Models
License Plate Recognition

License Plate Recognition

Logo for License Plate Recognition
Features
Description
Model to recognize characters from the image crop of a License Plate.
Publisher
NVIDIA
Latest Version
deployable_onnx_v1.1
Modified
November 27, 2024
Size
110.09 MB

License Plate Recognition (LPRNet) Model Card

Description:

LPRNet recognizes characters in license plates from cropped images. This model is ready for commercial use.

References:

Citations

  • Graves, Alex, et al. "Connectionist temporal classification: labelling unsegmented sequence data with recurrent neural networks." In: Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning (2006)
  • He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition. In: CVPR (2015)

Using TAO Pre-trained Models

Model Architecture:

Architecture Type: Convolution Neural Network (CNN)
Network Architecture: ResNet

Input:

Input Type(s): Image
Input Format(s): Red, Green, Blue (RGB)
Input Parameters: 3D
Other Properties Related to Input: RGB Fixed Resolution: 3 X 48 X 96 (C H W) Channel Ordering of the Input: CHW, where C = number of channels (3), H = Height of images (48), W = Width of the images (96); No minimum bit depth, alpha, or gamma.

Output:

Output Type(s): Label(s)
Output Format: Label: Text String
Other Properties Related to Output: Category Label(s): license plate alpha-numeric characters

Software Integration:

Runtime Engine(s):

  • TAO - 5.2
  • DeepStream 6.1 or later

Supported Hardware Architecture(s):

  • Ampere
  • Jetson
  • Hopper
  • Lovelace
  • Pascal
  • Turing
  • Volta

Supported Operating System(s):

  • Linux
  • Linux 4 Tegra

Model Version(s):

  • trainable_v1.0 - Pre-trained models for US and China license plates.
  • deployable_v1.0 - Models for US and China license plates deployable to DeepStream.

Training & Evaluation:

Training Dataset:

Data Collection Method by dataset:

  • Automatic/Sensors

Labeling Method by dataset:

  • Human

Properties:
LPRNet model has been trained on two datasets:

  • Internal, proprietary dataset of 310,000 US license plates images taken at various angles and illumination collected from dash and side cameras of a vehicle.
  • Approximately 100,000 images from the Chinese City Parking Dataset (CCPD) of a provincial capital of China.

  • Characters distribution:

    character number
    0 100688
    1 117499
    2 98599
    3 111220
    4 127387
    5 148325
    6 175541
    7 231298
    8 105170
    9 111234
    A 36350
    B 33677
    C 40292
    D 39447
    E 36787
    F 34734
    G 40474
    H 38751
    I 12645
    J 34155
    K 37397
    L 40900
    M 36544
    N 40431
    P 38198
    Q 11086
    R 40899
    S 38820
    T 41155
    U 45471
    V 35998
    W 38096
    X 37468
    Y 34454
    Z 31963

  • Illumination: sunny, cloudy, rainy, bright, dim.

  • Locations of dataset collection: US roads and parking lots, mainly in California.

  • Camera mounting location: mainly the dash camera and the side camera in cars.

  • Camera angles: Assume camera sensor is in the camera coordinate center. The X-axis is horizontal and points to the right, the Y-axis is vertical and points up and the Z-axis points towards the outside. In this coordinate system, the license plates in following position are choosen:

    • Roll: within -30 degree to +30 degree
    • Pitch: within -30 degree to +30 degree
    • Yaw: within -15 degree to +15 degree
    • Distance to license plate: From the distances that the license plates in images are larger than 16x16 pixels

  • License plates images shapes:

    min max avg
    height 17 1924 54
    width 35 3896 109
    aspect-ratio (width/height) 0.9 3.6 2.0

Some sample images (before cropping the license plates) can be found in output annotated images section of LPD's model card.

Data Format

The data format must be in the following format.

/Dataset_01
    /images
        0000.jpg
        0001.jpg
        0002.jpg
        ...
        ...
        ...
        N.jpg
    /labels 
        0000.txt
        0001.txt
        0002.txt
        ...
        ...
        ...
        N.txt
/characters_list.txt

Each cropped license plate image has a corresponding label text file which contains one line of characters in the specific license plate. There is a characters_list.txt which has all the characters found in license plate dataset. Each character takes one line.

Evaluation Dataset:

Data Collection Method by dataset:

  • Automatic/Sensors

Labeling Method by dataset:

  • Human

Properties:
Model evaluated on approximately 100,000 images from Chinese City Parking Dataset (CCPD) of a provincial capital of China.

Methodology and KPI

The key performance indicator is the accuracy of license plate recognition. The accurate recognition means all the characters in a license plate are recognized correctly.The KPI for the evaluation data are reported below.

model dataset accuracy
us_lprnet_baseline18_unpruned NVIDIA LPR eval dataset 97.49%
ch_lprnet_baseline18_unpruned CCPD_base_val 99.67%

Inference:

Engine: Tensor(RT)
Test Hardware:

  • Jetson AGX Xavier
  • Xavier NX
  • Orin
  • Orin NX
  • NVIDIA T4
  • Ampere GPU
  • A2
  • A30
  • L4
  • T4
  • DGX H100
  • DGX A100
  • DGX H100
  • L40
  • JAO 64GB
  • Orin NX16GB
  • Orin Nano 8GB

The inference uses FP16 precision. The inference performance runs with trtexec on Jetson Nano, Xavier NX, AGX Xavier and NVIDIA T4 GPU. The Jetson devices run at Max-N configuration for maximum system performance. The data is the inference only performance. The end-to-end performance with streaming video data might slightly vary depending on use cases of applications.

Device precision batch_size FPS
Jetson Nano FP16 32 16
Jetson NX FP16 32 600
Jetson Xavier FP16 64 1021
T4 FP16 128 3821

How to use this model

This model needs to be used with NVIDIA Hardware and Software. For Hardware, the model can run on any NVIDIA GPU including NVIDIA Jetson devices. This model can only be used with Transfer Learning Toolkit (TLT), DeepStream SDK or TensorRT.

Primary use case intended for this model is to recognize the license plate from the cropped RGB license plate image.

There are two models provided:

  • us_lprnet_baseline18
  • ch_lprnet_baseline18

They are intended for training and fine-tune using Transfer Learning Toolkit and the users' dataset of license plates in United States of America or China. High fidelity models can be trained to the new use cases. The Jupyter notebook available as a part of TLT container can be used to re-train.

These models are also intended for easy deployment to the edge using DeepStream SDK or TensorRT. They accept 3x48x96 dimension input tensors and output the predicted sequence characters id. DeepStream provides facility to create efficient video analytic pipelines to capture, decode and pre-process the data before running inference.

The models are encrypted and can be decrypted with the following key:

  • Model load key: nvidia_tlt

Please make sure to use this as the key for all TLT commands that require a model load key.

Instructions to deploy the model with DeepStream

To create the entire end-to-end video analytic application, deploy this model with DeepStream SDK. DeepStream SDK is a streaming analytic toolkit to accelerate building AI-based video analytic applications. DeepStream supports direct integration of this model into the deepstream sample app.

To deploy this model with DeepStream 5.1, please follow the instructions in this repository.

Technical blogs

Suggested reading

Ethical Considerations:

NVIDIA believes Trustworthy AI is a shared responsibility and we have established policies and practices to enable development for a wide array of AI applications. When downloaded or used in accordance with our terms of service, developers should work with their internal model team to ensure this model meets requirements for the relevant industry and use case and addresses unforeseen product misuse. For more detailed information on ethical considerations for this model, please see the Model Card++ Promise and the Explainability, Bias, Safety & Security, and Privacy Subcards.