com/google-deepmind/pg19); [DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset](https://www.doabooks.org/en); [NDLTD](https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/global-etd-search/) | [Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-72B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Common Crawl from Qwen3-30B-A3B and Mistral-Nemo-12B-Instruct | Text | 415.8B | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B); [Mistral-NeMo-12B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Mistral-NeMo-12B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Multilingual Data from Common Crawl from Qwen3-30B-A3B | Text | Undisclosed | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Synthetic Multilingual Data from Wikimedia from Qwen3-30B-A3B | Text | Undisclosed | [Wikimedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Synthetic Math Data from Wikimedia from Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | - | [Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Common Crawl Code from phi-4 | Text | 427.9B | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/latest-crawl) | [phi-4](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4) |\n| Synthetic Scientific Coding from Qwen3-235B-A22B | Text | 1.2B | [Wikimedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) | [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507) |\n| Tool Calling Data | Text | 26.2B | - | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507); [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Synthetic Essential-Web from QwQ-32B | Text | 28.1B | [Essential-Web](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0) | [QwQ-32B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/QwQ-32B) |\n| Translated Synthetic Crawl | Text | 389.9B | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Translated Synthetic Wikipedia | Text | 7.9B | [Wikimedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Synthetic Long Context from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | [CORE](https://core.ac.uk/documentation/dataset); [PG-19](https://github.com/google-deepmind/pg19); [DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset](https://www.doabooks.org/en); [NDLTD](https://ndltd.org/thesis-resources/global-etd-search/) | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507) |\n| Synthetic Search STEM OPENQ from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic MCQ from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Offline Search MCQA HLE from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Offline Search MCQA GPQA from Qwen3-235B-A22B and DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Human Preference from QwQ-32B, Qwen3-30B-A3B, Qwen3-235B-A22B, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503, Mistral-Small-3.2-24B-Instruct-2506, MiniMax-M1-80k, MiniMax-M1-40k, Kimi-K2-Instruct, DeepSeek-V3-0324, DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [QwQ-32B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/QwQ-32B); [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B); [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507); [Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Small-3.1-24B-Instruct-2503); [Mistral-Small-3.2-24B-Instruct-2506](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-Small-3.2-24B-Instruct-2506); [MiniMax-M1-80k](https://huggingface.co/MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M1-80k); [MiniMax-M1-40k](https://huggingface.co/MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M1-40k); [Kimi-K2-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct); [DeepSeek-V3-0324](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3-0324); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic WildChat-1M and arena-human-preference-140k from DeepSeek-R1, gemma-2-2b-it, gemma-3-27b-it, gpt-oss-20b, gpt-oss-120b, Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3, Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1, Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct, NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2, Phi-4-mini-instruct, Phi-3-small-8k-instruct, Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct, Qwen3-235B-A22B, QwQ-32B | Text | Undisclosed | [WildChat-1M](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/WildChat-1M); [arena-human-preference-140k](https://huggingface.co/datasets/lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-140k) | [DeepSeek-R1](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1); [gemma-2-2b-it](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-2-2b-it); [gemma-3-27b-it](https://huggingface.co/google/gemma-3-27b-it); [gpt-oss-20b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-20b); [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3); [Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1); [Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct); [NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/NVIDIA-Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2); [Phi-4-mini-instruct](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-4-mini-instruct); [Phi-3-small-8k-instruct](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-small-8k-instruct); [Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-medium-4k-instruct); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B); [QwQ-32B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/QwQ-32B) |\n| Synthetic Code from Qwen3-32B | Text | Undisclosed | English Common Crawl; English Common Crawl 1.1 | [Qwen3-32B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-32B) |\n| Synthetic OpenCodeReasoning from DeepSeek-R1 | Text | Undisclosed | [OpenCodeReasoning](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenCodeReasoning) | [DeepSeek-R1](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1) |\n| Synthetic