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Tacotron2 and Waveglow 2.0 for PyTorch

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Description

The Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow model form a text-to-speech system that enables user to synthesise a natural sounding speech from raw transcripts.

Publisher

NVIDIA

Latest Version

20.06.9

Modified

April 4, 2023

Compressed Size

10.29 MB

The performance measurements in this document were conducted at the time of publication and may not reflect the performance achieved from NVIDIA's latest software release. For the most up-to-date performance measurements, go to NVIDIA Data Center Deep Learning Product Performance.

Benchmarking

The following section shows how to run benchmarks measuring the model performance in training and inference mode.

Training performance benchmark

To benchmark the training performance on a specific batch size, run:

Tacotron 2

  • For 1 GPU

    • FP16
      python train.py -m Tacotron2 -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-3 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --weight-decay 1e-6 --grad-clip-thresh 1.0 --cudnn-enabled --log-file nvlog.json --load-mel-from-disk --training-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_train_subset_2500_filelist.txt --validation-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_val_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path> --amp
      
    • TF32 (or FP32 if TF32 not enabled)
      python train.py -m Tacotron2 -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-3 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --weight-decay 1e-6 --grad-clip-thresh 1.0 --cudnn-enabled --log-file nvlog.json --load-mel-from-disk --training-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_train_subset_2500_filelist.txt --validation-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_val_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path>
      
  • For multiple GPUs

    • FP16
      python -m multiproc train.py -m Tacotron2 -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-3 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --weight-decay 1e-6 --grad-clip-thresh 1.0 --cudnn-enabled --log-file nvlog.json --load-mel-from-disk --training-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_train_subset_2500_filelist.txt --validation-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_val_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path> --amp
      
    • TF32 (or FP32 if TF32 not enabled)
      python -m multiproc train.py -m Tacotron2 -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-3 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --weight-decay 1e-6 --grad-clip-thresh 1.0 --cudnn-enabled --log-file nvlog.json --load-mel-from-disk --training-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_train_subset_2500_filelist.txt --validation-files=filelists/ljs_mel_text_val_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path>
      

WaveGlow

  • For 1 GPU

    • FP16
      python train.py -m WaveGlow -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-4 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --segment-length 8000 --weight-decay 0 --grad-clip-thresh 65504.0 --cudnn-enabled --cudnn-benchmark --log-file nvlog.json --training-files filelists/ljs_audio_text_train_subset_1250_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path> --amp
      
    • TF32 (or FP32 if TF32 not enabled)
      python train.py -m WaveGlow -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-4 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --segment-length  8000 --weight-decay 0 --grad-clip-thresh 3.4028234663852886e+38 --cudnn-enabled --cudnn-benchmark --log-file nvlog.json --training-files filelists/ljs_audio_text_train_subset_1250_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path>
      
  • For multiple GPUs

    • FP16
      python -m multiproc train.py -m WaveGlow -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-4 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --segment-length 8000 --weight-decay 0 --grad-clip-thresh 65504.0 --cudnn-enabled --cudnn-benchmark --log-file nvlog.json --training-files filelists/ljs_audio_text_train_subset_1250_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path> --amp
      
    • TF32 (or FP32 if TF32 not enabled)
      python -m multiproc train.py -m WaveGlow -o <output_dir> -lr 1e-4 --epochs 10 -bs <batch_size> --segment-length 8000 --weight-decay 0 --grad-clip-thresh 3.4028234663852886e+38 --cudnn-enabled --cudnn-benchmark --log-file nvlog.json --training-files filelists/ljs_audio_text_train_subset_1250_filelist.txt --dataset-path <dataset-path>
      

Each of these scripts runs for 10 epochs and for each epoch measures the average number of items per second. The performance results can be read from the nvlog.json files produced by the commands.