OpenCodeReasoning from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [OpenCodeReasoning](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenCodeReasoning) | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic HackerRank Coding from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | HackerRank Coding Dataset | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic LIMO from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [LIMO](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GAIR/LIMO) | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic SCP from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [SCP-116K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EricLu/SCP-116K) | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Stack Exchange from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange) | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Synthetic Art of Problem Solving from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [Art of Problem Solving](https://artofproblemsolving.com/company); [American Mathematics Competitions 8](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_8_Problems_and_Solutions); [American Mathematics Competitions 10](https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/AMC_10_Problems_and_Solutions) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Common Crawl from Qwen3-30B-A3B | Text | Undisclosed | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Synthetic Wikipedia from Qwen3-30B-A3B | Text | Undisclosed | [Wikimedia](https://dumps.wikimedia.org/) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B) |\n| Synthetic Essential-Web from Qwen3-30B-A3B and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | [Essential-Web](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B); [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507) |\n| Synthetic Essential-Web from gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | [Essential-Web](https://huggingface.co/datasets/EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Synthetic Textbook Math from Qwen3-30B-A3B, Qwen3-235B-A22B, phi-4 | Text | Undisclosed | [Common Crawl](https://commoncrawl.org/); [FineMath](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceTB/finemath) | [Qwen3-30B-A3B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-30B-A3B); [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B); [phi-4](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/phi-4) |\n| Synthetic Math and Code from DeepSeek-R1 and DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K](https://huggingface.co/datasets/ise-uiuc/Magicoder-Evol-Instruct-110K); [opc-sft-stage2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/OpenCoder-LLM/opc-sft-stage2); [TACO](https://huggingface.co/datasets/BAAI/TACO); [OpenCodeReasoning](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenCodeReasoning); [OpenMathReasoning](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenMathReasoning); [NuminaMath CoT](https://huggingface.co/datasets/AI-MO/NuminaMath-CoT) | [DeepSeek-R1](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Math from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | - | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic OpenMathReasoning from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [OpenMathReasoning](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/OpenMathReasoning) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic KernelBook from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [KernelBook](https://huggingface.co/datasets/GPUMODE/KernelBook) | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic Scale HLE from gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | Scale HLE | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Synthetic CDQuestions from gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | [CDQuestions](https://cdquestions.com/) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Synthetic GPQA from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [Stack Exchange](https://archive.org/details/stackexchange) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b); [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct) |\n| Synthetic Vedantu from gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | [Vedantu](https://www.vedantu.com/) | [gpt-oss-120b](https://huggingface.co/openai/gpt-oss-120b) |\n| Synthetic Search STEM MCQ from Qwen3-235B-A22B and DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic OpenSTEM from Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic MCQ10 from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528) |\n| Synthetic MCQ4 from Qwen3-235B-A22B, DeepSeek-R1-0528, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | - | [Qwen3-235B-A22B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B); [DeepSeek-R1-0528](https://huggingface.co/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528); [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507) |\n\n## NVIDIA-Sourced Synthetic Datasets (Post-Training)\n\n| Dataset | Modality | Dataset Size | Seed Dataset | Model(s) used for generation |\n| :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- |\n| Synthetic Competitive MATH Proofs from DeepSeek-V4-Pro | Text | Undisclosed | [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions] | [deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro] |\n| Synthetic Hermes Agent Reasoning Traces | Text | Undisclosed | [lambda/hermes-agent-reasoning-traces] | [hermes-agent-generator] |\n| Synthetic Competitive Coding from DeepSeek-V4-Pro | Text | Undisclosed | [NVCompetitiveCodingV1] | [deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro] |\n| Synthetic Competitive Science Reasoning from DeepSeek-V4-Pro | Text | Undisclosed | [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [cdquestions.com]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Vedantu]; [askfilo]; [doubtnut]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)]; [AAPT]; [ChemData 700K]; [oMeBench]; [Flavor Analysis and Recognition Transformer]; [ChemCoTBench]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset] | [deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V4-Pro] |\n| Synthetic Competitive MATH CoT and TIR from Nemotron 5.5 | Text | Undisclosed | [Pile-FreeLaw]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions] | [Nemotron 5.5] |\n| Vendor Terminal Bench-like Tasks from Mercor | Text | Undisclosed | [Terminal bench like tasks curated by the vendor] | [Undisclosed - purchased dataset] |\n| Turing Math Data Pack | Text | Undisclosed | [Turing Math Data Pack dataset] | [Undisclosed - purchased dataset] |\n| Synthetic Holdout, Skywork, DAPO, and Turing Math from GPT-5.5 | Text | Undisclosed | [DocQA-RL-1.6K]; [DAPO-Math-17k] | [GPT-5.5] |\n| Synthetic Long Context RL from QwenLong L1 and DocQA-RL-1.6K | Text | Undisclosed | [DocQA-RL-1.6K] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Competitive Coding Gym Tasks | Text | Undisclosed | [NVCompetitiveCodingV1.1] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Finance SEC Search Agent from GPT-OSS-120B and Qwen3 | Text | Undisclosed | [SEC filings from sec.gov] | [GPT-OSS-120B]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct]; [Qwen3-4B-Instruct] |\n| Synthetic Structured Outputs from Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507, Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | [Nemotron-RL-agent-structured-outputs-v1] | [Qwen3-30B-A3B-Instruct-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507] |\n| Synthetic Long Context Equivalence Rule from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 and DeepSeek-R1 | Text | Undisclosed | [Long-context SFT data] | [Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [Deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1] |\n| Synthetic Science RL Data Blend from Qwen2.5-32B | Text | Undisclosed | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [Qwen2.5-32B] |\n| Synthetic Abstention Data from Nemotron Super v3 | Text | Undisclosed | [Go abstention Dataset] | [nvidia/nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3] |\n| Synthetic Chemistry Data from Nemotron Super v3 | Text | Undisclosed | [ChemData 700K] | [nvidia/nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3] |\n| Synthetic Tool Call Schema for RL | Text | 469,983 | [UltraTool]; [ToolEyes]; [AutoTools]; [API-Bank]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]; [Salesforce xLAM function-calling]; [Glaive function-calling-v2]; [Agent-Ark/Toucan-1.5M] | [DeepSeek-V3.2]; [GLM-4.6]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Kimi-K2-Instruct] |\n| Synthetic Freeform Text Formatting from GPT-OSS-120B | Text | Undisclosed | [In-house data] | [GPT OSS 120B - Apache 2.0] |\n| Synthetic Citation Formatting from GPT-OSS-120B | Text | Undisclosed | [In-house data] | [GPT OSS 120B - Apache 2.0] |\n| Droid Harness Pivot Vendor Data | Text | Undisclosed | [Droid Harness Pivot vendor data] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic HotpotQA Training Data from Qwen3-235B | Text | Undisclosed | [HotpotQA] | [Qwen3-235B] |\n| Synthetic Natural Language Math Proofs from Nemotron 5.5 | Text | Undisclosed | [AMC8, AMC10, and AIME problem sets hosted on Art of Problem Solving]; [Pile-StackExchange] | [Nemotron 5.5] |\n| Synthetic Stack Overflow OpenQ | Text | Undisclosed | [Pile-FreeLaw] | Undisclosed |\n| Chemistry Ether0 Vendor Data | Text | Undisclosed | [Chemistry ether0 vendor data] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Litmus-Bench Chemistry from ChEMBL | Text | Undisclosed | [ChEMBL]; [Nemo Gym RL dataset generated from ChEMBL with RDKit] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic ZINC Chemistry from Nemotron Super v3 | Text | Undisclosed | [ZINC] | [Nemotron Super v3] |\n| ARC-AGI Gym Environment | Text | Undisclosed | [ARC-AGI-2] | [ARC-AGI-2] |\n| Synthetic Agentic Search Tool-Use from DeepSeek-V3.2 | Text | Undisclosed | [Mercor Data] | [DeepSeek-V3.2] |\n| Synthetic Text-To-SQL | Text | 96,564 | [In-house Text-to-SQL data] | [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Dialog Memory Vendor Data | Text | Undisclosed | [Patronus external vendor agreement] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Indirect Prompt Injection from Nemotron Super v3 and Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [In-house indirect prompt injection data] | [nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3, qwen/qwen3-next-80b-a3b-instruct] |\n| Synthetic Malicious Code and Agentic Security | Text | Undisclosed | [In-house malicious-code / agentic-security data] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Single-Step SWE Patch Selection | Text | Undisclosed | [SWE-Gym Dataset]; [SWE Bench Verified Benchmark] | [ground truth and task checks] |\n| Synthetic Natural Language Math Final Answers from Nemotron 5.5 | Text | Undisclosed | [AMC8, AMC10, and AIME problem sets hosted on Art of Problem Solving]; [Pile-StackExchange] | [nemotron 5.5] |\n| Synthetic Simple Math Prompts for Token Efficiency | Text | Undisclosed | [In-house simple math prompts] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Abstention Data from Nemotron Super v3 (CRAG) | Text | Undisclosed | [CRAG] | [nvidia/nvidia/nemotron-3-super-v3] |\n| Synthetic Agentless SWE | Text | 242,536 | [SWE-Rebench-V2]; [SWEbench Training Set]; [R2E-Gym/R2E-Gym-Subset]; [SWE-Gym/SWE-Gym]; [SWE-Rebench] | [openai/gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Agentless