Inference performance benchmark

To benchmark the inference performance on a batch size=1, run:

  • For FP16
    python inference.py --tacotron2 <Tacotron2_checkpoint> --waveglow <WaveGlow_checkpoint> -o output/ --include-warmup -i phrases/phrase_1_64.txt --fp16 --log-file=output/nvlog_fp16.json
    
  • For TF32 (or FP32 if TF32 not enabled)
    python inference.py --tacotron2 <Tacotron2_checkpoint> --waveglow <WaveGlow_checkpoint> -o output/ --include-warmup -i phrases/phrase_1_64.txt --log-file=output/nvlog_fp32.json
    

The output log files will contain performance numbers for Tacotron 2 model (number of output mel-spectrograms per second, reported as tacotron2_items_per_sec) and for WaveGlow (number of output samples per second, reported as waveglow_items_per_sec). The inference.py script will run a few warmup iterations before running the benchmark.

Results

The following sections provide details on how we achieved our performance and accuracy in training and inference.

Training accuracy results

Training accuracy: NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 40GB)

Our results were obtained by running the ./platform/DGXA100_{tacotron2,waveglow}_{AMP,TF32}_{1,4,8}NGPU_train.sh training script in the PyTorch-20.06-py3 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 40GB) GPUs.

All of the results were produced using the train.py script as described in the Training process section of this document. For each model, the loss is taken from a sample run.

Loss (Model/Epoch) 1 250 500 750 1000
Tacotron 2 FP16 3.82 0.56 0.42 0.38 0.35
Tacotron 2 TF32 3.50 0.54 0.41 0.37 0.35
WaveGlow FP16 -3.31 -5.72 -5.87 -5.94 -5.99
WaveGlow TF32 -4.46 -5.93 -5.98

Figure 4. Tacotron 2 FP16 loss - batch size 128 (sample run)

Figure 5. Tacotron 2 TF32 loss - batch size 128 (sample run)

Figure 6. WaveGlow FP16 loss - batch size 10 (sample run)

Figure 7. WaveGlow TF32 loss - batch size 4 (sample run)

Training accuracy: NVIDIA DGX-1 (8x V100 16GB)

Our results were obtained by running the ./platform/DGX1_{tacotron2,waveglow}_{AMP,TF32}_{1,4,8}NGPU_train.sh training script in the PyTorch-20.06-py3 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX-1 with 8x V100 16G GPUs.

All of the results were produced using the train.py script as described in the Training process section of this document.

Loss (Model/Epoch) 1 250 500 750 1000
Tacotron 2 FP16 13.0732 0.5736 0.4408 0.3923 0.3735
Tacotron 2 FP32 8.5776 0.4807 0.3875 0.3421 0.3308
WaveGlow FP16 -2.2054 -5.7602 -5.901 -5.9706 -6.0258
WaveGlow FP32 -3.0327 -5.858 -6.0056 -6.0613 -6.1087

Figure 4. Tacotron 2 FP16 loss - batch size 104 (mean and std over 16 runs)

Figure 5. Tacotron 2 FP32 loss - batch size 48 (mean and std over 16 runs)

Figure 6. WaveGlow FP16 loss - batch size 10 (mean and std over 16 runs)

Figure 7. WaveGlow FP32 loss - batch size 4 (mean and std over 16 runs)

Training curves

Figure 3. Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow training loss.

Training performance results

Training performance: NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 40GB)

Our results were obtained by running the ./platform/DGXA100_{tacotron2,waveglow}_{AMP,TF32}_{1,4,8}NGPU_train.sh training script in the [framework-container-name] NGC container on NVIDIA DGX A100 (8x A100 40GB) GPUs. Performance numbers (in output mel-spectrograms per second for Tacotron 2 and output samples per second for WaveGlow) were averaged over an entire training epoch.

This table shows the results for Tacotron 2:

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Number of mels used with mixed precision Number of mels used with TF32 Speed-up with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with TF32
1 128 26,484 31,499 0.84 1.00 1.00
4 128 107,482 124,591 0.86 4.06 3.96
8 128 209,186 250,556 0.83 7.90 7.95

The following table shows the results for WaveGlow:

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Number of samples used with mixed precision Number of samples used with TF32 Speed-up with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with TF32
1 10@FP16, 4@TF32 149,479 67,581 2.21 1.00 1.00
4 10@FP16, 4@TF32 532,363 233,846 2.28 3.56 3.46
8 10@FP16, 4@TF32 905,043 383,043 2.36 6.05 5.67
Expected training time

The following table shows the expected training time for convergence for Tacotron 2 (1501 epochs):