SWE from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | 209,976 | [SWE-Bench-Train]; [SWE-Fixer-Train]; [SWE-reBench]; [SWE-Smith] | [deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528] |\n| Synthetic Agentic CUDA Traces from GLM-4.7 | Text | 2,276 | [Internal CUDA task data] | [GLM-4.7] |\n| Synthetic Math Proofs from DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale | Text | 820,772 | [Nemotron-Math-Proofs-v1] | [SDG: DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale]; [Filter: proof validation] |\n| Synthetic Multilingual SFT from DeepSeek-V3 | Text | 1,245,284 | [Nano v3 SFT data] | [DeepSeek-V3] |\n| Synthetic Agentic Code from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 109,086 | [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1] | [openai/gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Agentic CLI and Web Skills from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 27,418 | [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1] | [openai/gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Agentic Coding from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 160,531 | [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1] | [openai/gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic OpenCode Agentic Tasks from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 614,773 | [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1] | [openai/gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic SWE Unverified | Text | Undisclosed | [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticSkills-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIMultiTurnPrompts-v1]; [NVAgenticCLIPrompts-Web-v1] | [gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen/Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct]; [GLM-4.7-Flash] |\n| Synthetic ARC-AGI Ultra Data | Text | 192,016 | [ARC-AGI-2]; [arc dataset collection] | [ARC-AGI-2] |\n| Synthetic LiveCodeBench TIR from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | 1,283,398 | [Nemotron-X training datasets] | [DeepSeek-R1-0528] |\n| Synthetic Verilog and SystemVerilog Code from DeepSeek-R1-0528 and GPT-OSS-120B | Text | 1,233,247 | [Verilog/SystemVerilog seed code] | [SDR: DeepSeek R1 0528 and GPT-OSS-120B]; [Filtering: Claude 4 Sonnet] |\n| Synthetic Aider Python Tasks from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | 236,099 | [Exercism (GitHub Python)] | [Deepseek R1 0528] |\n| Synthetic Chat Reasoning-Off Data from GLM-5 | Text | 646,738 | [lmarena-ai/repochat-arena-preference-4k user prompts] | [Multi-turn conversations generated by GLM-5 with best-of-4 selection via Qwen3-Nemotron-235B-A22B-GenRM] |\n| Synthetic Chat Reasoning-On Data from GLM-5 | Text | 644,286 | [lmarena-ai/repochat-arena-preference-4k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-expert-5k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-55k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-100k user prompts]; [lmarena-ai/arena-human-preference-140k user prompts] | [Multi-turn conversations generated by GLM-5 with best-of-4 selection via Qwen3-Nemotron-235B-A22B-GenRM] |\n| Synthetic Multilingual Safety from Riva-Translate-4B-Instruct-v1.1 | Text | 132,067 | [Safety SFT Data: Ultra] | [nvidia/Riva-Translate-4B-Instruct-v1.1] |\n| Synthetic Science Reasoning Effort Medium | Text | 502,722 | [science-reasoning-effort-medium-v0] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Telecom Tool-Use Trajectories from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 12,455 | [Existing Tau2 telecom trajectories originally generated with DeepSeek V3.2] | [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Terminal Bench Data from OpenReasoningv2 | Text | Undisclosed | [OpenCodeReasoningv2]; [OpenMathReasoning]; [nemo-swe-bench-repos]; [SWE-Rebench]; [SWE-Fixer-110K] | [OpenReasoningv2] |\n| Synthetic Tulu Instruction Following from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | 105,361 | [Nemotron-X training datasets] | [DeepSeek-R1-0528] |\n| Synthetic Instruction Following from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 151,988 | [IFEval]; [IFEvalG] | [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Instruction Following for RL | Text | Undisclosed | [WildChat-1M]; [LMSYS-340B-Eval Dataset]; [LMSYS-Chat-1M Prompts]; [IFEval]; [IFEvalG] | [Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507] |\n| Synthetic Identity Data from Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 | Text | 25,992 | [Hand-written prompts] | [Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Instruct]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507] |\n| Synthetic Terminus Ultra Agentic Reasoning Blend | Text | 96,881 | [ARC-AGI-2]; [OpenCodeReasoningv2]; [OpenMathReasoning]; [SWE-Fixer-110K]; [SWE-Rebench]; [SWE-Smith] | [DeepSeek-V3.2]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [Ring-1T]; [Kimi-K2.5]; [GLM-4.7-FP8]; [Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Ministral-3-14B-Reasoning-2512]; [LM-4.5-Air-FP8] |\n| Synthetic STEM from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | Text | 1,174,694 | [IChO-IPhO-RL-v2]; [Physics-Big Dataset]; Scale HLE; [OpenMathReasoning]; [OpenCodeReasoning] | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507] |\n| Synthetic STEM from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 and gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | [arXiv]; [National Institutes of Health ExPorter]; [BioRxiv]; [PMC Article]; [USPTO Backgrounds]; [peS2o]; Global Regulation; [CORE]; [PG-19]; [DOAB CC BY & CC BY-SA subset]; [NDLTD] | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Translation Data from TAUS | Text | 1,618,055 | [TAUS proprietary dataset] | Undisclosed |\n| Synthetic Art of Problem Solving and Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b, Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, and Goedel-Prover-V2-32B | Text | 860,469 | [Nemotron-Math-Proofs-v1] | [Goedel-Prover-V2-32B] |\n| Synthetic Art of Problem Solving and Stack Exchange from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 1,201,815 | [Upstream released math dataset]; [AoPS]; [StackOverflow / StackExchange] | [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Multilingual Science and Code data from DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, and Qwen3-235B-A22B, translated with Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [Nano-V3 SFT Data (without tool call)] | [Qwen/Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct]; [Qwen/Qwen3-4B-Thinking-2507] |\n| Synthetic Multilingual Science and Code data from DeepSeek-R1, DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct, and Qwen3-235B-A22B, translated with Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct and Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct (Stack Exchange lineage) | Text | Undisclosed | [Stack Exchange]; [SCP-116K]; [LIMO]; [TACO]; Code Contest; Codeforces | [DeepSeek-R1]; [DeepSeek-R1-0528]; [Qwen2.5-32B-Instruct]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B] |\n| Synthetic Search Graph Walk | Text | 6,977 | [Wikidata / Wikipedia KnowledgeBase] | [MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M2] |\n| Synthetic Agentic Diverse Domains | Text | 281,537 | [Handwritten prompts (synthetic; no external seed data used)] | [SDG model: deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3.2, deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507, Qwen/Qwen3-32B]; [Filtering model: openai/gpt-oss-120b, Qwen/Qwen3-32B, Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507] |\n| Synthetic Long Context from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | [Long-context SFT seed blend (pre-training blend + nano-v1 post-training data)]; [Long-context SFT data: lc_nothink 256k, MRCR 200k, RULER 256k]; [AALCR seed blend: SEC Filings, CC, Wikipedia, FinePDFs, ArXiv, Pile-NIH ExPorter, BioRxiv, PMC Article, USPTO Backgrounds, peS2o, Global Regulations, CORE, Gutenberg (PG-19), DOAB CC-BY, NDLTD, Amps, StackExchange, MathPile, Numinas] | [Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1]; [Qwen3-30B-A3B] |\n| Synthetic Nemotron Math SFT from DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale | Text | 1,900,553 | [Nemotron-Math-v2 (AOPS and StackExchange-math problems)] | [DeepSeek-V3.2-Speciale] |\n| Synthetic Nemotron Math TIR from DeepSeek-V3.2 | Text | 1,789,258 | [Nemotron-Math-v2 (AOPS and StackExchange-math problems)] | [DeepSeek-V3.2] |\n| Synthetic NemoCascade OCR Distillation from gpt-oss-120b | Text | 682,864 | [Nemotron-X training datasets] | [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic CUDA 100k | Text | 93,086 | [KernelBook]; [HuggingFace Transformers]; [FlashInfer] | [gpt-oss-120b]; [DeepSeek-R1-0528] |\n| Synthetic Science MCQ and QA Diversity from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 30,358 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Science HLE with Python from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 85,184 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Science Search and Python from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 6,179 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Science Search from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 32,554 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Finance Reasoning from GPT-OSS-120B and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507 | Text | 326,700 | [SEC filings] | [GPT-OSS-120B, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507] |\n| Synthetic Science Diversity MCQ from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 532,942 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Science Diversity OpenQ from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 131,045 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Science Reasoning No-Tool from GPT-OSS and Kimi-K2 | Text | 2,085,600 | [doubtnut]; [Pile-FreeLaw]; [Llama Nemotron Dataset]; [askfilo]; [EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0]; [Vedantu]; [auxiliary_train]; [cdquestions.com]; [AMC 8 Problems and Solutions, AMC 10 Problems and Solution, and AIME Problems and Solutions]; [AAPT]; [ICHO-IPH0 Dataset]; [LIMO dataset (Less is More for Reasoning)] | [GPT-OSS]; [Kimi-K2] |\n| Synthetic Text-To-SQL from gpt-oss-120b | Text | Undisclosed | [In-house Text-to-SQL data] | [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Tool Call Schema for RL (extended) | Text | 707,967 | [UltraTool]; [ToolEyes]; [AutoTools]; [API-Bank]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA]; [Salesforce xLAM function-calling]; [Glaive function-calling-v2]; [Agent-Ark/Toucan-1.5M] | [DeepSeek-V3.2]; [GLM-4.6]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [Kimi-K2-Instruct] |\n| Synthetic Safety from gemma-3-4b-it, Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2, and gpt-oss-120b | Text | 44,091 | [Safety SFT Data] | [google/gemma-3-4b-it]; [Nemotron-Nano-9B-v2]; [gpt-oss-120b] |\n| Synthetic Safety from DeepSeek-R1-0528, gpt-oss-120b, DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B, and Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1 | Text | Undisclosed | [Nemotron Content Safety Dataset V2]; [Gretel Synthetic Safety Alignment Dataset]; [RedTeam-2K]; [Malicious Tasks]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA] | [DeepSeek-R1-0528]; [gpt-oss-120b]; [DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-7B]; [Qwen3-30B-A3B-Thinking-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [Mixtral-8x7B-v0.1] |\n| Synthetic Tool Calling from Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 and Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking | Text | Undisclosed | [ToolBench]; [glaive-function-calling-v2]; [APIGen Function-Calling]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA] | [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507]; [Qwen3-Next-80B-A3B-Thinking] |\n| Synthetic Chat from gpt-oss-120b, Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | [C4]; [LMSYS-Chat-1M]; [ShareGPT]; [GSM8K]; [PRM800K]; [FinQA]; [WikiTableQuestions]; [Riddles]; [glaive-function-calling-v2]; [SciBench]; [tigerbot-kaggle-leetcodesolutions-en-2k]; [OpenBookQA]; [Advanced Reasoning Benchmark]; Software Heritage; [Khan Academy Math Keywords]; [WildChat-1M]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA] | [gpt-oss-120b]; [Mixtral-8x22B-Instruct-v0.1]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507] |\n| Synthetic Tool Use Interactive Agent from gpt-oss-120b, DeepSeek-R1-0528, Qwen3-32B, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | NVIDIA Internal | [gpt-oss-120b]; [DeepSeek-R1-0528]; [Qwen3-32B]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507] |\n| Synthetic DocFinQA and SWE-smith from Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct and Kimi-K2-Thinking | Text | Undisclosed | [DocFinQA]; [SWE-smith] | [Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct]; [Kimi-K2-Thinking] |\n| Synthetic SWE-Gym from Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [SWE-Gym] | [Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct] |\n| Synthetic SWE-Gym and R2E-Gym-Subset from Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct | Text | Undisclosed | [SWE-Gym]; [R2E-Gym-Subset] | [Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B-Instruct] |\n| Synthetic SWE-Gym and R2E-Gym-Subset from DeepSeek-R1-0528 | Text | Undisclosed | [SWE-Gym]; [R2E-Gym-Subset] | [DeepSeek-R1-0528] |\n| Synthetic HelpSteer, LMSYS-Chat-1M, and Nemotron-Personas-USA from gpt-oss-120b, Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507, and Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507 | Text | Undisclosed | [HelpSteer2]; [HelpSteer3]; [LMSYS-Chat-1M]; [Nemotron-Personas-USA] | [gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507]; [Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking-2507] |\n| Synthetic Nemotron-Personas-USA from gpt-oss-120b and Qwen3-8B | Text | Undisclosed | [Nemotron-Personas-USA] | [gpt-oss-120b]; [Qwen3-8B] |\n| Vendor Terminal Bench-like Tasks (Droid) | Text | Undisclosed | [Droid Harness Pivot vendor data] | Undisclosed |\n\n## Language Distribution in Post-Training\n\nFor our post-training recipe, we focused on the following languages in addition to English: French, German, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, and Chinese. Those languages were represented in the form of multilingual reasoning and translation tasks.\n\n

\n\n## Testing Datasets:\n\n**Data Collection Method by dataset**
\n* Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Collected, Synthetic\n**Labeling Method by dataset**
\n* Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Labeled, Synthetic\n**Properties:** This corpus comprises a mix of high-quality standard benchmarks and test suites for modern agentic AI. These benchmarks test model capabilities on tasks such as tool-calling and instruction following.\n\n## Evaluation Datasets:\n\n**Data Collection Method by dataset**
\n* Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Collected, Synthetic\n**Labeling Method by dataset**
\n* Hybrid: Automated, Manually-Labeled, Synthetic\n**Properties:** This corpus comprises a mix of high-quality standard benchmarks and test suites for modern agentic AI. These benchmarks test model capabilities on tasks such as tool-calling and instruction following.\n\n## Inference\n\n* **Acceleration Engine:** PyTorch\n* **Test Hardware:**\n * NVIDIA Hopper\n - 1-8x H100\n - 1-8x H200\n * NVIDIA Blackwell\n - GB200\n - GeForce RTX 5090\n\n## Ethical Considerations\n\nNVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications. Developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse.\n\nWe advise against circumvention of any provided safety guardrails contained in the Model without a substantially similar guardrail appropriate for your use case. For more details, see the Safety and Security and Explainability tabs on this NGC model page.\n\nFor more detailed information on ethical considerations for this model, please see the Bias and Privacy tabs on this NGC model page.\n\nPlease report model quality, risk, security vulnerabilities or NVIDIA AI Concerns [here](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/support/submit-security-vulnerability/).\n\n## Get Help\n\n### Getting started with the NIM\n\nDeploying and integrating the NIM is straightforward thanks to our industry standard APIs. Visit the [NVIDIA NIM documentation](https://docs.nvidia.com/nim/large-language-models/latest/about-nim-llm/overview.html) for release documentation, deployment guides and more.