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Time to train with mixed precision (Hrs) Time to train with TF32 (Hrs) Speed-up with mixed precision
1 128 112 94 0.84
4 128 29 25 0.87
8 128 16 14 0.84

The following table shows the expected training time for convergence for WaveGlow (1001 epochs):

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Time to train with mixed precision (Hrs) Time to train with TF32 (Hrs) Speed-up with mixed precision
1 10@FP16, 4@TF32 188 416 2.21
4 10@FP16, 4@TF32 54 122 2.27
8 10@FP16, 4@TF32 33 75 2.29
Training performance: NVIDIA DGX-1 (8x V100 16GB)

Our results were obtained by running the ./platform/DGX1_{tacotron2,waveglow}_{AMP,TF32}_{1,4,8}NGPU_train.sh training script in the PyTorch-20.06-py3 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX-1 with 8x V100 16G GPUs. Performance numbers (in output mel-spectrograms per second for Tacotron 2 and output samples per second for WaveGlow) were averaged over an entire training epoch.

This table shows the results for Tacotron 2:

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Number of mels used with mixed precision Number of mels used with FP32 Speed-up with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with FP32
1 104@FP16, 48@FP32 15,891 9,174 1.73 1.00 1.00
4 104@FP16, 48@FP32 53,417 32,035 1.67 3.36 3.49
8 104@FP16, 48@FP32 115,032 58,703 1.96 7.24 6.40

The following table shows the results for WaveGlow:

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Number of samples used with mixed precision Number of samples used with FP32 Speed-up with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with mixed precision Multi-GPU weak scaling with FP32
1 10@FP16, 4@FP32 105,873 33,761 3.14 1.00 1.00
4 10@FP16, 4@FP32 364,471 118,254 3.08 3.44 3.50
8 10@FP16, 4@FP32 690,909 222,794 3.10 6.53 6.60

To achieve these same results, follow the steps in the Quick Start Guide.

Expected training time

The following table shows the expected training time for convergence for Tacotron 2 (1501 epochs):

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Time to train with mixed precision (Hrs) Time to train with FP32 (Hrs) Speed-up with mixed precision
1 104@FP16, 48@FP32 181 333 1.84
4 104@FP16, 48@FP32 53 88 1.66
8 104@FP16, 48@FP32 31 48 1.56

The following table shows the expected training time for convergence for WaveGlow (1001 epochs):

Number of GPUs Batch size per GPU Time to train with mixed precision (Hrs) Time to train with FP32 (Hrs) Speed-up with mixed precision
1 10@FP16, 4@FP32 249 793 3.18
4 10@FP16, 4@FP32 78 233 3.00
8 10@FP16, 4@FP32 48 127 2.98

Inference performance results

The following tables show inference statistics for the Tacotron2 and WaveGlow text-to-speech system, gathered from 1000 inference runs, on 1x A100, 1x V100 and 1x T4, respectively. Latency is measured from the start of Tacotron 2 inference to the end of WaveGlow inference. The tables include average latency, latency standard deviation, and latency confidence intervals. Throughput is measured as the number of generated audio samples per second. RTF is the real-time factor which tells how many seconds of speech are generated in 1 second of compute.

Inference performance: NVIDIA DGX A100 (1x A100 40GB)

Our results were obtained by running the inference-script-name.sh inferencing benchmarking script in the PyTorch-20.06-py3 NGC container on NVIDIA DGX A100 (1x A100 40GB) GPU.