\n\n### NVIDIA Developer Community Forum\nGet access to community knowledge base articles and support cases (https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/)","displayName","NVIDIA-Nemotron-3.5-Lightning-30B-A3B-BF16",["D",1786407687752],"publisher","NVIDIA","latestVersion","versions","collectionCounts","imageUrl","/api/image/nim/nvidia/models/nemotron-3.5-lightning","rawImageUrl","","canGuestDownload","latestVersionSizeInBytes","licenseTerms",{"_292":293,"_294":16,"_295":296,"_297":20,"_298":299},"isMultinodeEnabled","isMultiArchitecture","bias","| Field | Response |\n| :---- | :---- |\n| Participation considerations from adversely impacted groups [protected classes](https://calcivilrights.ca.gov/disputeresolution/protected-characteristics/) in model design and testing: | None |\n| Bias Metric (If Measured): | [BBQ Accuracy Scores in Ambiguous Contexts](https://github.com/nyu-mll/BBQ/) |\n| Which characteristic (feature) show(s) the greatest difference in performance?: | The model shows high variance in the characteristics when it is used with a high temperature. |\n| Measures taken to mitigate against unwanted bias: | Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) employed to calibrate the model’s reasoning capabilities to maintain logical consistency and appropriate complexity when interacting with or interpreting data from diverse age demographics. |\n| If using internal data, description of methods implemented in data acquisition or processing, if any, to address the prevalence of identifiable biases in the training, testing, and validation data: | The training datasets contain a large amount of synthetic data generated by LLMs. We manually curated prompts. |\n| Tools used to assess statistical imbalances and highlight patterns that may introduce bias into AI models: | [BBQ](https://github.com/nyu-mll/BBQ/) |\n| Tools used to assess statistical imbalances and highlight patterns that may introduce bias into AI models: | These datasets, such as web-scraped finance reasoning data derived from SEC EDGAR filings, science and math problem datasets, OpenResearcher/source-document datasets, Common Crawl, CC-News, Wikimedia, and long-context document datasets, do not collectively or exhaustively represent all demographic groups (and proportionally therein). For instance, these datasets do not contain explicit mentions of demographic classes such as age, gender, or ethnicity in approximately 97% to 99.9% of finance reasoning samples and in over 85% of samples across the broader assessed datasets. In the subset where such terms are present, these datasets contain notable representational skews. For example, ethnicity mentions are often dominated by Middle Eastern contexts (found in finance documents) or \"White,\" \"Two or more,\" and \"Black or African American\" as the most frequent ethnic identifiers, while references categorized as male-only significantly outnumber those categorized as female-only. Furthermore, gender is explicitly mentioned in approximately 12% of samples across the broader dataset assessment, yet in only 0.9% of finance-specific samples. Dataset-level results vary by source type, with long-context/source-document datasets containing higher explicit demographic mention rates compared to certain web-scraped sources. To mitigate these imbalances, we recommend considering evaluation techniques such as bias audits, fine-tuning with demographically balanced datasets, and mitigation strategies such as counterfactual data augmentation to align with the desired model behavior. This evaluation used a 3,000-sample subset per dataset, identified as the optimal threshold for maximizing embedder accuracy. |\n| Unwanted Bias Testing: | Constrained to English-language inputs. Multi-lingual parity is not currently claimed or guaranteed. |","explainability","| Field | Response |\n| :---- | :---- |\n| Intended Task/Domain: | Text generation, reasoning, and chat |\n| Model Type: | Text-to-text Mamba2-Transformer Hybrid |\n| Intended Users: | Generative AI creators working with conversational AI models and image content. |\n| Output: | Text |\n| Tools used to evaluate datasets to identify synthetic data and ensure data authenticity. | We used a Gemma-3 4B-based filtering model fine-tuned on [Nemotron Content Safety Dataset v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Aegis-AI-Content-Safety-Dataset-2.0) to ensure the quality of synthetic data. |\n| Describe how the model works: | Generates text by predicting the next word or token based on the context provided in the input sequence using multiple self-attention layers. |\n| Name the adversely impacted groups this has been tested to deliver comparable outcomes regardless of: | Age, Disability Status, Gender Identity, Nationality, Physical Appearance, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Sexual Orientation, Religion |\n| Technical Limitations & Mitigation: | This model performs particularly well in instruction following regimes, as such may be strongly influenced by untrusted inputs and should be paired with appropriate guardrails and data filtering to better align use-case behaviors when exposed to such data. |\n| Verified to have met prescribed NVIDIA quality standards: | Yes |\n| Performance Metrics: | Accuracy, Throughput, and User-side throughput |\n| Potential Known Risks: | The model was optimized explicitly for instruction following and as such is more susceptible to prompt injection and jailbreaking in various forms as a result of its instruction tuning. This means that the model should be paired with additional rails or system filtering to limit exposure to instructions from malicious sources -- either directly or indirectly by retrieval (e.g. via visiting a website) -- as they may yield outputs that can lead to harmful, system-level outcomes up to and including remote code execution in agentic systems when effective security controls including guardrails are not in place. The model may generate answers that may be inaccurate, omit key information, include irrelevant or redundant text, or produce socially unacceptable or undesirable text, even if the prompt itself does not include anything explicitly offensive. The model may exhibit self-anthropomorphism (e.g., displaying human-like characteristics in dialogue, such as expressing preferences and emotions). |\n| Licensing: | Use of this model is governed by the [OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMDW/OpenMDW/refs/heads/main/1.1/LICENSE.OpenMDW-1.1) (OpenMDW-1.1). |","privacy","| Privacy Information |\n| :--- |\n| Nemotron 3.5 Lightning was trained on large-scale publicly available data that may contain images, audio-video, and text relating to people. NVIDIA collected and used this data in compliance with applicable data protection and privacy laws. This model was not designed to derive insights or otherwise learn from any personal data contained in the datasets. |\n| NVIDIA uses a combination of filters, data minimization techniques, and other guardrails to help prevent personal data from being recited by our models. We employ automated tools and data processing techniques during pre-training or training to identify and filter certain categories of personal data. |\n| Please review NVIDIA's [Privacy Policy](https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/about-nvidia/privacy-policy/) for more information. |","safetyAndSecurity","| Field | Response |\n| :---- | :---- |\n| Model Application Field(s): | Chat, Instruction Following, Chatbot Development, Code Generation, Reasoning, Customer Service |\n| Describe the life critical impact (if present). | Not Applicable |\n| Description of methods implemented in data acquisition or processing, if any, to address other types of potentially harmful data in the training, testing, and validation data: | We used a guard model for content safety to exclude potentially harmful data from training. |\n| Description of any methods implemented in data acquisition or processing, if any, to address illegal or harmful content in the training data, including, but not limited to, child sexual abuse material (CSAM) and non-consensual intimate imagery (NCII) | We used a Gemma-3 4B-based guard model trained on [Nemotron Content Safety Dataset v2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Aegis-AI-Content-Safety-Dataset-2.0) for content safety to exclude potentially illegal or harmful content from the training. |\n| Use Case Restrictions: | Use of this model is governed by the [OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OpenMDW/OpenMDW/refs/heads/main/1.1/LICENSE.OpenMDW-1.1) (OpenMDW-1.1).|\n| Model and dataset restrictions: | The Principle of least privilege (PoLP) is applied limiting access for dataset generation and model development. Restrictions enforce dataset access during training, and dataset license constraints adhered to. |\n| This AI model was developed based on our policies to ensure responsible data handling and risk mitigation. The datasets used for training have been scanned for harmful content and illegal content, consistent with our policies including scanning for Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM). Ongoing review and monitoring mechanisms are in place based on our policies and to maintain data integrity. | True. We use [Nemotron Content Safety Dataset V2](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nvidia/Aegis-AI-Content-Safety-Dataset-2.0) and an internal safety dataset specialized for minority sexuality for content safety evaluation to ensure the safety of this model. |","featureLabels",[286],"displayLabels",[243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254],"policyLabels",[],"systemLabels",[],"products",[],"hasNimMetadata",{"_206":282,"_256":283,"_257":284,"_72":78},{"_206":280,"_256":280,"_257":281,"_72":78},{"_206":278,"_256":278,"_257":279,"_72":78},{"_206":276,"_256":276,"_257":277,"_72":78},{"_206":274,"_256":274,"_257":275,"_72":78},{"_206":272,"_256":272,"_257":273,"_72":78},{"_206":270,"_256":270,"_257":271,"_72":78},{"_206":267,"_256":268,"_257":269,"_72":78},{"_206":263,"_256":264,"_257":265,"_72":78},{"_206":202,"_256":202,"_257":262,"_72":78},{"_206":260,"_256":260,"_257":261,"_72":78},{"_206":255,"_256":255,"_257":258,"_72":78},"nvfp4","value","filter",{"_259":78,"_256":255},"field","NSPECT-ND33-2GIO",{"_259":78,"_256":260},{"_259":78,"_256":202},"Natural Language Understanding","uscs_natural_language_understanding",{"_259":266,"_256":264},"application","Natural Language Processing","uscs_natural_language_processing",{"_259":266,"_256":268},"model",{"_259":78,"_256":270},"llm",{"_259":78,"_256":272},"ingested",{"_259":78,"_256":274},"huggingface",{"_259":78,"_256":276},"ga",{"_259":78,"_256":278},"False",{"_259":78,"_256":280},"AI","soln_ai",{"_259":285,"_256":283},"technology",{"_206":287,"_256":288,"_257":289,"_72":290},"NVIDIA NIM","nimmcro_nvidia_nim",{"_259":291,"_256":288},"feature","nvidia_nim","governingTerms","

GOVERNING DOWNLOAD TERMS: Use of the model is governed by the OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1.

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GOVERNING HOSTING TERMS: Use of the model is governed by the OpenMDW License Agreement, version 1.1.

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","kndctr_F207D74D549850760A4C98C6_AdobeOrg_bc_session_id","ttcsid_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXCategory","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.This cookie is associated with TikTok. It helps track your activity on the platform, including how you interact with their embedded services on other websites.","_fbp","Used by Facebook to deliver a series of advertisement products such as real time bidding from third party advertisers","_zitok","_twpid","This cookie is typically associated with the use of Taptap Digital, a company specializing in digital advertising. It is used for tracking and ad personalization purposes.","_tt_enable_cookie","This cookie name is associated with TikTok which is used to collect data about behavior and purchases on the website and to measure the effect of advertising. 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