Batch size Input length Precision WN channels Avg latency (s) Latency std (s) Latency confidence interval 50% (s) Latency confidence interval 90% (s) Latency confidence interval 95% (s) Latency confidence interval 99% (s) Throughput (samples/sec) Speed-up with mixed precision Avg mels generated (81 mels=1 sec of speech) Avg audio length (s) Avg RTF
1 128 FP16 256 0.80 0.02 0.80 0.83 0.84 0.86 192,086 1.08 602 6.99 8.74
4 128 FP16 256 1.05 0.03 1.05 1.09 1.10 1.13 602,856 1.20 619 7.19 6.85
1 128 FP32 256 0.87 0.02 0.87 0.90 0.91 0.93 177,210 1.00 601 6.98 8.02
4 128 FP32 256 1.27 0.03 1.26 1.31 1.32 1.35 500,458 1.00 620 7.20 5.67
1 128 FP16 512 0.87 0.02 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.94 176,135 1.12 601 6.98 8.02
4 128 FP16 512 1.37 0.03 1.36 1.42 1.43 1.45 462,691 1.32 619 7.19 5.25
1 128 FP32 512 0.98 0.03 0.98 1.02 1.03 1.07 156,586 1.00 602 6.99 7.13
4 128 FP32 512 1.81 0.05 1.79 1.86 1.90 1.93 351,465 1.00 620 7.20 3.98
Inference performance: NVIDIA DGX-1 (1x V100 16GB)
Batch size Input length Precision WN channels Avg latency (s) Latency std (s) Latency confidence interval 50% (s) Latency confidence interval 90% (s) Latency confidence interval 95% (s) Latency confidence interval 99% (s) Throughput (samples/sec) Speed-up with mixed precision Avg mels generated (81 mels=1 sec of speech) Avg audio length (s) Avg RTF
1 128 FP16 256 1.14 0.07 1.12 1.20 1.33 1.40 136,069 1.58 602 6.99 6.13
4 128 FP16 256 1.52 0.05 1.52 1.58 1.61 1.65 416,688 1.72 619 7.19 4.73
1 128 FP32 256 1.79 0.06 1.78 1.86 1.89 1.99 86,175 1.00 602 6.99 3.91
4 128 FP32 256 2.61 0.07 2.61 2.71 2.74 2.78 242,656 1.00 619 7.19 2.75
1 128 FP16 512 1.25 0.08 1.23 1.32 1.44 1.50 124,057 1.90 602 6.99 5.59
4 128 FP16 512 2.11 0.06 2.10 2.19 2.22 2.29 300,505 2.37 620 7.20 3.41
1 128 FP32 512 2.36 0.08 2.35 2.46 2.54 2.61 65,239 1.00 601 6.98 2.96
4 128 FP32 512 5.00 0.14 4.96 5.18 5.26 5.42 126,810 1.00 618 7.18 1.44
Inference performance: NVIDIA T4
Batch size Input length Precision WN channels Avg latency (s) Latency std (s) Latency confidence interval 50% (s) Latency confidence interval 90% (s) Latency confidence interval 95% (s) Latency confidence interval 99% (s) Throughput (samples/sec) Speed-up with mixed precision Avg mels generated (81 mels=1 sec of speech) Avg audio length (s) Avg RTF
1 128 FP16 256 1.23 0.05 1.22 1.29 1.33 1.42 125,397 2.46 602 6.99 5.68
4 128 FP16 256 2.85 0.08 2.84 2.96 2.99 3.07 222,672 1.90 620 7.20 2.53
1 128 FP32 256 3.03 0.10 3.02 3.14 3.19 3.32 50,900 1.00 602 6.99 2.31
4 128 FP32 256 5.41 0.15 5.38 5.61 5.66 5.85 117,325 1.00 620 7.20 1.33
1 128 FP16 512 1.75 0.08 1.73 1.87 1.91 1.98 88,319 2.79 602 6.99 4.00
4 128 FP16 512 4.59 0.13 4.57 4.77 4.83 4.94 138,226 2.84 620 7.20 1.57
1 128 FP32 512 4.87 0.14 4.86 5.03 5.13 5.27 31,630 1.00 602 6.99 1.44
4 128 FP32 512 13.02 0.37 12.96 13.53 13.67 14.13 48,749 1.00 620 7.20 0.55

Our results were obtained by running the ./run_latency_tests.sh script in the PyTorch-20.06-py3 NGC container. Please note that to reproduce the results, you need to provide pretrained checkpoints for Tacotron 2 and WaveGlow. Please edit the script to provide your checkpoint filenames.

To compare with inference performance on CPU with TorchScript, benchmark inference on CPU using ./run_latency_tests_cpu.sh script and get the performance numbers for batch size 1 and 4. Intel's optimization for PyTorch on CPU are added, you need to set export OMP_NUM_THREADS=<num physical cores> based on your CPU's core number, for your reference: https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/maximize-tensorflow-performance-on-cpu-considerations-and-recommendations-for-inference.html